DEC_2024_9.1

SUPPLEMENT
PROFESSIONAL PROGRAMME
for
December, 2024 Examination
Banking - Law & Practice

MODULE 3
ELECTIVE PAPER 9.1
Disclaimer: This document has been prepared purely for academic purposes
only and it does not necessarily reflect the views of ICSI. Any person wishing
to act on the basis of this document should do so only after cross checking
with the original source.
INDEX
Lesson Name Page no.

Lesson
no.
Overview of Indian Banking System 3
1
Regulatory Framework of Banks 4
2
Control Over Organization of Banks 10
3
Regulation of Banking Business 14
4
Banking Operations 18
5
IT in Banking 21
6
Various Government Schemes 24
10
Consumer Protection 25
11
Loans and Advances 27
12
Non Performing Assets 31
18
Final Accounts of Banking Companies 33
19
Risk Management in Banks and Basel Accords 36
20
Audits in Banks 41
21
2
Lesson 1-Overview of Indian Banking System
Registration of Factors (Reserve Bank) Regulations, 2022 (Notification No.

DOR.FIN.080/CGM(JPS) – 2022 dated January 14, 2022)
The Reserve Bank of India has issued regulations pertaining to the manner of granting Certificate
of Registration to companies which propose to do factoring business. Every company seeking
registration asNBFC-Factor shall have a minimum Net Owned Fund (NOF) of ₹5 crore, or as
specified by the Reserve Bank from time to time. An NBFC-Factor shall ensure that its financial
assets in the factoring business constitute at least fifty per cent of its total assets and its income
derived from factoring business is not lessthan fifty per cent of its gross income.
For further details please visit:

https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=12223&Mode=0
Implementation of ‘Core Financial Services Solution’ by Non-Banking Financial

Companies (NBFCs) (Notification no. RBI/2021-22/175DoS.CO.PPG.SEC/10/11.01.005
/2021-22 dated February 23, 2022)
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has asked certain class of Non-Banking Financial Companies
(NBFC) to mandatorily implement ‘Core Financial Services Solution (CFSS)’ by September 30,
2025 in order to provide seamless customer interface as well as have a centralised data base. In a
circular, RBI said it hasbeen decided that NBFCs – Middle Layer and NBFCs – Upper Layer with
10 and more ‘fixed point service delivery units’ as on October 01, 2022 shall be mandatorily
required to implement CFSS.

Voluntary transition of Small Finance Banks to Universal Banks (Notification no. RBI/2024-
25/28DOR.LIC.REC.20/ 16.13.218/2024-25 dated April 26, 2024)
RBI has issued Guidelines for ‘on-tap’ Licensing of Small Finance Banks in Private Sector in year
2019 which provides a transition path for Small Finance Banks (SFBs) to convert into
Universal Banks. Such conversion shall be subject to the SFB’s fulfilling minimum paid-up capital/
net worth requirement as applicable to Universal Banks, satisfactory track record of performance as
an SFB for a minimum period of five years and RBI’s due diligence exercise. The eligible SFB shall
be required to furnish a detailed rationale for such transition. The eligible SFB may submit its
application for transition to Universal Bank, in the prescribed form along with other requisite
documents to RBI.

3
Lesson 2 - Regulatory Framework of Banks
Regulations Review Authority (RRA 2.0) - Interim Recommendations- Second tranche move
(Notification no. RBI/2021-2022/170CO.DSIM.SMD.No.S482/05-06-004/2021-22 dated
February 18, 2022)
The Reserve Bank of India has set up a Regulations Review Authority (RRA 2.0) with an objective
to reduce the compliance burden on Regulated Entities (REs). RRA had recommended withdrawal
of 150 circulars in the first tranche of recommendations. In continuation of the exercise, RRA has
now recommended withdrawal of additional 100 circulars in the second tranche of
recommendations. The RRA has recommended elimination of paper-based returns and has
identified 65 regulatory returns which wouldeither be discontinued/ merged with other returns or
would be converted into online returns. The RRA hasalso recommended creation of a separate web
page “Regulatory Reporting” in the RBI website to consolidate information relating to regulatory
reporting and return submission by the regulated entities ata single source. These recommendations
are expected to ease regulatory compliance for the regulated entities while improving the accuracy,
speed and quality of data submission.

https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=53293
Liquidity Adjustment Facility- Change in rates (Notification no. RBI/2022-23/42

FMOD.MAOG.No.144/01.01.001/2022-23 dated May 04, 2022)
It has been decided by the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) to increase the policy Repo rate
under theLiquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) by 40 basis points from 4.00 per cent to 4.40 per cent
with immediate effect. Consequently, the Standing Deposit Facility (SDF) rate and Marginal
Standing Facility (MSF) ratestand adjusted from 3.75 per cent to 4.15 per cent and from 4.25 per
cent to 4.65 per cent respectively, with immediate effect.

Maintenance of Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) (Notification no. RBI/2022-

23/46DOR.RET.REC.33/12.01.001/2022-23 dated May 04, 2022)
It has been decided to increase the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) of all banks by 50 basis points from
4.00 percent to 4.50 percent of their Net Demand and Time Liabilities (NDTL), effective from the
reporting fortnight beginning May 21, 2022.

4
Review of SLR holdings in HTM category (Notification no. RBI/2022-
23/150DOR.MRG.REC.89/21.04.141/2022-23 dated December 08, 2022)
At present, banks have been granted a special dispensation of enhanced Held to Maturity (HTM) limit
of 23 per cent of Net Demand and Time Liabilities (NDTL), for Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR)
eligible securities acquired between September 01, 2020 and March 31, 2023, until March 31,
2023. On a review, it has been decided to further extend the dispensation of enhanced HTM limit of
23 per cent of NDTL upto March 31, 2024 and allow banks to include securities acquired between
September 01, 2020 and March 31, 2024 under the enhanced limit of 23 per cent.
Monetary Policy Statement, 2022-23 Resolution of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC)
February 6-8, 2023 (Press release dated February 08, 2023)
On the basis of an assessment of the current and evolving macroeconomic situation, the Monetary
Policy Committee (MPC) at its meeting held on February 08, 2023 decided to Increase the policy repo
rate under the Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) by 25 basis points to 6.50 per cent with immediate
effect. Consequently, the Standing Deposit Facility (SDF) rate stands adjusted to 6.25 per cent and the
Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) rate and the Bank Rate to 6.75 per cent. The MPC also decided to
remain focused on withdrawal of accommodation to ensure that inflation remains within the target
going forward, while supporting growth.
For further details please visit: https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=55178
₹2000 Denomination Banknotes – Withdrawal from Circulation; Will continue as Legal Tender
(Notification no. RBI/2023-24/32 DCM(Plg) No.S-236/10.27.00/2023-24 dated May 19, 2023)
₹2000 denomination banknote was introduced in November 2016 under Section 24(1) of RBI Act,
1934 primarily to meet the immediate currency requirement of the economy after withdrawal of the
legal tender status of all ₹500 and ₹1000 banknotes in circulation at that time. With fulfilment of the
objective of introduction of ₹2000 denomination and availability of banknotes in other denominations
in adequate quantity, printing of ₹2000 banknotes was stopped in 2018-19. Further, majority of the
₹2000 denomination notes were issued prior to March 2017, have completed their estimated lifespan
and are not observed to be commonly used for transactions anymore. Therefore, it has been decided
that, in pursuance of the “Clean Note Policy” of the Reserve Bank of India, the ₹2000 denomination
banknotes shall be withdrawn from circulation. The ₹2000 banknotes will continue to be legal tender.
For further details please visit: https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=12505&Mode=0
Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 - Section 42(1A) - Requirement for maintaining additional CRR
(Notification no. RBI/2023-24/52 DOR.RET.REC.29/12.01.001/2023-24 dated August 10, 2023)
On a review of the current liquidity conditions, it has been decided to issue a directive under Section
42(1A) of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 requiring all Scheduled Commercial Banks / Regional
Rural Banks / all Scheduled Primary (Urban) Co-operative Banks / all Scheduled State Co-operative
Banks to maintain with the Reserve Bank of India, effective from the fortnight beginning August 12,
5
2023, an incremental CRR (I-CRR) of 10 per cent on the increase in NDTL between May 19, 2023 and
July 28, 2023. The I-CRR will be reviewed on September 8, 2023 or earlier.

Review of Regulatory Framework for IDF-NBFCs (Notification no. RBI/2023-

24/54 DoR.SIG.FIN.REC.31/03.10.001/2023-24 dated August 18, 2023)
In order to enable IDF-NBFCs to play a greater role in the financing of the infrastructure sector and
to harmonise the regulations governing financing of infrastructure sector by the NBFCs, a review of
the guidelines applicable to IDF-NBFCs has been undertaken, in consultation with the Government
of India.

Reserve Bank of India (Classification, Valuation and Operation of Investment Portfolio of

Commercial Banks) Directions, 2023 (Notification no. RBI / DOR/ 2023-24/104
DOR.MRG.36/21.04.141/2023-24 dated September 12, 2023)
The Reserve Bank of India had issued a Discussion Paper (DP) on January 14, 2022 proposing
revisions to the current norms for the classification, valuation, and operation of investment portfolios
of commercial banks. After considering the feedback received on the DP, the Reserve Bank of India
(Classification, Valuation and Operation of Investment Portfolio of Commercial Banks) Directions,
2023 has been issued on September 12, 2023. The revised Directions include principle-based
classification of investment portfolio, tightening of regulations around transfers to/from held to
maturity (HTM) category and sales out of HTM, inclusion of non-SLR securities in HTM subject to
fulfilment of certain conditions and symmetric recognition of gains and losses. The revised Directions
shall apply to all commercial banks (excluding Regional Rural Banks) from the financial year
commencing on April 1, 2024.

