VELAMMAL BODHI CAMPUS – THANJAVUR

History – Chapter 3
Nationalism in India
Grade : X STUDY MATERIAL - I

3 Marks Questions
1. What was the role of women in the civil Disobedience movement?
1) Participated is the salt Satyagraha in large number.
2) They participated in protest marches and also manufactured salt.
3) Many women went to jails
4) In rural areas the women considered service to the nation a sacred duty.
2. Explain the problems faced in unifying people.
1. All credits of glorious past were attributed to the Aryans
2. The contributions therefore it became difficult to bring all communities on a single platform.
3. Why and how is the identity of a nation symbolized in a Figure?
Ans. (1) It helps create an image with which people can identify the nation.
2) With the growth of nationalism identify of India came to be associated with the image of
BharatMata.
4. Which political solutions were adopted by Dalits leaders to the problems of
their community?
1. Many Dalits leaders were keen on different political solutions to the problems of the
community.
2. They began organizing themselves and demanding reserved seats in electoral institutions.
3. They also asked for separate electorate that would choose Dalits members for legislative
councils.
4. They believed, Political empowerment would resolve the problems of their social disabilities.
5. Dr B R Ambedkar organized the Dalits and formed a Depressed classes Association in 1930s.
6. These voluntary organizations also receive financial support from the government for
creating awareness among people.
5. Why did the growth of nationalism in the colonies linked to anti-colonial movement?
1.By the end of Nineteenth century anti-colonial Movement in most of the colonies led to the
growth of nationalism.

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2. The colonial exploitation led to poverty and caused miseries to the people. The shared a
common hatred against the colonial rule.
3. In colonies the people began to discover their unity in the process of their struggle against
colonialism.
4. Each section of the society felt the effects of colonialism.
5.The British policy of racialism and that of divide and rule exposed the nature of their rule and
created the feeling of oneness among Indians.
6. They felt the sense of common hatred against colonial rule.
6. Why did the Rich peasant communities become active in the Civil
Disobedience Movement?
1. Rich peasant communities –like Patidars of Gujarat and the Jatts of Uttar Pradesh- were
active in the movement.
2. Being producers of cash crops, they were very hard hit by the trade depression and falling
prices.
3. As their cash income disappeared, they found it impossible to pay the government’s revenue
demand. And the refusal of the government to reduce the revenue demand led to widespread
resentment.
4. Due to this reason rich peasants become enthusiastic supporters of the civil Disobedience
Movement.
7. What was the impact of Infamous Jallianwalla Bhag incident over Society and
British Government?
1. As the news of Jallianwalla Bagh spread, crowds took to the streets in many north Indian
towns.
2. There were strikes, classes with the police and attacks on government buildings.
3. The government responded with brutal repression, seeking to humiliate and terrorize people.
4. Satyagrahis were forced to rub their noses on the ground, crawl on the streets, and do salute
to all sahibs.
5. People were flogged and village around Gujranwala in Punjab now in Pakistan were bombed.
8. Who gave the slogan “Inquilab – Zindabad”? What do you understand by this slogan?
1. The famous slogan Inquilab Zindabad was given by Hasrat Mohani. This famous slogan
inspired the activities of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association particularly Ashfaqulla
Khan, Bhagat Singh and Chandrashekhar Azad.

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2. It is a Hindustani phrase taken from Persian which translates to "Long Live Revolution".
3. It was a common phrase used by revolutionaries during the British rule over India.
4. It was popularized in the activities of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association by
revolutionaries such as Bhagat Singh and Chandrashekhar Azad, who used it to urge future
generations to endorse, and support the party’s rebellious actions.
9. What is separate electorate? Why do you think Gandhiji was against the demand
of separate electorate by B R Ambedkar?
1. Separate electoratesare usually demanded by minorities who feel it would otherwise be
difficult for them to get fair representation in government.
2. Separate electoratefor Dalits means that Dalits will choose theirseparateleader
byseparateelections for Dalits.
3. Gandhiji was against the demand of separate electorate of Dr B R Ambedkar because he
believes that separate electorates for Dalits would slow down the process of their integration
into society consumer movement in India has led to the formation of various organizations
locally known as.
10. Why martial law was imposed in Punjab during the month of April in 1919?
1. The martial law was imposed in Punjab because Rowlatt Act was introduced by the British
Government.
2. Against this act rallies were organized in various cities, workers went on strike in railway
workshops and shops closed down.
3. British Government decided to clamp down on the nationalist leaders. Local leader were
picked up from Amritsar.
4. Mahatma Gandhi was barred from entering Delhi.
5. On 10 April, the police in Amritsar fired upon a peaceful procession, provoke widespread
attacks on banks post offices and railway stations.
6. Due to this martial law was imposed and General Dyer took command.
11. Why were Indians reacted against Rowlett Act?
1. This Act had been hurriedly passed through the Imperial Legislative Council despite the
united opposition of Indian Members.
2. It gave the government enormous power to repress political activities, and allowed detention
of political prisoners without trial for two years.

