INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 2440

Fourth edition
2019-10

Flexible and rigid cellular polymeric

materials — Accelerated ageing tests
Matériaux polymères alvéolaires souples et rigides — Essais de
vieillissement accéléré

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ISO 2440:2019
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Reference number
ISO 2440:2019(E)

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ISO 2440:2019(E)


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ISO 2440:2019
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Contents Page

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Apparatus...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4.1 For dry heat ageing............................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4.2 For humidity ageing............................................................................................................................................................................. 2
4.3 For physical –property measurements............................................................................................................................... 2
5 Test pieces.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
5.1 Number, size and shape.................................................................................................................................................................... 2
5.2 Conditioning............................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
6 Procedure..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
6.1 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
6.2 Dry heat ageing........................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
6.2.1 Temperature......................................................................................................................................................................... 3
6.2.2 Duration of ageing........................................................................................................................................................... 3
6.3 Humidity ageing...................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
6.3.1 Humidity.................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
6.3.2 Temperatures and duration of ageing............................................................................................................ 3
6.4 iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
Reconditioning......................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
7 (standards.iteh.ai)
Expression of results......................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
7.1 Calculation................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
7.2 Format.............................................................................................................................................................................................................
ISO 2440:2019 4
8 Test report.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www​.iso​.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www​.iso​.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
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World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www​.iso​
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products,
Subcommittee SC 4, Products (others than hoses). ISO 2440:2019
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This fourth edition cancels and replaces the 4d653537bb0f/iso-2440-2019
third edition (ISO 2440:1997), of which it constitutes a minor
revision to incorporate the Amendments ISO 2440:1997/Amd.1:2010 and ISO 2440:1997/Amd.2:2014.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www​.iso​.org/members​.html.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2440:2019(E)

Flexible and rigid cellular polymeric materials —

Accelerated ageing tests
WARNING — Persons using this document should be familiar with normal laboratory practice.
This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its
use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to
determine the applicability of any other restrictions.

1 Scope
This document specifies, for flexible and rigid cellular polymeric materials, laboratory procedures
which are intended to imitate the effects of naturally occurring reactions such as oxidation or hydrolysis
by humidity. The physical properties of interest are measured before and after the application of the
specified treatments.
Test conditions are only given for open cellular latex, both open- and closed-cell polyurethane foams,
and closed-cell polyolefin foams. Conditions for other materials will be added as required.
The effect of the ageing procedures on any of the physical properties of the material can be examined,
but those normally tested are either the elongation and tensile properties, or the compression or
indentation hardness properties.
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These tests do not necessarily correlate either with service behaviour or with ageing by exposure to light.
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If desired, the ageing conditions contained in this document can be applied to composite structures
containing any of the above types of cellular ISOmaterial.
2440:2019This can be helpful in the investigation of possible
interactions between cellular materials and other substrates. Composite constructions can be in the
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form of complete finished products or representative small specimens cut there-from
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2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 23529, Rubber — General procedures for preparing and conditioning test pieces for physical test methods

3 Terms and definitions

No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:​//www​.iso​.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:​//www​.electropedia​.org/

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4 Apparatus

4.1 For dry heat ageing

4.1.1 Oven, with forced circulation, capable of maintaining the required temperature to within ± 3 °C.

It is recommended that a device be used to record the temperature, preferably continuously.

4.2 For humidity ageing

4.2.1 Ageing apparatus, of such a size that the total volume of the test pieces does not exceed 10 % of
the free air space, and such that the test pieces are free of strain, freely exposed to the ageing atmosphere
on all sides and not exposed to light.

4.2.2 Steam autoclave or similar vessel, capable of maintaining the required temperature to
within ± 3 °C and of withstanding absolute pressures up to 300 kPa.

4.2.3 Glass vessel, with a suitable closure, and a water-bath or drying oven for heating the vessel,
capable of maintaining the required temperature to within ± 3 °C.

4.3 For physical –property measurements

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Use apparatus appropriate to the measurements of the physical property to be examined.

5 Test pieces
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5.1 Number, size and https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/657e89bb-330c-4e91-8d22-
shape
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The number of test pieces, and their size and shape, shall be appropriate to the property being examined.
They shall be prepared, before ageing, to the dimensions used in the particular test.

