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    Rise of Nationalism in Europe Important Questions

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    Rise of Nationalism in Europe Important Questions

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    of 34

    The first clear expression of nationalism came with:

    a The American Revolution

    b The Industrial Revolution

    c The French Revolution

    d The Russian Revolution


    “When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches
    cold”. Who among the following said this popular
    line?

    A. Guiseppe Mazzini

    B. Metternich

    C. Otto Von Bismarck

    D. Giuseppe Garibaldi
    Explain any four reasons how the initial enthusiasm of
    the people of France soon turned to hostility after
    Napoleon’s takeover of France.

    Initial enthusiasm of the people of France soon turned


    to hostility after Napoleon’s takeover of France because
    people gradually understood that the new
    administrative arrangements did not go hand in hand
    with political freedom.

    1. Increased taxation on people.

    2. Strict censorship on printing media and books.

    3. Forced recruitment into the French Armies to


    satisfy the imperialist ambition.

    4. Restriction on Freedom.
    A custom union that was formed in 1834 at the
    initiative of Prussia and joined by most of the
    German states are called:

    A. Zollverein

    B. Plebiscite

    C. Utopian

    D. All of these
    “The decade of 1830 had brought great economic hardship in Europe”.
    Support the statement with arguments.

    ● The first half of the 19th century saw OVERPOPULATION.

    ● There was scarcity of jobs & few employment opportunities.

    ● MIGRATION : Population from rural areas migrated to the


    cities in search of jobs. They lived in overcrowded slums.

    ● Small producers in towns faced stiff competition from imports


    of cheap machine goods from England.

    ● The rise of food prices or a year of bad harvest, added to the


    miseries of the common man
    What was the mission of french revolutionaries?

    a To liberate Europeans from despotism

    b To enslave the people of Europe

    c To continue with monarchy as a political system

    d Both (B) & (C)


    What does la patrie mean?

    a The Citizen

    b The Fatherland

    c The Motherland

    d The Country
    “Nationalism no longer retained its idealistic
    liberal-democratic sentiment of the first half of the century,
    but became a narrow creed with limited ends.”. Analyse the
    statement with taking the example of Balkan.
    LAST QUARTER OF THE
    NINETEENTH sentiment
    Nationalism no longer retained its idealistic liberal-democratic CENTURYof the
    first half of the century, but became a narrow creed with limited ends.

    Nationalist groups became increasingly intolerant of each other and ever


    ready to go to war.

    The major European powers, manipulated the nationalist aspirations of the


    subject peoples in Europe to further their own imperialist aims.

    For e.g. Balkans was a area of geographical and ethnic diversity. The Balkan states
    were fiercely jealous of each other and each hoped to gain more territory at the
    expense of the others.

    During this time, major European nations competed to gain control over the
    Balkans. Rivalries among Russia, Germany, England, Austro-Hungary, was over
    trade & colonies as well as naval and military might.

    Result- a series of wars in the region and finally the First World War.
    “Conservative regimes set up in 1815 were autocratic”. Elaborate
    that in 3 points
    Conservative regimes set up in 1815 were
    autocratic

    Conservative regimes set up in 1815 were


    autocratic. This means:

    1. That they did not tolerate criticism


    and dissent.

    2. Sought to curb activities that


    questioned their legitimacy

    3. Imposed censorship
    Napoleon Code usually known as:

    a The Civil Code of 1805

    b The Civil Code of 1806

    c The Civil Code of 1803

    d The Civil Code of 1804


    Which class emerged during the industrialisation in Europe?

    a Commercial Class

    b Middle Class

    c Working Class

    d All of the above


    WHY DID THE INITIAL ENTHUSIASM OF THE PEOPLE OF EUROPE
    TURNED INTO HOSTILITY FOR NAPOLEON?
    Initial enthusiasm soon
    turned to hostility

    ● Lack of political freedom

    ● Increased taxation

    ● Forced conscription into the


    French armies

    ● Censorship
    Which of the following was not the feature of the
    Napoleonic Code?

    A. RIGHT TO PROPERTY

    B. UNIVERSAL ADULT FRANCHISE

    C. EFFICIENT TRANSPORT

    D. EQUALITY BEFORE LAW


    Who among the following was proclaimed as the
    first German Emperor in 1871?

    A. William II

    B. Friedrich William I

    C. William I

    D. Friedrich William II
    How did the French revolutionaries created a sense
    of collective identity amongst the French people?

    When the revolutionaries came to power in France


    their sole motive was to instill the idea of
    nationalism among the French population.

    They took many important steps to create a sense


    of collective identity which were:

    ● The idea of la patrie (the fatherland), and le


    citoyen (the citizen) emphasised the notion of
    a united community enjoying equal rights
    under a constitution.