Reserve Bank of India (Government Securities Lending) Directions, 2023 (Notification no.
RBI/2023-24/97FMRD. DIRD. No.05/14.03.061/2023-2024 dated December 27, 2023)
In pursuance of the announcement, the Draft Reserve Bank of India (Government Securities Lending)
Directions, 2023 were placed on the Reserve Bank’s website, on February 17, 2023, to invite
comments from banks, market participants and other interested parties. Based on the comments
received, the Reserve Bank of India (Government Securities Lending) Directions, 2023 have been
finalized and are being issued. These Directions have been issued in exercise of the powers conferred
under section 45W of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 read with section 45U of the Act and of
all the powers enabling it in this behalf.
6
Master Direction – Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Paper and Non-Convertible Debentures
of original or initial maturity upto one year) Directions, 2024 (Notification no.RBI/FMRD/2023-
24/109 FMRD.DIRD.09/14.02.001/2023-24 dated January 03, 2024)
The draft Directions on Call, Notice and Term Money, Certificate of Deposit and the Commercial
Paper and Non-Convertible Debentures of original or initial maturity upto one year markets were
released for market feedback on December 04, 2020. The Master Direction – Reserve Bank of India
(Call, Notice and Term Money Markets) Directions, 2021 and the Master Direction – Reserve Bank
of India (Certificate of Deposit) Directions, 2021 were issued on April 01, 2021 and June 04, 2021
respectively. The Master Direction - Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Paper and Non-Convertible
Debentures of original or initial maturity upto one year) Directions, 2024 have been reviewed based
on market feedback and are being issued herewith.

Credit/Investment Concentration Norms – Credit Risk Transfer (Notification no. RBI/2023-

24/112 DOR.CRE.REC.70/21.01.003/2023-24 dated January 15, 2024)
The guidelines on Large Exposures Framework (LEF) are applicable to NBFC-Upper Layer (NBFC-
UL) in terms of paragraph 110 of the MD on NBFC. The NBFC-Base Layer (NBFCBL) and NBFC-
Middle Layer (NBFCML) are, however, governed by the credit/investment concentration
norms prescribed at paragraphs 32 and 91 of the MD on NBFC, paragraph 20 of MD on HFC and
circular on Scale Based Regulation (SBR): A Revised Regulatory Framework for NBFCs dated
October 22, 2021. In order to ensure uniformity and consistency in computation of concentration
norms among NBFCs, a review of the extant concentration norms has been carried out and regulations
for NBFCML, BL & UL has been issued.

Guidelines on Appointment / Reappointment of Statutory Auditors of State Co-operative

Banks and Central Co-operative Banks (Notification no. RBI/2023-
24/113Ref.No.DOS.ARG/SEC.8/08.91.001/2023-24 dated January 15, 2024)
The Banking Regulation (Amendment) Act, 2020, notified in the Gazette of India on September 29,
2020, has come into force with effect from April 01, 2021, for Rural Co-operative Banks i.e., State
Cooperative Banks (StCBs) and Central Co-operative Banks (CCBs). Accordingly, Reserve Bank of
India (RBI), in exercise of its powers conferred under Section 30(1A) of the Banking Regulation Act,
1949, has framed the guidelines which shall be applicable to StCBs and CCBs for seeking prior
approval of RBI for appointment, re-appointment or removal of Statutory Auditor (SA), and other
7
related matters. These guidelines shall come into effect from April 1, 2024.

Second Schedule to the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 – Norms for inclusion (Notification
no.RBI/2023-24/115DoR.REG/LIC.No. 72/16.05.000/2023-24 dated January 17, 2024)
Subsequent to release of the Revised Regulatory Framework for Urban Cooperative Banks (UCBs)
on July 19, 2022, revised categorization norms for UCBs for regulatory purposes was notified vide
circular DOR.REG.No.84/07.01.000/2022-23 dated December 01, 2022 and the criteria for
classifying a UCB as Financially Sound and Well Managed (FSWM) have been revised vide circular
DOR.REG.No.85/07.01.000/2022-23 dated December 01, 2022. It has now been decided to revise
the eligibility norms for inclusion of UCBs in the Second Schedule to the Reserve Bank of India Act,
1934 to bring them in conformity with the Revised Regulatory Framework.

Arrangements with Card Networks for issue of Credit Cards (Notification no. RBI/2023-
24/131CO.DPSS. POLC. No. S1133/02-14-003/2023-24 dated March 06, 2024)
On a review, it is observed that some arrangements existing between card networks and card issuers
are not conducive to the availability of choice for customers. The RBI directs that the
card issuers shall not enter into any arrangement or agreement with card networks that restrain them
from availing the services of other card networks and card issuers shall provide an option to their
eligible customers to choose from multiple card networks at the time of issue. For existing
cardholders, this option may be provided at the time of the next renewal.

https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=12619&Mode=0
Amendment to the Master Direction -Credit Card and Debit Card – Issuance and Conduct
Directions, 2022 (Notification no. RBI/2023-24/ 132 DOR. RAUG.AUT. REC. No. 81/24.01.041/
2023-24 dated March 07, 2024)
The Reserve Bank of India being satisfied that it is necessary and expedient in the public interest to do
so, has amends certain provisions of ‘Credit Card and Debit Card – Issuance and Conduct Directions,
2022. Instructions relating to credit cards shall apply to all credit card issuing Banks and Non-
Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) and instructions relating to debit cards shall apply to every
bank operating in India. Amendments inter alia provides for:
• the card-issuers shall put in place an effective mechanism to monitor end use of funds.
• cardholder shall be given option to modify their billing cycle at least once as per cardholder’s
convenience.

8
Foreign Exchange Management (Mode of Payment and Reporting of Non-Debt Instruments)

(Amendment) Regulations, 2024 (Notification no. No. FEMA. 395(2)/2024-RB dated April 23,
2024)
In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 47 of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999
and consequent to the Foreign Exchange Management (Non-Debt Instrument) Rules, 2019, the
Reserve Bank of India has issued amended regulations. The amended regulation 3.1 and 4.8 related
to Mode of payment, Remittance of sale proceeds and Reporting requirements.

Foreign Exchange Management (Foreign Currency Accounts by a person resident in India)

(Amendment) Regulations, 2024 (Notification no. No. FEMA. 10(R)(3)/ 2024-RB dated April 23,
2024)
In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 9 and clause (e) of sub-section (2) of section 47 of the
Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999, the Reserve Bank of India makes the amendment in the
Foreign Exchange Management (Foreign Currency Accounts by a person resident in India)
Regulations, 2015. The amendments are related to raising of External Commercial Borrowings (ECB)
or raising of resources through American Depository Receipts (ADRs) or Global Depository Receipts
(GDRs) or through direct listing of equity shares of companies incorporated in India on International
Exchanges.

9
Lesson 3 - Control Over Organization of Banks
Review of norms for classification of Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs) as Financially Sound
and Well Managed (FSWM) (Notification no. RBI/2022-23/143DOR.REG.No.85
/07.01.000/2022-23 dated December 01, 2022)
In order to ensure a financially sound and stable Co-operative sector, select UCBs are termed as
Financially Sound and Well Managed (FSWM) subject to fulfillment of certain parameters. It has been
decided to revise the criteria for UCBs to be classified as FSWM. The revised criteria, for determining
the FSWM status have been given as under:
a. The Capital-to-Risk weighted Assets Ratio (CRAR) shall be at least 1 percentage point above the
minimum CRAR applicable to an UCB as on the reference date;
b. Net Non-Performing Assets (NPA) of not more than 3%;
c. Net profit for at least three out of the preceding four years subject to it not having incurred a net
loss in the immediate preceding year;
d. No default in the maintenance of Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) / Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR)
during the preceding financial year;
e. Sound internal control system with at least two professional directors on the Board;
f. Core Banking Solution (CBS) fully implemented; and
No monetary penalty should have been imposed on the bank on account of violation of RBI directives
/ guidelines during the last two financial years.
Revised Regulatory Framework - Categorization of Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs) for

Regulatory Purposes (Notification no. RBI/2022-23/144DOR.REG.No.84/07.01. 000/2022-23
dated December 01, 2022)
Given the heterogeneity in the cooperative sector, a tiered regulatory framework is required to balance
the spirit of mutuality and co-operation more prevalent in banks of smaller sizes and those with limited
area of operation vis-à-vis the growth ambitions of the large-sized UCBs to spread their area of
operation and undertake more complex business activities. The Reserve Bank of India had constituted
the Expert Committee on Urban Co-operative Banks to examine the issues in urban cooperative
banking sector and to review regulatory/ supervisory approach for strengthening the sector. Based on
the recommendations of the Expert Committee, RBI had released the Revised Regulatory Framework
for Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs) on July 19, 2022. Accordingly, it has been decided to adopt a
four-tiered regulatory framework, as against the existing two-tiered framework, for categorization of
UCBs. Going forward, this categorization may be used for differentiated regulatory prescriptions
aimed at strengthening the financial soundness of the UCBs.
10
Revised Regulatory Framework for Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs) – Net Worth and Capital
Adequacy (Notification no. RBI/2022-23/146 DOR.CAP.REC.No.86/09.18.201/2022-23 dated
December 01, 2022)
The Reserve Bank of India has issued a notification on the Revised Regulatory Framework for Urban
Co-operative Banks (UCBs) – Net Worth and Capital Adequacy. The RBI, in its notification, said
given the heterogeneity in the cooperative sector, a tiered regulatory framework is required, adding
such framework is needed to balance the spirit of mutuality and co-operation more prevalent in banks
of smaller sizes and those with limited area of operation vis-a-vis the growth ambitions of the large-
sized UCBs and undertake more complex business activities. The instructions come into effect from
April 1, 2023.
Guidelines on Acquisition and Holding of Shares or Voting Rights in Banking Companies

(Notification dated January 16, 2023)
In terms of sub-section (1) of Section 12B of Banking Regulation Act, 1949, every person, who intends
to acquire shares or voting rights and intends to be a major shareholder of a banking company, is
required to obtain previous approval of the Reserve Bank. The person, who intends to be a major
shareholder of a banking company, is required to make an application to the Reserve Bank along with
the declaration in specified form. The Reserve Bank would undertake a due diligence to assess the ‘fit
and proper’ status of the applicant.
Onboarding of more banks on उद्गम UDGAM portal (Press Release: 2023-2024/1048 dated October
05, 2023)
Reserve Bank of India launched a Centralised Web Portal उद्गम UDGAM (Unclaimed Deposits –
Gateway to Access inforMation) on August 17, 2023 for the public to facilitate and make it easier for
them to search their unclaimed deposits across multiple banks at one place. The search facility was
initially made available on the portal for seven banks and it was intimated to public that the search
facility for remaining banks on the portal would be made available in a phased manner by October 15,
2023. The members of public are hereby informed that, the search facility for 30 banks has been made
available on the portal on September 28, 2023, which covers around 90% of such unclaimed deposits
(in value terms) in Depositor Education and Awareness (DEA) Fund.