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3. The Rowlett Act acted as an instrument of suppression of civil rights of the Indians hence
produced widespread discontent among masses.
12. Mention the features of the flag which was designed by Gandhiji?
In 1921 Gandhiji had designed the swaraj flag.
1. It was a tricolor flag and had a spinning wheel in the centre representing the Gandhian ideal
of self-help.
2. Tricolors were-red, green and white.
3. Carrying the flag, holding it aloft, during marches became a symbol of defiance.
13. What were three proposals regarding Non- Cooperation movement, as suggested
by Mahatma Gandhi?
1. The movement was to be unfolded in stages.
2. It should begin with the surrender of titles awarded by the government and boycott of civil
services, army, police, courts, legislative council, schools and foreign goods.
3. Then, In case the government used repression, a civil disobedience movement would be
launched.
14. Can you explain why some congress leaders were reluctant to boycott the
council elections of November 1920?
1. Many within the congress were, however concerned about the proposals given by Gandhiji.
2. They were reluctant to boycott the council elections of November 1920 because the feared
that the Movement might lead to popular violence.
3. In the months between September and December there was instance tussle within the
congress.
4. For a while there seemed no meeting point between the supporters and the opponents of the
movement.
5. Finally at the Congress session at Nagpur in December 1920, a compromise was worked out
and the Noncooperation program was adopted.
15. Highlight the effects of Non Cooperation movement on the economy of India.
1. The effect of non-co-operation on the economic front was more dramatic.
2. Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfire.
3. The import of foreign cloths halved between 1921 and 1922 its value dropping from Rs 102
crore to Rs 57 crore.

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4. In many places merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign
trade.
5. As the boycott movement spread, and people began discarding imported clothes and wearing
only Indian ones, production of Indian textiles mills and handlooms went up.
16. What were the methods used by peasants of Awadh to achieve their goal? Explain.
1. In many places nai-dhobi bandhs were organized by panchayats to deprive landlords of the
service of even barbers and washer men.
2. The peasant movement demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of beggar and social
boycott of oppressive landlords.
3. Some peasants denied doing beggar-work without at landlords’ farms without any payment.
4. As the movement spread in 1921, the houses of talukdars and merchants were attacked,
bazaars were looted.
17. Why was the Non Cooperation movement withdrawn by Gandhiji?
1. The movement was turning violent.
2. At Chauri-Chaura in Gorakhpur in Uttar Pradesh, a peaceful demonstration in bazaar turned
into a violent clash in which more than 20 policemen were killed.
3. Gandhiji also felt that Satyagraha is needed to be properly trained before they would be ready
for mass movement.
18. How was the Civil obedience Movement different from Non Cooperation
Movement? State any three points of difference.
1. Non-cooperation Movement was launched in1920 to 1922, while the Civil Disobedience
Movement continued 1929 to 1934.
2. The Non-cooperation Movement was launched because of the anger of Jallianwala Bagh and
against Rowlett Act, while Civil Disobedience movement was launched against the arrival
of Simon Commission.
3. The Idea of Non Cooperation include that if the Indians refused to cooperate British rule in
India will would collapse within a year and swaraj would come. But the idea of Civil
Disobedience Movement includes breaking colonial rules and disobeying the rules.
19. Highlight the major facts about the new economic situation created by First
Word War in India?
1. First World War led to a huge increase in defense expenditure which was financed war loans
and increase in Taxes.