    ● A new French flag, the tricolour, was chosen to


    replace the former royal standard.
    ● Estates General was elected and
    renamed as National Assembly.

    ● New hymns were composed, oaths


    taken and martyrs
    commemorated,all in the name of the
    nation.

    ● Regional dialects were discouraged


    and French, as it was spoken and
    written in Paris, became the common
    language of the nation.
    Who said when France sneezes, the rest of Europe
    catches a cold?

    A. METTERNICH

    B. MAZZINI

    C. WILLIAM I

    D. NAPOLEON
    Which of the following was NOT among the symbols
    of the new Britain when a new ‘British nation’ was
    forged through the propagation of dominant English
    culture?

    A. Union Jack

    B. God Save Our Noble King

    C. English Language

    D. Irish Language
    In visual representations, who wears a crown of
    oak leaves?

    A. Marianne

    B. Germania

    C. Both (A) & (B)

    D. None of these
    What’s Romanticism? How did it help in spreading the
    message of nationalism in Europe in 19th century.

    Romanticism referred to a cultural movement which sought to


    develop a particular form of national sentiment in the following
    ways:

    ● Romantic artists tried to create a sense of shared collective


    heritage, a common cultural past as the basis of nation.

    ● Some German Romantics like Johann Gottfried Herder


    thought that through folk songs, folk poetry and folk
    dance, the true spirit of the nation could, be popularised.
    He claimed that true German culture was to be discovered
    among the common people.

    ● Language too played an important role in developing


    nationalist sentiments. The use of Polish came to be seen
    as a symbol of the struggle against Russian dominance.
    Assertion: On 18 May 1848, 831 elected representatives revolted in the
    Frankfurt Parliament.

    Reason: The elected representatives revolted against the issue of


    extending political rights to women.

    A. Both A & R are true and R is correct explanation of A

    B. Both A & R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

    C. A is true, but R is false

    D. Both A & R are false


    “Napoleon incorporated revolutionary principles
    in order to make the whole system more rational
    and efficient”. Explain with relevant points.

    ● Established equality before law & took away


    all privileges based on birth.

    ● It simplified administrative divisions &


    abolished feudal system.

    ● Secured the Right to Property.

    ● Freed peasants from serfdom & manorial


    dues.

    ● Guilds restrictions were removed.


    Arrange the following in the correct sequence :

    1. Unification of Italy
    2. French Revolution
    3. Unification of Germany
    4. Napoleon invaded Italy

    A. 2, 4, 1, 3

    B. 4, 2, 3, 1

    C. 2, 3, 4, 1

    D. 1, 2, 3, 4
    What was Vienna congress of 1815? What changes
    were brought in Europe after it?

    In 1815, conservatives – Britain, Russia, Prussia and


    Austria – who had collectively defeated Napoleon, met at
    Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. It was called
    as CONGRESS OF VIENNA.

    Following changes were brought in Europe after it :

    ● The Bourbon dynasty, which had been deposed


    during the French Revolution, was restored to power
    and France lost the territories it had annexed.

    ● A series of states were set up on the boundaries of


    France to prevent the French expansion in future.
    ● The kingdom of the Netherlands, which
    included Belgium, was set up in the North
    and Genoa was added to Piedmont in the
    South.

    ● Prussia was given important new territories


    on its Western frontiers.

    ● Austria was given control of Northern Italy.

    ● The German confederation of 39 states that


    had been set up by Napoleon was left
    untouched.
    Why did Metternich describe Mazzini as ‘the most dangerous enemy of our
    social order’.

    Metternich was a conservative who didn’t favour revolutionaries such as Mazzini. He


    described Mazzini as the worst enemy of social order due to following reasons :

    ● Mazzini was an Italian revolutionary who founded two underground societies :

    1. Young Italy in Marseilles

    2. Young Europe in Berne

    ● Mazzini believed that God had intended nations to be the natural units of mankind.

    ● Following his model, secret societies were set up in Germany, France, Switzerland and
    Poland.

    ● Mazzini’s relentless opposition to monarchy and his vision of democratic republics


    frightened the conservatives.
    How did Balkans became an area of intense conflict after 1871?
    Substantiate your answer with 5 points

    ● The Balkans was a region of geographical & ethnic variation.

    ● It comprised modern-day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece,


    Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia and
    Montenegro.

    ● Inhabitants were broadly known as the Slavs.

    ● Large part under the control of the Ottoman Empire.


    ● Ideas of romantic nationalism spread, made this region very
    explosive.

    ● One by one, its European subject nationalities broke away from


    its control and declared independence.

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