Appointment of Whole-Time Director(s) (Notification no. RBI/2023-

24/70DOR.HGG.GOV.REC.46/29.67.001/2023-24 dated October 25, 2023)
Given the growing complexity of the banking sector, it becomes imperative to establish an effective
11
senior management team in the banks to navigate ongoing and emerging challenges. Establishment of
such a team may also facilitate succession planning, especially in the background of the regulatory
stipulations in respect of tenure and upper age limit for Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer
(MD&CEO) positions. To address these issues and challenges, banks are advised to ensure the presence
of at least two Whole Time Directors (WTDs), including the MD&CEO, on their Boards. The number
of WTDs shall be decided by the Board of the bank by taking into account factors such as the size of
operations, business complexity, and other relevant aspects.
For further details please visit: https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=12551&Mode=0
Amendment to Master Direction on Prepaid Payment Instruments (RBI/2023-

24/126CO.DPSS.POLC.No. S1092/02-14-006/2023-2024 dated February 23, 2024)
To provide convenience, speed, affordability, and safety of digital modes of payment to commuters for
transit services, it has been decided to permit authorised bank and non-bank Prepaid Payment Instruments
(PPI) issuers to issue PPIs for making payments across various public transport systems.

Launch of PRAVAAH, RBI Retail Direct Mobile Application and FinTech Repository (Press
release 2024-2025/393 dated May 28, 2024)
Shri Shaktikanta Das, Governor, Reserve Bank of India on May 28, 2024 launched three major
initiatives of the Reserve Bank of India, namely the PRAVAAH portal, the Retail Direct Mobile App
and a FinTech Repository. The PRAVAAH portal will make it convenient for any individual or entity
to apply online for various regulatory approvals in a seamless manner. This portal will also enhance
the efficiency of various processes related to granting of regulatory approvals and clearances by the
Reserve Bank. The Retail Direct Mobile App will provide retail investors a seamless and convenient
access to the retail direct platform and provide ease of transacting in government securities (G-Secs).
The Fintech Repository will contain information on Indian FinTech Sector for a better understanding
of the sector from a regulatory perspective and facilitate in designing appropriate policy approaches.

https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=57990
Framework for Recognising Self-Regulatory Organisation(s) for FinTech Sector (Press

release 2024-2025/403 dated May 30, 2024)
To encourage self-regulation in the FinTech sector, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) had released a
'Draft framework for recognising Self-Regulatory Organisations (SRO) for FinTech Sector' on
January 15, 2024, inviting comments and feedback from the stakeholders. Based on the inputs
received and examination thereof, the 'Framework for Recognising Self-Regulatory Organisation(s)
for FinTech Sector' (SRO-FT framework) has been finalised. In terms of the SRO-FT framework, the
Reserve Bank intends to initiate the process of recognising SRO(s). Accordingly, entities meeting or
intending to meet the eligibility conditions and requirements of the SRO-FT framework may submit
12
an application form along with the required enclosures.

13
Lesson 4 - Regulation of Banking Business
Tokenisation – Card Transactions: Permitting Card-on-File Tokenisation (CoFT) Services

(Notification no. RBI/2021-22/96CO.DPSS.POLC .No.S-516/02-14-003/2021-22 dated
September 07, 2021)
On a review of the tokenisation framework and to enable cardholders to benefit from the security of
tokenised card transactions as also the convenience of CoF, it has been decided to effect the following
enhancements:
• Extend the device-based tokenization framework, CoF Tokenisation (CoFT) as well.

• Permit card issuers to offer card tokenisation services as Token Service Providers2 (TSPs).
• The facility of tokenisation shall be offered by the TSPs only for the cards issued by /
affiliated tothem.
• The ability to tokenise3 and de-tokenise card data shall be with the same TSP.
• Tokenisation of card data shall be done with explicit customer consent requiring Additional
Factor of Authentication (AFA) validation by card issuer.

RBI releases Framework for Facilitating Small Value Digital Payments in Offline Mode
(Notification no. RBI/2021-22/146CO.DPSS.POLC.No.S1264/02-14-003/2021-2022 dated
January 03, 2022)
The Reserve Bank has placed on its website the ‘Framework for facilitating small value digital
payments in offline mode’. The framework incorporates the feedback received from the pilot
experiments on offlinetransactions conducted in different parts of the country during the period from
September 2020 to June 2021. Offline mode of payment can be enabled only after obtaining specific
consent of the customer. Customers shall enjoy protection under the provisions of circulars limiting
customer liability issued by Reserve Bank (as amended from time to time). Customers also have
recourse to the Reserve Bank – Integrated Ombudsman Scheme for grievance redress. Offline
transactions are expected to give a push todigital transactions in areas with poor or weak internet or
telecom connectivity, particularly in semi-urbanand rural areas. The new framework is applicable
with immediate effect.

Interoperable Card-less Cash Withdrawal (ICCW) at ATMs (Notification no. RBI/2022-23/54

CO.DPSS.POLC.No.S-227/02-10-002/2022-23 dated May 19, 2022)
All banks, ATM networks and White Label ATM Operators (WLAOs) may provide the option of
ICCW at their ATMs. NPCI has been advised to facilitate Unified Payments Interface (UPI)
integration with all banks and ATM networks. While UPI would be used for customer authorisation
in such transactions, settlement would be through the National Financial Switch (NFS) / ATM
networks. The on-us / off-us ICCW transactions shall be processed without levy of any charges other
14
than those prescribed under the circular on Interchange Fee and Customer Charges. Withdrawal limits
for ICCW transactions shall be in-line with the limits for regular on-us / off-us ATM withdrawals.
All other instructions related to Harmonisation of Turn Around Time (TAT) and customer
compensation for failed transactions shall continue to be applicable.

Processing of e-mandates for recurring transactions (Notification no.

RBI/2022- 23/73CO. DPSS.POLC.No.S-518/02.14.003/2022-23 dated June 16, 2022)
The e-mandate framework prescribed an Additional Factor of Authentication (AFA), inter alia, while
processing the first transaction in case of e-mandates / standing instructions on cards, prepaid payment
instruments and Unified Payments Interface. For subsequent transactions with transaction values up
to ₹5,000/- (AFA limit), prescription of AFA was waived. On a review of implementation of the e-
mandateframework and the protection available to customers, it has been decided to increase the
aforesaid AFA limit from ₹5,000/- to ₹15,000/- per transaction.

Applications of Online Payment Aggregators received under the Payment and Settlement
Systems Act, 2007 – Status (Press release dated February 15, 2023)
With a view to bringing entities undertaking online Payment Aggregation business within the
regulatory fold, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has issued circulars on “Guidelines on Regulation of
Payment Aggregators and Payment Gateways” (Guidelines). In terms of the Guidelines, online non-
bank Payment Aggregators (PAs) – existing as on March 17, 2020 – were required to apply to RBI by
September 30, 20211 for seeking authorisation under the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007.
All stakeholders are advised to transact with only those existing PAs (a) who have been granted in-
principle authorisation or (b) whose application is currently under process.
Introduction of Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act (FCRA) related transaction code in

NEFT and RTGS Systems (Notification no. RBI/2022-23/178CO.DPSS.RPPD.No.S1931/04-03-
001/2022-23 dated February 16, 2023)
Under the FCRA, 2010 (amended as on September 28, 2020), Foreign Contributions must be received
only in the “FCRA account” of State Bank of India (SBI), New Delhi Main Branch (NDMB). The
contributions to the FCRA account are received directly from foreign banks through SWIFT and from
Indian intermediary banks through NEFT and RTGS systems.
15
Honorable Prime Ministers of India and Singapore Launch Real-time Payment Systems Linkage
between the Two Countries (February 21, 2023)
Hon’ble Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi and Hon’ble Prime Minister of Singapore, Mr.
Lee Hsien Loong on February 21, 2023 witnessed the launch of cross-border linkage between India
and Singapore using their respective Fast Payment Systems, viz. Unified Payments Interface (UPI)
and PayNow. The UPI-PayNow linkage will enable users of the two fast payment systems in either
country to make convenient, safe, instant, and cost-effective cross-border funds transfers using their
respective mobile apps. Funds held in bank accounts or e-wallets can be transferred to / from India
using just the UPI-id, mobile number, or Virtual Payment Address (VPA).
Extending UPI for Inbound Travellers to India (Press release dated February 21, 2023)
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) had announced in the Statement on Developmental and Regulatory
Policies dated February 08, 2023, a facility to enable all in-bound travellers visiting India to make
local payments using Unified Payments Interface (UPI) while they are in India. This facility is made
available from February 21, 2023. To start with, it is available to travelers from G-20 countries, at
select international airports (Bengaluru, Mumbai and New Delhi). Eligible travellers would be issued
Prepaid Payment Instruments (PPI) wallets linked to UPI for making payments at merchant outlets.
Framework for acceptance of Green Deposits (Notifications no. RBI/2023-
24/14DOR.SFG.REC.10/30.01.021/2023-24 dated April 11, 2023)
Climate change has been recognised as one of the most critical challenges faced by the global society
and economy in the 21st century. The financial sector can play a pivotal role in mobilizing resources
and their allocation thereof in green activities/projects. Green finance is also progressively gaining
traction in India. Deposits constitute a major source for mobilizing of funds by the Regulated Entities
(REs). It is seen that some REs are already offering green deposits for financing green activities and
projects. Taking this forward and with a view to fostering and developing green finance ecosystem in
the country, it has been decided to put in place the Framework for acceptance of Green Deposits for
the REs.
Remittances to International Financial Services Centres (IFSCs) under the Liberalised
Remittance Scheme (LRS) (Circular no. RBI/2023-24/21A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No.03 dated
April 26, 2023)
On a review and with an objective to align the LRS for IFSCs set up under the International Financial
Services Centres Authority Act, 2019 vis-à-vis other foreign jurisdictions, it has been decided to
amend the directions under para 2 (ii) of the aforementioned A.P. (DIR Series) Circular dated February
16, 2021, as – “Resident Individuals may also open a Foreign Currency Account (FCA) in IFSCs, for
making the above permissible investments under LRS.” Thus, the condition of repatriating any funds
lying idle in the account for a period up to 15 days from the date of its receipt is withdrawn with
16
immediate effect, which shall now be governed by the provisions of the scheme as contained in the
aforesaid Master Direction on LRS.
Levy of charges on forex prepaid cards/store value cards/travel cards, etc. (Notification no.
RBI/2023-24/29A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 04 dated May 09, 2023)
A few Authorised Persons are levying certain fees/charges, which are payable in India on such
instruments, in foreign currency. It is advised that fees/charges payable in India have to be
denominated and settled in Rupees only.
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Lesson 5 - Banking Operations
Revised Subsidiary General Ledger (SGL) Account Guidelines and Constituents' Subsidiary
General Ledger (CSGL) Account Guidelines (Notification no. RBI/2021-22/107
IDMD.CDD.No.S931/11.22.001/2021-2022 dated October 05, 2021)
The Reserve Bank of India has issued revised Eligibility Criteria and Operational Guidelines for
opening and maintaining of Subsidiary General Ledger (SGL) Accounts and Constituents’
Subsidiary General Ledger (CSGL) Accounts dated September 22, 2021. These Guidelines have been
issued in supersessionto earlier Guidelines dated October 29, 2018.
The entities mentioned below are eligible to open and maintain an SGL account with the Bank:
i. Licensed Banks
ii. Primary Dealers authorised by Reserve Bank of India
iii. Financial institutions as defined in terms of Section 45-I (c) (ii) of the Reserve Bank of
India Act,1934 (2 of 1934)
iv. Central Government
v. State Governments
vi. Insurance Companies regulated by Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority
vii. Mutual Funds regulated by Securities and Exchange Board of India
viii. Provident and Pension Funds and Pension Fund Managers
ix. Foreign Central Banks with prior approval of the Bank
x. Depositories as defined under the Depositories Act 1996
xi. Stock Holding Corporation of India (SHCIL)
xii. Such other entities as may be allowed by the Bank from time to time.