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2. Custom duties were raised and new income taxes were introduced.
3. Through war years prices increased-doubling between 1913 and 1918.
4. Villagers were called upon to supply soldiers.
5. Forced recruitment in rural areas caused widespread anger
20. “Gandhiji saw this as an opportunity to bring Muslims under the umbrella of
unified national movement” Can you explain that opportunity.
1. The opportunity was ‘Khilafat Issue’. The First World War ended with the defeat of Ottoman
Turkey.
2. There were rumours that a harsh peace treaty was going to be imposed on the ottoman
emperor-the spiritual head of the Islamic world (the Khailifa).
3. To defend the khalifa’s temporal power, a khilafat committee was formed in Bombay in
March 1919.
4. A young generation of Muslims leaders likes the brothers Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali,
Began discussing with Mahatma Gandhi about the possibility of a united mass action on the
issue.
5. Gandhiji saw this as an opportunity to bring Muslims under the umbrella of unified national
movement.
21. What were the main ideas of Gandhiji behind ‘Non Co-operation’?
1. Gandhiji in his famous book Hind Sawraj declared that British Rule was established in India
with the cooperation of Indians, and successful only because of our cooperation.
2. If Indians refused to cooperate, British rule in India would collapse within a year and swaraj
would come.
3. According to Gandhiji it should begin with the surrender of titles that the British government
awarded, and a boycott of civil services, army, police, courts and legislative councils, schools
and foreign.
22. Elaborate the contribution of Allaouri Sita Ram Raju in the nationalist movement
of India.
1. Alluri Sita Ram Raju claimed that he had a variety of special powers: he could make correct
astrological predictions and heal people, and he could survive even bullet shots.
2. Captivated by Raju, the rebels proclaimed that he was an incarnation of God. Rajju talked of
the greatness of Mahatma Gandhi, said he was inspired by the Non Cooperation Movement, and
persuaded people to wear Khadhi and giving up drinking.

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3. But at the same time he asserted that India could be liberated only by the use of force, not
non-violence.
4. The Gudem rebels attacked police stations, attempted to kill British officials and carried on
guerrilla warfare for achieving swaraj. Raju was captured and executed in 1924, and over the
time became a folk hero.
23. Why martial law was imposed in Punjab during the month of April in 1919?
1. Gandhiji in 1919 decided to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed Rowlett
Act (1919).
2. Rallies were organized in various cities, workers went on strike in railway workshops, and
shops closed down.
3. On April, the police in Amritsar fired upon a peaceful procession, provoke widespread
attacks on banks, post office and railway stations.
4. The British administration decided to clampdown on nationalists. Martial law was imposed
and General Dyer took command.
24. Can you explain why some congress leaders were reluctant to boycott the
council elections of November 1920?
1. Many within the congress were however, concerned about the proposal of Gandhiji to start
Non Cooperation Movement.
2. They were reluctant to boycott the council elections scheduled for November 1920.
3. They feared that the movement led to popular violence.
4. In the months between September and December there was intense tussle within the
congress.
25. What was the contribution of Natesa Shartri for the revival of folklore and folk tales?
What were his views?
In madras Natesa Shastri published a massive four-volume collection of Tamil folk tales, the
Folklore of Southern India.
1. He believed that folklore was national literature;
2. It was most trustworthy manifestation of people’s real thought and characteristics.
28. A. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these
features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines
marked on the map.

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1. The Satyagraha of the peasants
2. Place where Gandhiji violated the Salt Law.
B. Locate and Label Nagpur session 1920 with appropriate symbols on the same map given for
identification
26. Explain the differences that emerged the congress and the Muslim league on Political
issues.
1. The important differences were over the question of representation in the future assemblies
that were to be elected Muhammad Ali Jinnah of the Muslim league was willing to give up that
demand for separate electorates
2. If Muslim were given reserved seats in the central assembly and representation in proportion
to population in the Muslim dominated provinces.
27. How did Mahatma Gandhi organize Satyagraha in various places in India?
1)In 1917 he traveled in champaran ran, Bihar to inspire the peasants to struggle against
oppressive plantation system.
2) In 1919 he organized Satyagraha to support peasants of Kheda in Gujarat.
3) In 1918 he went to Ahmedabad to organize this movement amongst cotton mill workers.
4) In 1919 he launched Satyagraha against Rowlatt act.
28. Explain the factors responsible for the growth of nationalism in the later half of the
19thcentury.
1) Economic exploitation
2) Administrative and economic unification of the country.
3) Western education'
4) Development of Press.