5.2 Conditioning
Material shall not be tested less than 72 h after manufacture, unless at either 16 h or 48 h after
manufacture it can be demonstrated that the mean result does not differ by more than ± 10 % from
those obtained after 72 h. Testing is permitted at either 16 h or 48 h if, at the specified time, the above
criterion has been satisfied.
Prior to the test, the test pieces shall be conditioned, undeflected and undistorted, for at least 16 h in
one of the following atmospheres as given in ISO 23529:
— 23 °C ± 2 °C, (50 ± 5) % relative humidity;
— 27 °C ± 2 °C, (65 ± 5) % relative humidity.
This period can form the latter part of the period following manufacture.
It is recommended that for reference purposes the test be performed 7 days or more after the cellular
material has been manufactured.

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6 Procedure

6.1 General
After conditioning, the test of the required physical property shall be performed and the test pieces
shall be brought rapidly to the ageing condition. If the test to be performed is destructive, for example
the examination of tensile properties, it is recommended that the tests on both reference and aged
material be performed at the same time, that is after the exposure of the latter to the ageing conditions.
The ageing conditions shall be chosen from the following alternatives which should be appropriate to
the material under test. It is recommended that materials differing in chemical composition should not
be aged in the same enclosure. If a finished product is being studied for interaction effects, ensure that
the test enclosure contains only that finished product test specimen.

6.2 Dry heat ageing

6.2.1 Temperature

Polyolefin 70 °C

Latex 70 °C or 100 °C

Polyurethane 80 °C, 125 °C or 140 °C

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The use of the non-standard temperature of 140 °C is included for the following technical reason: the
temperature of the ageing test should be as high as possible to enable results to be obtained in the
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minimum time, but above this critical temperature the changes which occur when polyurethane foam
is tested are not those which are found in service, so that the ageing test will no longer discriminate
between foams of different behaviour in service. ISO 2440:2019
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6.2.2 Duration of ageing 4d653537bb0f/iso-2440-2019

Use 16 h, 22 h, 72 h, 96 h, 168 h, 240 h or some multiple of 168 h, with a tolerance ± 5 %, but not more
than ± 4 h.

6.3 Humidity ageing

6.3.1 Humidity

Use 100 % relative humidity or saturated steam.

6.3.2 Temperatures and duration of ageing

Material Conditions

Polyurethane (all types) 85 °C for 20 h or 105 °C for 3 h

Polyurethane (polyether only) 120 °C for 5 h

Tolerance on temperature: ± 3 °C

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Tolerance on duration of ageing: +5 % but not more than ± 2 h, the time being measured from the time
when the air in the vessel has been replaced by water vapour or steam.
NOTE In this test for resistance to hydrolysis, the use of the non-standard temperatures of 105 °C and 120 °C
is included for the following technical reasons: 105 °C is used because this temperature requires the use of a
closed vessel so that control of the conditions is better than at the alternative of 100 °C; 120 °C is used because
much experimental evidence has been accumulated at this temperature, but little or none at the alternative of
125 °C. Until these background data are collected it is not considered possible to change to 125 °C.

6.4 Reconditioning
After exposure to the ageing conditions, test pieces undergoing humidity ageing shall be dried at
70 °C ± 3 °C for 3 h per 25 mm of thickness, subject to a minimum of 3 h. The humidity-aged test pieces
shall then be reconditioned in the atmosphere specified in 4.2 for 3 h per 25 mm of thickness. Dry-heat-
aged test pieces shall merely undergo the reconditioning procedure.
After reconditioning, the properties of the aged test pieces shall be tested.

7 Expression of results

7.1 Calculation
The percentage change in the property being examined is given by the formula

Xa − X0
× 100
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X0 (standards.iteh.ai)
where
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X0 is the average value of the property before ageing;
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Xa is the average value of the property after ageing.

7.2 Format
The value of the percentage change shall be stated, followed by the test condition in parentheses, in
order time, temperature and method.
EXAMPLE  

Value % (16 h, 70 °C, dry heat)

8 Test report
The test report shall contain the following information:
a) a reference to this document including its year of publication;
b) a description of the material or composite construction;
c) the procedure and conditions used;
d) the average final value of the property of the cellular material;
e) the percentage change in property, expressed as indicated in Clause 6;
f) the date of the test;

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g) any deviations from this document.

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