Opening of Current Accounts by Banks - Need for Discipline (Notification no. RBI/2021-
22/116DOR.CRE.REC.63/ 21.04.048 /2021-22 dated October 29, 2021)
On a review and taking into account feedback received from Indian Banks’ Association (IBA) and
otherstakeholders, it has been decided that banks may open current accounts for borrowers who have
availedcredit facilities in the form of cash credit (CC)/ overdraft (OD) from the banking system
subject to certain conditions related to exposure of the banking system.
For borrowers, where the exposure of the banking system is less than ₹5 crore, there is no restriction
onopening of current accounts or on provision of CC/OD facility by banks, subject to obtaining an
undertaking from such borrowers that they shall inform the bank(s), as and when the credit facilities
availed by them from the banking system reaches ₹5 crore or more.
In respect of borrowers where exposure of the banking system is ₹5 crore or more, such borrower
can maintain current accounts with any one of the banks with which it has CC/OD facility, provided
that thebank has at least 10 per cent of the exposure of the banking system to that borrower.
Further, other lending banks may open only collection accounts subject to the condition that funds
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deposited in such collection accounts will be remitted within two working days of receiving such
funds, to the CC/OD account maintained with the above-mentioned bank maintaining current
accounts for theborrower. In case none of the lenders has at least 10% exposure of the banking
system to the borrower,the bank having the highest exposure may open current accounts. Non-
lending banks are not permittedto open current accounts.

Central Payments Fraud Information Registry – Migration of Reporting to DAKSH

(Notification no. RBI/2022-23/158CO.DPSS.OVRST.No.S1619/06-08-005/2022-2023 dated
December 26, 2022)
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) had operationalised the Central Payments Fraud Information
Registry (CPFIR) in March 2020 with reporting of payment frauds by scheduled commercial banks
and non-bank Prepaid Payment Instrument (PPI) issuers. To streamline reporting, enhance efficiency
and automate the payments fraud management process, the fraud reporting module is being migrated
to DAKSH – Reserve Bank’s Advanced Supervisory Monitoring System. The migration will be
effective from January 01, 2023, i.e., entities shall commence reporting of payment frauds in DAKSH
from this date.
RBI Extends Market Trading Hours (Press release dated February 08, 2023)
The trading hours for various markets regulated by the Reserve Bank were amended with effect from
April 07, 2020 in view of the operational dislocations and elevated levels of health risks posed by
COVID-19. It has now been decided to also restore market hours in respect of Government Securities
from 9:00 AM to 3:30 PM to 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM.
Inoperative Accounts /Unclaimed Deposits in Banks- Revised Instructions (Notification no.

RBI/2023-24/105DOR.SOG(LEG).REC/64/ 09.08.024/2023-24 dated January 01, 2024)
As per extant instructions, the credit balance in any deposit account maintained with banks, which have
not been operated upon for ten years or more, or any amount remaining unclaimed for ten years or
more, as mentioned in paragraph 3(iii) of the “Depositor Education and Awareness” (DEA) Fund
Scheme, 2014, are required to be transferred by banks to DEA Fund maintained by the Reserve Bank
of India. As a measure to assist the account holders and with a view to consolidating and rationalising
the extant instructions on inoperative accounts, a review was carried out in consultation with all
stakeholders. Based on the review, it has been decided to issue comprehensive guidelines on the
measures to be put in place by the banks covering various aspects of classifying accounts and deposits
as inoperative accounts and unclaimed deposits, as the case may be, periodic review of such accounts
19
and deposits, measures to prevent fraud in such accounts/deposits, grievance redressal mechanism for
expeditious resolution of complaints, steps to be taken for tracing the customers of inoperative
accounts/ unclaimed deposits including their nominees/legal heirs for re-activation of accounts,
settlement of claims or closure and the process to be followed by them. The revised instructions shall
come into effect from April 1, 2024.

Amendment to the Master Direction (MD) on KYC (Notification no. RBI/2023-

24/107DOR.AML.REC.66/14.01.001/2023-24 dated January 04, 2024)
In order to provide better clarity, it has been decided to include the definition of PEPs as an
explanation to Section 41 of the Master Direction. The definition of PEPs is: “Politically
Exposed Persons” (PEPs) are individuals who are or have been entrusted with prominent public
functions by a foreign country, including the Heads of States/Governments, senior politicians,
senior government or judicial or military officers, senior executives of state-owned corporations and
important political party officials.”

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Lesson 6 - IT in Banking
Reserve Bank of India and Central Bank of the UAE sign MoU to promote innovation in
financial products and services (Press Release dated March 15, 2023)
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates (CBUAE) signed
a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on March 15, 2023 in Abu Dhabi, to enhance cooperation
and jointly enable innovation in financial products and services. Under the MoU, the two central banks
will collaborate on various emerging areas of FinTech, especially Central Bank Digital Currencies
(CBDCs) and explore interoperability between the CBDCs of CBUAE and RBI. CBUAE and RBI
will jointly conduct Proof-of-Concept (PoC) and pilot(s) of bilateral CBDC bridge to facilitate cross-
border CBDC transactions of remittances and trade.
Governor, RBI lays the Foundation Stone of a ‘New Greenfield Data Centre’ and ‘Enterprise
Computing & Cybersecurity Training Institute’ of RBI (Press Release dated March 22, 2023)
Shri Shaktikanta Das, Governor, Reserve Bank of India (RBI), on March 22, 2023 laid the foundation
stone for establishment of a “Greenfield Data Centre’ and ‘Enterprise Computing & Cybersecurity
Training Institute’ in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The Governor in his remarks acknowledged the critical
role played by technology in supporting the activities of the financial sector and the RBI over the years
and recently, in facilitating a robust recovery from the pandemic. He highlighted the need for
augmenting the existing computing infrastructure of the RBI supported by cutting edge facilities for
research and capacity building in emerging areas straddling central banking, technology and
cybersecurity for a future ready RBI.
Enhancing transaction limits for Small Value Digital Payments in Offline Mode (Notification no.
RBI/2023-24/57CO.DPSS.POLC.No.S526/02-14-003/2023-24 dated August 24, 2023)
This has reference to the Reserve Bank of India circular CO.DPSS.POLC.No.S1264 / 02-14-003/2021-
2022 dated January 03, 2022 on “Framework for Facilitating Small Value Digital Payments in Offline
Mode”, the upper limit of an offline payment transaction is increased to ₹500. Other instructions
mentioned in the framework shall continue to remain applicable as before.

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Master Direction on Information Technology Governance, Risk, Controls and Assurance
Practices (Notification No. RBI/2023-24/107DoS. CO.CSITEG/SEC.7/31.01.015/2023-24 dated
November 07, 2023)
A draft Master Direction on the subject was published in October 2022 seeking public comments.
Based on feedback received, the final Reserve Bank of India (Information Technology Governance,
Risk, Controls and Assurance Practices) Directions, 2023 are issued by the Reserve Bank of India.

Processing of e-mandates for recurring transactions (Notification no. RBI/2023-2024/ 88CO. DPSS.
POLC.No.S-882/02.14.003/2023-24 dated December 12, 2023)
A reference is invited to RBI dated June 16, 2022 in terms of which relaxation in Additional Factor of
Authentication (AFA) was permitted while processing e-mandates / standing instructions on cards, Prepaid
Payment Instruments and
Unified Payments Interface, for subsequent recurring transactions with values up to ₹15,000/-, subject to certain
conditions. In this regard, as announced in the Statement on Developmental and Regulatory Policies dated
December 08, 2023, it has been decided to increase the limit from ₹15,000/- to ₹1,00,000/- per transaction for
the following categories: (a) subscription to mutual funds, (b) payment of insurance premiums, and (c) credit
card bill payments.
Enhancing transaction limits for Small Value Digital Payments in Offline Mode (Notification
no. RBI/2023-24/57CO.DPSS.POLC.No.S526/02-14-003/2023-24 dated August 24, 2023)
This has reference to the Reserve Bank of India circular CO.DPSS.POLC.No.S1264 / 02-14-003/2021-
2022 dated January 03, 2022 on “Framework for Facilitating Small Value Digital Payments in Offline
Mode”, the upper limit of an offline payment transaction is increased to ₹500. Other instructions
mentioned in the framework shall continue to remain applicable as before.