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 5 marks Questions
1. Identify the reasons that why Muslim Political organizations in India were lukewarm in
their response to the civil disobedience Movement.
1. Some of the Muslim political organizations in India were also lukewarm in their response to
the Civil Disobedience Movement.
2. After the decline of the Non- Cooperation–Khilafat movement, a large section of Muslims
felt alienated from the congress.
3. From the mid-1920s the congress came to be more visibly associated with openly Hindu
religious nationalist group like the Hindu Mahasabha.
4. As relation between Hindus and Muslims worsened, each community organized religious
processions with militant fervor, provoking Hindu-Muslim communal clashes and riots in
various cities.
5. Every riot deepened the distance between the two communities.
2. Explain the issue behind the Khilafat Movement.
1. The First World War had ended with the defeated of Ottoman Turkey.
2. There were rumors that a harsh peace treaty was going to be imposed on the Ottoman
emperor –the spiritual head of the Islamic world.
3. To defend the Rowllat Act, Mahatma Gandhi felt, to take the Khilafat issue.
4. To bring the Hindus and Muslims closer, he felt, to take the Khilafat issue.
5. Muslim leaders Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali began discussing with Gandhiji the
possibilities of a united mass action on the issue.
6.Later at Calcutta Session in 1920, Gandhiji convinced the leaders in congress, to start a
noncooperation movement in support of khilafat.
3. How did the revival of Indians folklore develop the ideas of Nationalism
among Indians? Explain.
1. Idea of nationalism also developed through a movement to revive Indian folklore.
2. In late nineteenth century India, nationalists began recording folk tales sung by bards and
they toured villages to gather folk songs and legends.
3. These tales they believed gave a true picture of traditional culture that had been corrupted
and damaged by outside forces.
4. It was essential to preserve this folk tradition in order to discover one’s national identity and
restore a sense of pride in one’s past.

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5. In Bengal, Rabindranath Tagore himself began collecting ballades, nursery rhymes and
myths and the movement for folk revival.
4. “Ideas of nationalism also developed through a movement to revive Indian
folklore? Support the statement with suitable examples?
1. Ideas of nationalism also developed through a movement a revive India folklore.
2. In the late nineteenth century India, nationalists began recording folk tales sung by bards and
they toured villages together folk songs and legends.
3. It was essential to preserve this folk tradition in order to discover one’s national identity and
restore a sense of pride in one’s past.
4. In Bengal Rabindranath Tagore himself began collecting ballads, nursery rhymes and myths,
and led the movement for folk revival.
5. In madras Natesa Shastri published a massive four-volume collection of Tamil folk tales, the
Folklore of Southern India.
6.He believed that folklore was national literature; it was most trustworthy manifestation of
people’s real thought and characteristics.
5. Can you identify the different limitations of Civil Disobedience Movement?
1. Limited participation of Dalits: Dalits participation in the civil Disobedience movement
was very limited, particularly in Maharashtra and Nagpur region where their organization was
quite strong.
2. No Participation of Muslims: Some of the Muslim political organizations in India were also
Lukewarm in their response to the Civil Disobedience Movement. After Non-Cooperation-
Khilafat movement Muslims felt alienated from the congress.
3. Dominant role of Sanatanis and Hindu Mahasabha: The role of Sanatanis and Hindu
Mahasabha was very dominant. Due to the fear of Sanatanis the conservative high class Hindus,
congress ignored the Dalits. Congress was very close to Hindu Mahasabha. Hindus Mahasabha
strongly opposed the efforts of compromise between Congress and Muslim League.
4. Clash between BR Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi: In 1930 Dr B R Ambedkar clashed
with Mahatma Gandhi at the second round table conference by demanding separate electorate
for Dalits.
5. Participants have different aspirations: Participation had their own aspirations. There was
a contrast between the demands of industrialist and working class. Contrast was also there in the
demand of Rich peasants and poor peasants. United struggle was not there.

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6. How the plantation workers of Assam understand Mahatma Gandhiji and the notion of
swaraj?
1. Workers too had their own understanding of Mahatma Gandhi and the notion of swaraj.
2. For plantation workers in Assam, freedom meant the right to move freely in and out of the
confined space in which they were enclosed, and it meant retaining a link with the village from
which they had come.
3. Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not permitted to leave the
tea gardens without permission, and in fact they were rarely given such permission.
4. When they heard of the Non-Cooperation Movement, thousands of workers defied the
authorities, left the plantations and headed home.
5. They believed the Gandhi Raj was coming and everyone would be given land in their own
villages. They, however, never reached their destination.
6. Stranded on the way by a railway and steamer strike, they were caught by the police and
brutally beaten up.
7. Explain the contribution of Gandhiji to uplift the position of Untouchables in
the society?
1. Gandhiji declared that swaraj would not come for a hundred years if untouchability was not
eliminated.
2. He called the untouchables Harijans children of God,
3. He organized satyagraha to secure them entry into temples and to assess to public wells,
tanks, roads and schools,
4. He himself cleaned toilets to dignify the work of Bhangi (the Sweepers).
5. He persuaded the upper castes to change their heart and give up the sin of untouchability.

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