Master Direction on Information Technology Governance, Risk, Controls and Assurance

Practices (Notification No. RBI/2023-24/107DoS. CO.CSITEG/SEC.7/31.01.015/2023-24 dated
November 07, 2023)
A draft Master Direction on the subject was published in October 2022 seeking public
comments. Based on feedback received, the final Reserve Bank of India (Information Technology
Governance, Risk, Controls and Assurance Practices) Directions, 2023 are issued by the Reserve Bank
22
of India.

Processing of e-mandates for recurring transactions (Notification no. RBI/2023-2024/88CO.

DPSS. POLC.No.S-882/02.14.003/2023-24 dated December 12, 2023)
A reference is invited to RBI dated June 16, 2022 in terms of which relaxation in Additional Factor of
Authentication (AFA) was permitted while processing e-mandates / standing instructions on cards,
Prepaid Payment Instruments and Unified Payments Interface, for subsequent recurring transactions
with values up to ₹15,000/-, subject to certain conditions. In this regard, as announced in the
Statement on Developmental and Regulatory Policies dated December 08, 2023, it has been decided
to increase the limit from ₹15,000/- to ₹1,00,000/- per transaction for the following categories:
(a) subscription to mutual funds,
(b) payment of insurance premiums, and
(c) credit card bill payments.

Domestic Systemically Important Bank (D-SIB) Framework – Review of the Assessment

Methodology (Press release dated December 28, 2023)
The Reserve Bank had issued the framework for dealing with Domestic Systemically Important Banks
(DSIBs) on July 22, 2014. In terms of this framework, the Bank is required to identify and disclose the
names of banks designated as D-SIBs annually. Further, in terms of the framework, the assessment
methodology, for assessing the systemic importance of banks and identification of the D-SIBs, is
required to be reviewed on a periodic basis. Accordingly, a review of the assessment methodology has
been carried out, taking into consideration the functioning of the framework since its introduction,
international developments in the field of systemic risk measurement, and the experience of other
countries in implementing the D-SIB framework.

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Lesson 10 - Various Government Schemes
General Credit Card (GCC) Facility – Review (Notifications no. RBI/2023-24/19FIDD.MSME

& NFS.BC.No.06/06.02.31/2023-24dated April 25, 2023)
The Reserve Bank of India has reviewed the Revised General Credit Card (GCC) Scheme and issued
revised instructions on GCC. The GCC Scheme shall henceforth be called “General Credit Card (GCC)
Facility”. The instructions shall applyto all banks which are eligible to issue credit cards underthe above
Master Direction. Individuals/entities sanctioned working capital facilities for non-farm
entrepreneurial activities which are eligible for classification under the priority sector guidelines, may
be issued General Credit Cards.
PM Vishwakarma Scheme (Notification no. RBI/2023-24/61 FIDD. CO.MSME. BC. No. 10/
06.02.031 / 2023-24 dated September 13, 2023)
Government of India (GoI) has introduced the ‘PM Vishwakarma Scheme’ which aims to provide
support to artisans and craftspeople to enable them to move up the value chain in their respective trades.
The Scheme envisages, among other measures, credit support to the beneficiaries at concessional
interest rate, with interest subvention support by GoI.

Classification of MSMEs (Notification no. RBI/2023-24/100FIDD.MSME &

NFS.BC.No.13/06.02.31/2023-24 dated December 28, 2023)
As classification / re-classification of MSMEs is the statutory responsibility of Ministry of MSME,

Government of India (GoI) as per the provisions of the MSMED Act, 2006, regulated entities shall be
guided by the notifications issued by the Ministry of MSME in this regard, from time to time.
Accordingly, para 2.2, 2.4 to 2.7 of Master Direction- Lending to Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises
(MSME) Sector are amended.

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Lesson 11 - Consumer Protection
Reserve Bank - Integrated Ombudsman Scheme, 2021 (Ref. CEPD. PRD.

No.S873/13.01.001/2021-22 dated November 12, 2021)
The Reserve Bank - Integrated Ombudsman Scheme, 2021 (the Scheme) was launched on
November 12, 2021 in virtual mode by Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi. The Scheme
integrates the existing three Ombudsman schemes of RBI namely, (i) the Banking Ombudsman
Scheme, 2006; (ii) theOmbudsman Scheme for Non-Banking Financial Companies, 2018; and (iii)
the Ombudsman Scheme for Digital Transactions, 2019. This scheme will provide cost-free redress
of customer complaints involving deficiency in services rendered by entities regulated by RBI, if not
resolved to the satisfactionof the customers or not replied within a period of 30 days by the regulated
entity.
Some of the salient features of the Scheme are:
i. It will no longer be necessary for a complainant to identify under which scheme he/she
should file complaint with the Ombudsman.
ii. The Scheme defines ‘deficiency in service’ as the ground for filing a complaint, with a
specifiedlist of exclusions. Therefore, the complaints would no longer be rejected simply
on account of “not covered under the grounds listed in the scheme”.
iii. The Scheme has done away with the jurisdiction of each ombudsman office.
iv. A Centralised Receipt and Processing Centre has been set up at RBI, Chandigarh for receipt
andinitial processing of physical and email complaints in any language.
v. The responsibility of representing the Regulated Entity and furnishing information in
respect ofcomplaints filed by customers against the Regulated Entity would be that of the
Principal NodalOfficer in the rank of a General Manager in a Public Sector Bank or
equivalent.
vi. The Regulated Entity will not have the right to appeal in cases where an Award is issued
by the ombudsman against it for not furnishing satisfactory and timely
information/documents.

Appointment of Internal Ombudsman by Non-Banking Financial Companies (Notification

no. RBI/2021-2022/126 CO.CEPD.PRS.No.S874/13-01-008/2021-2022 dated November 15,
2021)
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has directed Deposit-taking NBFCs (NBFCs-D) with 10 or more
branches and Non-Deposit taking NBFCs (NBFCs-ND) with asset size of Rs.5,000 crore and above
having public customer interface to appoint Internal Ombudsman (IO) at the apex of their internal
grievance redress mechanism within a period of six months from the date of issue of the direction,
exceptfor certain type of NBFCs.
25
The following types of NBFCs will be excluded from the applicability of this direction:
i. Stand-alone Primary Dealer;
ii. Non-Banking Financial Company - Infrastructure Finance Company (NBFC-IFC);
iii. Core Investment Company (CIC);
iv. Infrastructure Debt Fund - Non-Banking Financial Company (IDF-NBFC);
v. Non-Banking Financial Company – Account Aggregator (NBFC-AA);
vi. NBFC under Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process;
vii. NBFC in liquidation;
viii. NBFC having only captive customers.
An NBFC shall be required to comply with the provisions of this direction as follows:
a) NBFC fulfilling the specified criteria as on date - within six months;
b) NBFC fulfilling the criteria post issue of this direction and NBFC commencing
operations after theissue of this direction – within six months of attaining the specified criteria, as
may be applicable.
Any NBFC which is covered by this direction shall continue to have an IO for a period of three
years after the company falls below the specified thresholds. If the term of the incumbent IO ends
before this three-year period, the NBFC, with the prior approval of RBI, may not appoint another
IO.

Master Direction - Reserve Bank of India (Internal Ombudsman for Regulated Entities)
Directions, 2023 (Notification no. RBI/CEPD/2023-24/108CEPD.PRD. No. S1228/13.01.019/2023-
24 dated December 29, 2023)
A review of Internal Ombudsman schemes has been undertaken by the Reserve Bank in line with the
integration of the erstwhile three RBI Ombudsman Schemes as also with the objective to improve the
customer service standards in regulated entities. The framework reaffirms that the Internal Ombudsman
mechanism should work as envisaged and the Internal Ombudsman shall be positioned as an
independent, apex level authority on consumer grievance redress within the regulated entities.

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Lesson 12 - Loans and Advances
Housing Finance – Loans for repairs/additions/alterations - Enhancement of limits
(Notification no. RBI/2022-23/56 DOR.CRE.REC.18/09.22.010/2022-23 dated May 24, 2022)
The ceiling on loans to individuals for carrying out repairs/additions/alterations to their dwelling
units was Rs.2 lakh in rural and semi-urban areas and Rs.5 lakh in urban areas. The ceiling on
such loans is now revised to Rs.10 lakh in metropolitan centres (those centres with population
of 10 lakh and above)and Rs.6 lakh in other centres.

Individual Housing loans – Enhancement in limits (Notification

no.RBI/2022- 23/68DOR .CRE.REC.42/09.22.010/2022-23 dated June 08, 2022)
It has been decided to revise the limits on individual housing loans sanctioned by urban co-
operative banksto an individual borrower as under:
Existing Limit* (per Revised Limit*
Category of the bank individual (per individual
borrower) borrower)
(a) Tier-I UCBs ₹30 lakh ₹60 lakh
(b) Tier-II UCBs ₹70 lakh ₹140 lakh
*subject to prescribed prudential exposure limits

Formalisation of Informal Micro Enterprises on Udyam Assist Platform (Notification no.

RBI/2023-24/27FIDD.MSME&NFS.BC.No. 09/06.02.31/ 2023-24 dated May 09, 2023)
The Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (‘MSME’), Government of India has launched
the Udyam Assist Platform (UAP) to facilitate formalisation of Informal Micro Enterprises (IMEs)
through online generation of Udyam Assist Certificate. Registration on the platform is done with the
assistance of Designated Agencies which are RBI regulated entities (including scheduled commercial
banks, non-banking financial companies, etc.). The Government of India, has specified that the
certificate issued on the UAP to IMEs shall be treated at par with Udyam Registration Certificate for
the purpose of availing Priority Sector Lending (PSL) benefits.
27
Guidelines on Default Loss Guarantee (DLG) in Digital Lending (Notification no. RBI/ 2023-
24/41 DOR.CRE. REC. 21/21.07.001/2023-24 dated June 08, 2023)
Arrangements between Regulated Entities (REs) and Lending Service Providers (LSPs) or between
two REs involving Default Loss Guarantee (DLG), commonly known as FLDG, has since been
examined by the Bank and it has been decided to permit such arrangements subject to the certain
guidelines. DLG arrangements conforming to these guidelines shall not be treated as ‘synthetic
securitisation’ and/or shall also not attract the provisions of ‘loan participation’.

Fair Lending Practice - Penal Charges in Loan Accounts (Notification no. RBI/2023-
24/53DoR.MCS.REC.28/01.01.001/2023-24 dated August 18, 2023)
Reserve Bank has issued various guidelines to the Regulated Entities (REs) to ensure reasonableness
and transparency in disclosure of penal interest. Under the extant guidelines, lending institutions have
the operational autonomy to formulate Board approved policy for levy of penal rates of interest. It has
been observed that many REs use penal rates of interest, over and above the applicable interest rates,
in case of defaults / non-compliance by the borrower with the terms on which credit facilities were
sanctioned. The intent of levying penal interest/charges is essentially to inculcate a sense of credit
discipline and such charges are not meant to be used as a revenue enhancement tool over and above
the contracted rate of interest. However, supervisory reviews have indicated divergent practices
amongst the REs with regard to levy of penal interest/charges leading to customer grievances and
disputes. RBI has issued instructions for adoption by the Regulated Entities.

Reset of Floating Interest Rate on Equated Monthly Instalments (EMI) based Personal Loans
(Notification no. RBI/2023-24/55DOR.MCS.REC.32/01.01.003/2023-24 dated August 18, 2023)
At the time of sanction of EMI based floating rate personal loans, REs are required to take into account
the repayment capacity of borrowers to ensure that adequate headroom/ margin is available for
elongation of tenor and/ or increase in EMI, in the scenario of possible increase in the external
benchmark rate during the tenor of the loan. However, in respect of EMI based floating rate personal
loans, in the wake of rising interest rates, several consumer grievances related to elongation of loan
tenor and/or increase in EMI amount, without proper communication with and/or consent of the
borrowers have been received. In order to address these concerns, the REs are advised to put in place
an appropriate policy framework meeting the some requirements for implementation and compliance.

28
Operation of Pre-Sanctioned Credit Lines at Banks through Unified Payments Interface (UPI)
(Notification no. RBI/2023-24/ 58CO. DPSS. POLC. No. S-567/02-23-001 / 2023-2024 dated
September 04, 2023)
Currently, savings account, overdraft account, prepaid wallets and credit cards can be linked to UPI.
Now, the scope of UPI is now being expanded by inclusion of credit lines as a funding account. Under
this facility, payments through a pre-sanctioned credit line issued by a Scheduled Commercial Bank
to individuals, with prior consent of the individual customer, are enabled for transactions using the
UPI System. Banks may, as per their Board approved policy, stipulate terms and conditions of use of
such credit lines. The terms may include, among other items, credit limit, period of credit, rate of
interest, etc.

Display of information - Secured assets possessed under the SARFAESI Act, 2002 (Notification
no. RBI/2023-24/63DoR.FIN. REC.41/20.16.003/ 2023-24 dated September 25, 2023)
As a part of the move towards greater transparency, it has been decided that the Regulated Entities
(REs) of the Reserve Bank which are secured creditors as per the Securitisation and Reconstruction
of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest (SARFAESI) Act, 2002, shall display
information in respect of the borrowers whose secured assets have been taken into possession by the
REs under the Act.

MHP Exemption for Transfer of Receivables (Notification no. RBI/2023-

24/99DOR.STR.REC.60/21.04.048/2023-24 dated December 28, 2023)
In order to develop secondary market operations of receivables acquired as part of ‘factoring business’
as defined under the Factoring Regulation Act, 2011, it has been decided that transfer of such
receivables by eligible transferors will be exempted from Minimum Holding Period (MHP)
requirement, subject to fulfilment of certain conditions.

Master Circular- Exposure Norms and Statutory / Other Restrictions– UCBs (Notification no.
RBI/2023-24/114DoR.CRE.REC.71/07.10.002 /2023-24 dated January 16, 2024)
The Reserve Bank of India has issued the Master Circular- Exposure Norms and Statutory / Other
Restrictions –UCBs. As a prudential measure aimed at better risk management and avoidance of
concentration of credit risk, primary (Urban) Co-Operative Banks (UCBs) have been advised to fix
29
limits on their exposure. In addition, these banks are also required to observe certain statutory and
regulatory restrictions in respect of advances against shares, debentures and bonds and investments
in shares, debentures and bonds.

Finances of Panchayati Raj Institutions (Press release dated January 24, 2024)
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released its Report titled “Finances of Panchayati Raj Institutions”.
Drawing upon data on 2.58 lakh Panchayats for the years 2020-21 to 2022-23, it presents an assessment
of their finances and their role in India’s socio-economic development.

30
Lesson 18-Non- Performing Assets
Prudential norms on Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning pertaining

to Advances – Clarifications (Notification no. RBI/2021-2022/158
DOR.STR.REC.85/21.04.048/2021- 22 dated February 15, 2022)
The Reserve Bank of India has received several queries received seeking certain clarifications
related to Prudential norms on Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning, it is
advised as under:
i. The definition of ‘out of order’, as clarified in the Circular, shall be applicable to all loan
productsbeing offered as an overdraft facility, including those not meant for business
purposes and/or whichentail interest repayments as the only credits.
ii. The ‘previous 90 days period’ for determination of ‘out of order’ status of a CC/OD
account shallbe inclusive of the day for which the day-end process is being run.
iii. In case of borrowers having more than one credit facility from a lending institution, loan
accountsshall be upgraded from NPA to standard asset category only upon repayment of
entire arrears of interest and principal pertaining to all the credit facilities.
iv. The circular does not make any changes to the requirements related to reporting of
information toCRILC, which will continue to be governed in terms of extant instructions
forrespective entities.
The circular does not, in any way, interfere with the extant guidelines on implementation
ofInd-ASby NBFCs.

Framework for Compromise Settlements and Technical Write-offs (Notification no.

RBI/2023-24/40 DOR. STR.REC.20/21.04.048/2023-24 dated June 08, 2023)
The Reserve Bank of India has issued various instructions to Regulated Entities (REs) regarding
compromise settlements in respect of stressed accounts from time to time, including the Prudential
Framework for Resolution of Stressed Assets dated June 7, 2019 (“Prudential Framework”), which
recognises compromise settlements as a valid resolution plan. With a view to provide further impetus
to resolution of stressed assets in the system as well as to rationalise and harmonise the instructions
across all REs, as announced in the Statement on Developmental and Regulatory Policies released on
June 8, 2023, it has been decided to issue a comprehensive regulatory framework governing
compromise settlements and technical write-offs covering all the REs. The provisions of this
framework shall be applicable to all REs to which this circular is addressed and shall be without
prejudice to the provisions of the Prudential Framework, or any other guidelines applicable to the REs
on resolution of stressed assets.

31
Master Direction for Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARCs) (Notification no.
RBI/DOR/2024-25/116DoR.FIN.REC.16/26.03. 001/2024-25 dated April 24, 2024)
The Reserve Bank of India has issued the Master Direction – Reserve Bank of India (Asset
Reconstruction Companies) Directions, 2024. The Master Direction consolidates the existing
regulatory guidelines issued to ARCs vide Master Circular on ARCs and Master Direction - Fit
and Proper Criteria for Sponsors – Asset Reconstruction Companies (Reserve Bank) Directions,
2018.

32
Lesson 19 - Final Accounts of Banking Companies
Reserve Bank of India (Financial Statements - Presentation and Disclosures) Directions, 2021
- Reporting of reverse repos with Reserve Bank on the bank’s balance sheet (Notification no.
RBI/2022-23/55 DOR.ACC.REC.No.37/21.04.018/2022-23 dated May 19, 2022)
In order to bring more clarity on the presentation of reverse repo on the balance sheet, it has now
been decided as under:
(a) All type of reverse repos with the Reserve Bank including those under Liquidity
Adjustment Facility shall be presented under sub-item (ii) ‘In Other Accounts’ of item (II)
‘Balances with Reserve Bank of India’ under Schedule 6 ‘Cash and balances with Reserve
Bank of India’.
(b) Reverse repos with banks and other institutions having original tenors up to and inclusive
of 14 days shall be classified under item (ii) ‘Money at call and short notice’ under Schedule
7 ‘Balances with banksand money at call and short notice’.
(c) Reverse repos with banks and other institutions having original tenors more than 14 days
shall be classified under Schedule 9 – ‘Advances’ under the following heads:
i. A.(ii) ‘Cash credits, overdrafts and loans repayable on demand’
ii. B.(i) ‘Secured by tangible assets’
iii. C.(I).(iii) Banks (iv) ‘Others’ (as the case may be)
Reserve Bank of India (Financial Statements - Presentation and Disclosures) Directions, 2021 -
Disclosure of material items (Notification no. RBI/2022-23/155
DOR.ACC.REC.No.91/21.04.018/2022-23 dated December 13, 2022)
In order to ensure greater transparency, it has been decided that banks shall also disclose the particulars
of all such items in the notes to accounts wherever any item under the Schedule 5(IV)-Other Liabilities
and Provisions-“Others (including provisions)” or Schedule 11(VI)-Other Assets-“Others” exceeds
one per cent of the total assets. Payments Banks shall also disclose particulars of all such items in the
notes to accounts, wherever any item under the Schedule 14(I)-Other Income-“Commission, Exchange
and Brokerage” exceeds one per cent of the total income. These instructions are applicable to all
commercial banks. These instructions shall come into effect for disclosures in the notes to the annual
financial statements for the year ending March 31, 2023 and onwards.
Reserve Bank of India (Financial Statements - Presentation and Disclosures) Directions, 2021 –
Disclosures for State Co-operative Banks and Central Co-operative Banks (Notification no.
RBI/2022-23/181DOR.ACC.REC.No. 103/21.04.018/2022-23 dated February 20, 2023)
The Reserve Bank of India (Financial Statements-Presentation and Disclosures) Directions, 2021 are
applicable to Commercial Banks and Primary Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs). They harmonize
33
the regulatory instructions on presentation and disclosure in financial statements across the banking
sector. In consultation with the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), it
has now been decided to make this Master Direction also applicable to State Cooperative Banks and
Central Cooperative Banks.
Implementation of Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) (Notification no. RBI/2022-
23/182DOR.ACC.REC.No.104/21.07.001/2022-23 dated February 20, 2023)
It has been observed that consequent to the implementation of Ind AS, some Asset Reconstruction
Companies (ARCs) have been recognising management fees even though the said fee had not been
realised for more than 180 days. To address the prudential concerns arising from continued recognition
of unrealised income, it has been decided that ARCs preparing their financial statements as per Ind
AS, shall reduce the unrealized Management fee from their net owned funds while calculating the
Capital Adequacy Ratio and the amount available for payment of dividend.
Reserve Bank of India (Financial Statements - Presentation and Disclosures) Directions, 2021:
Presentation of unclaimed liabilities transferred to Depositor Education and Awareness (DEA)
Fund (Notification no. RBI/2023-24/71DOR.ACC.47/21.04.018/2023-24 dated October 25, 2023)
To ensure consistency in presentation of financial statements, it is advised that all co-operative banks
shall present all unclaimed liabilities (where the amount due has been transferred to DEA Fund) under
“Contingent Liabilities – Others”. These instructions are applicable to all commercial and cooperative
banks for preparation of financial statements for the financial year ending March 31, 2024 and onwards.

Investments in Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs) (Notification no. RBI/2023-24/90DOR.STR.REC.58

/21.04.048/2023-24 dated December 19, 2023)
Regulated Entities (REs) make investments in units of AIFs as part of their regular investment operations.
However, certain transactions of REs involving AIFs that raise regulatory concerns have come to our notice.
These transactions entail substitution of direct loan exposure of REs to borrowers, with indirect exposure through
investments in units of AIFs. In order to address concerns relating to possible evergreening through this route,
RBI has issued advisory for REs related to AIFs.

34
CIMS Project Implementation -Submission of Statutory Returns (Form A, Form VIII and Form
IX) on CIMS Portal (Notification no. RBI/2024-25/16DoR.RET.REC.12/12.01.001/2024-25 dated
April 15, 2024)
Following the launch of Reserve Bank’s next generation data warehouse, viz., the Centralised
Information Management System (CIMS), RBI has decided to shift the submission of Form A, Form
VIII and Form IX Returns from the XBRL Portal to the CIMS Portal. Banks shall, accordingly, submit
the fortnightly Form A Return from the Reporting Friday June 14, 2024, monthly Form VIII Return
from May 2024 and the annual Form IX Return from December 31, 2024 respectively on the
CIMS Portal only.

https://website.rbi.org.in/web/rbi/-/notifications/cimsproject-implementationsubmission-of-
tatutoryreturns-form-a-formviii-and-form-ix-oncims-portal-1
35
Lesson 20 - Risk Management in Banks and Basel Accords
Large Exposures Framework (LEF) – Credit Risk Mitigation (CRM) for offsetting – non-
centrallycleared derivative transactions of foreign bank branches in India with their Head
Office (Notification no. RBI/2021-22/97DOR.CRE. REC.47/ 21.01.003/2021-22 dated
September 09, 2021)
It is advised that the Indian branches of foreign banks shall be permitted to reckon
cash/unencumberedapproved securities, the source of which is interest-free funds from Head Office
or remittable surplus retained in Indian books (reserves), held with RBI under 11(2)(b)(i) of the
Banking Regulation Act,1949as CRM, for offsetting the gross exposure of the foreign bank branches
in India to the Head Office (including overseas branches) for the calculation of LEF limit, subject
to the subject to the following conditions:
i. The amount so held shall be over and above the other regulatory and statutory
requirements andshall be certified by the statutory auditors.
ii. The amount so held shall not be included in regulatory capital. (i.e., no double counting
of the fund placed under Section 11(2) as both capital and CRM). Accordingly, while
assessing the capital adequacy of a bank, the amount will form part of regulatory adjustments
made to Common Equity Tier 1 Capital.
iii. The bank shall furnish an undertaking as on March 31 every year to the Department
of Supervision (DoS), RBI that the balance reckoned as CRM for the purpose will be
maintained on a continuous basis.
iv. The CRM shall be compliant with the principles/conditions prescribed in paragraph 7
in the Master Circular – Basel III Capital Regulations dated July 1, 2015 as amended from time
to time.
Master Direction – Prudential Norms on Capital Adequacy for Local Area Banks (Directions),
2021 (Notification no. RBI/DOR/2021-22/87DOR.CAP.REC.No.61/ 21.01.002/2021-22 dated
October 26, 2021)
The Reserve Bank of India has, from time to time, issued several guidelines / instructions / directives
toLocal Area Banks on Prudential Norms on Capital Adequacy. To enable Local Area Banks to have
current instructions at one place, a Master Direction, incorporating all the existing guidelines
/ instructions / directives on the subject, has been prepared for reference of the banks.
This Master Direction covers instructions regarding the components of capital and the capital
required to be provided for by banks for credit and market risks. These Directions serve to specify
the prudentialnorms from the point of view of capital adequacy. Permission for LABs to undertake
transactions in specific instruments/products shall be guided by the regulations, instructions and
guidelines on the same issued by Reserve Bank from time to time.
36
Banks are required to maintain a minimum Capital to Risk Weighted Assets Ratio (CRAR) of 9 per
centon an ongoing basis. The capital funds shall consist of the sum of Tier I Capital and Tier II
Capital.
Tier I capital shall consist:
i. Paid-up capital (ordinary shares), statutory reserves, and other disclosed free reserves, if any;
ii. Perpetual Non-cumulative Preference Shares (PNCPS) eligible for inclusion as Tier I capital;
iii.Perpetual Debt Instruments (PDI) eligible for inclusion as Tier I capital; and
iv. Capital reserves representing surplus arising out of sale proceeds of assets.
Tier II capital shall consist of undisclosed reserves, revaluation reserves, general provisions and loss
reserves, hybrid debt capital instruments, subordinated debt and investment reserve account as
explainedhereunder:
(a) Undisclosed Reserves: Undisclosed Reserves shall be included in Tier II capital,

if they representaccumulations of post-tax profits and are not encumbered by any known
liability and shall not be routinely used for absorbing normal loss or operating losses.
(b) Revaluation Reserves: Revaluation Reserves shall be subject to a discount of 55

per cent while determining their value for inclusion in Tier II capital. Such reserves shall
be reflected on the face of the Balance Sheet as Revaluation Reserves.
(c) General Provisions and Loss Reserves: General Provisions and Loss Reserves
shall be included in Tier II capital provided they are not attributable to the actual
diminution in value or identifiable potential loss in any specific asset and areavailable to
meet unexpected losses. Adequate care shall be taken to ensure that sufficient provisions
have been made to meet all known losses and foreseeable potential losses before
considering generalprovisions and loss reserves to be part of Tier II capital.
General provisions and loss reserves shall be admitted up to a maximum of 1.25 percent of total risk
weighted assets.
General provisions/loss reserves shall include:-
(a) 'Floating Provisions' held by the banks, which is general in nature and not made
against anyidentified assets.
(b) Excess provisions which arise on sale of NPAs
(c) General provisions on standard assets
(d) Investment Reserve Account as disclosed in Schedule 2- Reserves & Surplus under
the head“Revenue and Other Reserves” in the Balance Sheet
(d) Hybrid Debt Capital Instruments: The following instruments shall be eligible
for inclusion in Upper Tier II capital:
(i) Debt capital instruments subject to compliance with minimum specified

37
regulatory requirements.
(ii) Perpetual Cumulative Preference Shares (PCPS) / Redeemable Non-

Cumulative Preference Shares (RNCPS) / Redeemable Cumulative Preference
Shares (RCPS) subject to compliance with minimumregulatory requirements.
(e) Subordinated Debt : Rupee-subordinated debt shall be eligible for inclusion in

Tier II capital, subject to certain terms andconditions.

Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) Framework for Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCB)
(Notification no. RBI/2021-22/118DOS.CO.PPG.SEC.No.4/11. 01.005/2021-22 dated
November 02, 2021)
The existing PCA Framework for SCBs has since been reviewed and revised. The objective of the
PCAFramework is to enable Supervisory intervention at appropriate time and require the Supervised
Entityto initiate and implement remedial measures in a timely manner, so as to restore its financial
health. ThePCA Framework is also intended to act as a tool for effective market discipline. The PCA
Framework does not preclude the Reserve Bank of India from taking any other action as it deems
fit at any time, inaddition to the corrective actions prescribed in the Framework. The provisions of
the revised PCA Framework will be effective from January 1, 2022.
Capital, Asset Quality and Leverage will be the key areas for monitoring in the revised framework.
Indicators to be tracked for Capital, Asset Quality and Leverage would be CRAR/ Common Equity
TierI Ratio, Net NPA Ratio and Tier I Leverage Ratio respectively.

Operational Risk Management: Price / Yield range setting in e-Kuber (RBI/2022-

23/163IDMD.No.S2800/08.02.032/2022-23 dated January 11, 2023)
The “Price / Yield range setting” facility provided on the e-Kuber platform is a risk management
measure. This facility allows a market participant to define a range i.e., a maximum and a minimum
value for bids they intend to submit in an auction. The range can be set in either price or yield terms,
for each security in every auction, which can be set before the auction and can also be modified during
the auction.
38
Governance, Measurement and Management of Interest Rate Risk in Banking Book
(Notification no. RBI/2022-23/180DOR.MRG.REC.102/00-00-009/2022-23 Dated February 17,
2023)
Interest Rate Risk in Banking Book (IRRBB) refers to the current or prospective risk to banks’ capital
and earnings arising from adverse movements in interest rates that affect its banking book positions.
Excessive IRRBB can pose a significant risk to banks’ current capital base and/or future earnings.
These guidelines, accordingly, require banks to measure, monitor, and disclose their exposure to
IRRBB. The final guidelines on Interest Rate Risk in Banking Book (IRRBB), in alignment with the
revised framework issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) on February 17,
2023.
Master Direction on Minimum Capital Requirements for Operational Risk (Notification no.
RBI/DOR/2023-24/103DOR.ORG.REC.22/21.06.050/2023-24 dated June 26, 2023)
The Reserve Bank of India being satisfied that it is necessary and expedient in the public interest to do
so, hereby issues the Master Direction on Minimum Capital Requirements for Operational Risk. All
existing approaches viz. Basic Indicator Approach (BIA), The Standardised Approach (TSA)/
Alternative Standardised Approach (ASA) and Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA) for
measuring minimum Operational Risk Capital (ORC) requirements shall be replaced by the new
Standardised Approach with coming into effect of these Directions. The provisions of these Directions
shall apply to all Commercial Banks (excluding Local Area Banks, Payments Banks, Regional Rural
Banks, and Small Finance Banks).

Master Direction - Reserve Bank of India (Prudential Regulations on Basel III Capital
Framework, Exposure Norms, Significant Investments, Classification, Valuation and Operation
of Investment Portfolio Norms and Resource Raising Norms for All India Financial Institutions)
Directions, 2023 (Notification no. RBI/DoR/2023-24/ 105DoR.FIN.REC.40/01.02.000/2023-24
dated September 21, 2023)
The Reserve Bank of India being satisfied that it is necessary and expedient in the public interest and
in the interest of financial sector policy so to do, issued the Master Direction - Reserve Bank of India
(Prudential Regulations on Basel III Capital Framework, Exposure Norms, Significant Investments,
Classification, Valuation and Operation of Investment Portfolio Norms and Resource Raising Norms
for All India Financial Institutions).
https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/notification/PDFs/105MDPRUDENTIALREGULATIONSAIFISCF49
0815D13A4EE9BD3D48B79DD89285.PDF
Reserve Bank of India (Financial Benchmark Administrators) Directions, 2023 (Notification no.
39
RBI/2023-24/98FMRD.FMSD.07/03.07.35/2023-24 dated December 28, 2023)
The Financial Benchmark Administrators (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2019 dated June 26, 2019
have been reviewed to put in place a holistic risk-based framework covering all benchmark
administrators in financial markets regulated by the Reserve Bank. These Directions have been issued
in exercise of the powers conferred under section 45W of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 read with
section 45U of the Act and of all the powers enabling it in this behalf.
Risk Management and Inter-Bank Dealings – Hedging of foreign exchange risk (Notification no.
RBI/2023-24/108A. P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 13 dated January 05, 2024)
The foreign exchange risk management facilities have been reviewed based on the feedback received
from market participants and experience gained since the revised framework came into force. Also, the
Directions in respect of all types of foreign exchange transactions (including cash, tom and spot) have
been consolidated and some of the existing directions are suspended by the RBI. The revised Directions
shall come into effect from April 05, 2024, replacing the existing Directions in Part A (Section I) of the
Master Direction – Risk Management and Interbank Dealings dated July 5, 2016.

Guidance Note on Operational Risk Management and Operational Resilience (Notification no.
RBI/2024-25/31DOR.ORG.REC.21/14.10.001/2024-25 dated April 30, 2024)
The Reserve Bank of India has placed on its website “Guidance Note on Operational Risk
Management and Operational Resilience’’. This Guidance Note aligns the Reserve Bank of India’s
regulatory guidance with the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) Principles, viz., (a)
‘Revisions to the Principles for the Sound Management of Operational Risk’ and (b) ‘Principles for
Operational Resilience’ (both issued in March 2021), while adopting the global best practices including
those on operational resilience.

Master Direction – Risk Management and Inter-Bank Dealings: Amendments (Notification no.
RBI/2024-25/32A. P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 04 dated May 03, 2024)
Standalone Primary Dealers (SPDs) have been granted authorisation under Section 10(1) of the Foreign
Exchange Management Act (FEMA), 1999 pursuant to notification no. DNBR (PD)
CC.No.094/03.10.001/2018-19 July 27, 2018. Accordingly, amendments are being made in the Master
Direction to reflect the applicability of the provisions to SPDs.

40
Lesson 21-Audits in Banks
(This lesson has been inserted in study material for information purposes only)
Risk Based Internal Audit (RBIA) Framework – Strengthening Governance arrangements

(Notification No. RBI/2020-21/83 Ref. No.DoS.CO.PPG./SEC.04/11.01.005/2020-21 dated
January07, 2021)
In terms of the Guidance Note on Risk-Based Internal Audit issued by RBI, banks, inter alia, are
requiredto put in place a Risk Based Internal Audit (RBIA) system as part of their internal control
framework that relies on a well-defined policy for internal audit, functional independence with
sufficient standing and authority within the bank, effective channels of communication, adequate
audit resources with sufficient professional competence, among others.

Risk-Based Internal Audit (RBIA) (Notification no.

RBI/2020- 21/88Ref.No.DoS.CO.PPG./SEC.05/11.01. 005/2020-21
dated February 03, 2021)
Earlier Risk-Based Internal Audit (RBIA) system was mandated for all Scheduled Commercial
Banks (except Regional Rural Banks) now it has been decided to mandate RBIA framework for:
(a) All deposit taking Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs), irrespective of their size and
all Non-deposit taking NBFCs (including Core Investment Companies) with asset size of
Rs.5,000 crore and above; and
(b) Primary (Urban) Co-operative Banks (All UCBs having asset size of Rs.500 crore and above).
For more details: https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=12018&Mode=0
Guidelines for Appointment of Statutory Central Auditors (SCAs)/Statutory Auditors (SAs)

of Commercial Banks (excluding RRBs), UCBs and NBFCs (including HFCs) (Notification no.
RBI/2021-22/25Ref.No.DoS.CO.ARG/SEC.01/08.91.001/2021-22 dated April 27, 2021)
These guidelines will be applicable to the Commercial Banks (excluding RRBs), UCBs and NBFCs
including HFCs for Financial Year 2021-22 and onwards in respect of appointment / reappointment
of SCAs / SAs1 of the Entities. However, non-deposit taking NBFCs with asset size2 below ₹1,000
crore have the option to continue with their extant procedure. As RBI guidelines regarding
appointment of SCAs / SAs shall be implemented for the first time for UCBs and NBFCs from FY
2021-22, they shall have the flexibility to adopt these guidelines from H2 (second half) of FY 2021-
22 in order to ensure that there is no disruption.

41
Risk Based Internal Audit (RBIA) (Notification no. RBI/2021-22/53DoS.CO.PPG.SEC/03
/11.01.005/ 2021-22 dated June 11, 2021)
It has been decided by the Reserve Bank of India that the provisions of the Risk Based Internal Audit
(RBIA) circular dated February 03, 2021 shall be applicable to Housing Finance Companies (HFCs)
also, as stipulated below:
a. All deposit taking HFCs, irrespective of their size

b. Non-deposit taking HFCs with asset size of ₹5,000 crore and above
The above-mentioned entities shall put in place a RBIA framework by June 30, 2022.

42

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SUPPLEMENT

Banking - Law & Practice

Lesson Name Page no.

Registration of Factors (Reserve Bank) Regulations, 2022 (Notification No.

For further details please visit:

Implementation of ‘Core Financial Services Solution’ by Non-Banking Financial

For further details please visit:

For further details please visit:

For further details please visit:

Liquidity Adjustment Facility- Change in rates (Notification no. RBI/2022-23/42

For further details please visit:

Maintenance of Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) (Notification no. RBI/2022-

For further details please visit:

For further details please visit:

Review of Regulatory Framework for IDF-NBFCs (Notification no. RBI/2023-

For further details please visit:

Reserve Bank of India (Classification, Valuation and Operation of Investment Portfolio of

For further details please visit:

For further details please visit:

Credit/Investment Concentration Norms – Credit Risk Transfer (Notification no. RBI/2023-

For further details please visit:

Guidelines on Appointment / Reappointment of Statutory Auditors of State Co-operative

For further details please visit:

For further details please visit:

For further details please visit:

For further details please visit:

Foreign Exchange Management (Mode of Payment and Reporting of Non-Debt Instruments)

For further details please visit:

Foreign Exchange Management (Foreign Currency Accounts by a person resident in India)

For further details please visit:

Revised Regulatory Framework - Categorization of Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs) for

Guidelines on Acquisition and Holding of Shares or Voting Rights in Banking Companies

For further details please visit: https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=12440&Mode=0

For further details please visit:

Appointment of Whole-Time Director(s) (Notification no. RBI/2023-

For further details please visit: https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=12551&Mode=0

Amendment to Master Direction on Prepaid Payment Instruments (RBI/2023-

For further details please visit:

For further details please visit:

Framework for Recognising Self-Regulatory Organisation(s) for FinTech Sector (Press

For further details please visit:

Tokenisation – Card Transactions: Permitting Card-on-File Tokenisation (CoFT) Services

• Extend the device-based tokenization framework, CoF Tokenisation (CoFT) as well.

For further details please visit:

For further details please visit:

Interoperable Card-less Cash Withdrawal (ICCW) at ATMs (Notification no. RBI/2022-23/54

For further details please visit:

Processing of e-mandates for recurring transactions (Notification no.

For further details please visit:

Introduction of Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act (FCRA) related transaction code in

For further details please visit:

For further details please visit:

Central Payments Fraud Information Registry – Migration of Reporting to DAKSH

Inoperative Accounts /Unclaimed Deposits in Banks- Revised Instructions (Notification no.

For further details please visit:

Amendment to the Master Direction (MD) on KYC (Notification no. RBI/2023-

For further details please visit:

For further details please visit:

For further details please visit:

For further details please visit: https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=12570&Mode=0