SECTION - 3

SPEAKING

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 3.1. Soft Skills

Soft skill is the ability required and expected from persons for finding a suitable job, its maintenance and
promotion.

Softskills is an important facet of life. It is essential in all spheres of life. Be it an interview or dealing with
the project leader or working out a solution with a team or writing a report, getting across the point
effectively is what matters.
The success of an endeavour hinges on the ability to communicate effectively in today's fast paced life,
everyone is asked to do more with less. In such a scenario effective communication holds the key. Effective
communication centers round the usage of words, speed of delivery of words, pitch modulation and body
language. Using the right tools to communicate the right messages at the right time can salvage crises and
motivate people to work towards success. Truly said, communication works but for those who work at it. In
the existing globalization scenario, most of the Information Technology, I.T Enabled Services, management
institutes, public and private sector, multi-national Companies, Union Public Service Commission, and State
Public Service Commission are search for a right and suitable fresher for executive posts. Whatever be the
recruiting criteria that I.T, ITES, industry giants had in their agenda, once this was clear a first class degree
would not serve the purpose, the candidate has to satisfy the skill sets, that the companies were looking for is
softskills. And unanimously, the skills set that they were looking for Softskills.

The immediate results of developing good communication skills are:

1. Ability to Listen effectively

2. Ability to send Clear Messages

3. To win confidence and respect of peers, employers

4. Impressive non-verbal behaviour

Scope of soft skills development

It is very important to develop soft skills because it enables you to:

• To handle interpersonal relations
• To take appropriate decisions
• To communicate effectively
• To have good impression and impact to gain professional development

Types of Soft skills

Verbal Communication skills

• Verbal communication skills form the corner stone of soft skills

• Every human being has to essentially & effectively communicate with others
• Effective communication is the hallmark of one's education
• The ability to speak fluently using the right word in the right order is good communication
• Message using appropriate vocabulary and syntax form effective communication

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Body language

Non verbal language

• Face is the index of the mind and it clearly displays the persons interest
• Body language presents to the audience what we feel & think about the particular matter
• Body language (e.g, arms crossed, standing, sitting, relaxed)
• Emotion of the sender & receiver (e.g, speaking clearly, enthusiastic)

Written communication Skills

• Writing evaluates a person's proficiency indications, spelling grammar etc...

• Errors committed while writing circulars, reports & agenda considerably spoil the image of the writer
• Good visual presentation using graphics, color, balanced design layout- adds so much to written
communication.
• Keep handouts and other written materials for your presentation

Presentation Skills

Presentation skills include planning, preparation & delivery of the message. Making a formal speech is also
one form of presentation. Presentation skills can be broadly categorized into physical, oral, & electronics.

• Success in life depends on presenting ideas in an appropriate manner.

• Look at the eyes of audience & speak in a natural, conversational voice.
• Appropriate voice will make the presentation effective and interesting.
• Ask for feed back from your audience about your presentation & change accordingly.
• In presentation especially, stop occasionally to ask the audience whether they have understood what
you have said.

Team Work

• People of either gender, different age groups, qualification, status & skills work as a team with a
common objective of accomplishing the task
• The success of any organization largely depends on in the coordinated efforts of its employees
• It mainly refers to the agreeableness & co-operation among the team members

Professional ethics

• Professional ethics is the need of the hour in India

• When a person is at the work spot, he must think of his work only
• He must put his heart & soul into the work
• Each employee is a organic part of the organization & must strive to contribute his mite to the
successful functioning of the organization

Interpersonal Skills

Man is a social animal & his success in life largely depends on his relationship & interaction with others
We must respect the views & sentiments of others.
When we want to differ with their views, we must very politely give hints to them without hurting their
feelings

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Time & Stress Management

• Prioritize the work & schedule your time accordingly

• Important work should be allotted more time & taken up first
• Listening to classical music & practicing Yoga will considerably reduce the physical, emotional &
mental stress of an individual

Leadership Softskills

Leaders, executives & managers need to be very clear about what they expect from others

• Trust your self

• Keep smiling
• Share & stay together
• Always learn new things
• Accept responsibility for your self & your actions
• Look at problems & challenges
• Be grateful always
• Love your self

Nonverbal Communication

According to experts, a substantial portion of our communication is nonverbal. Every day, we respond to
thousands on nonverbal cues and behaviours including postures, facial expression, eye gaze, gestures, and
tone of voice. From our handshakes to our hairstyles, nonverbal details reveal who we are and impact how
we relate to other people.

Scientific research on nonverbal communication and behaviour began with the 1872 publication of Charles
Darwin's The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Since that time, there has been an abundance
of research on the types, effects and expressions of unspoken communication and behavior. While these
signals are often so subtle that we are not consciously aware of them, research has identified several different
types of nonverbal communication.

In many cases, we communicate information in nonverbal ways using groups of behaviours. For example,
we might combine a frown with crossed arms and unblinking eye gaze to indicate disapproval.

Facial Expression

Facial expressions are responsible for a huge proportion of nonverbal communication. Consider how much
information can be conveyed with a smile or a frown. While nonverbal communication and behaviour can
vary dramatically between cultures, the facial expressions for happiness, sadness, anger and fear are similar
throughout the world.

Gestures

Deliberate movements and signals are an important way to communicate meaning without words. Common
gestures include waving, pointing, and using fingers to indicate numeric amounts. Other gestures are
arbitrary and related to culture.

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Paralinguistics

Paralinguistic’s refers to vocal communication that is separate from actual language. This includes factors
such as tone of voice, loudness, inflection and pitch. Consider the powerful effect that tone of voice can have
on the meaning of a sentence. When said in a strong tone of voice, listeners might interpret approval and
enthusiasm. The same words said in a hesitant tone of voice might convey disapproval and a lack of interest.

Body Language and Posture

Posture and movement can also convey a great deal on information. Research on body language has grown
significantly since the 1970's, but popular media have focused on the over-interpretation of defensive
postures, arm-crossing, and leg-crossing, especially after the publication of Julius Fast's book Body
Language. While these nonverbal behaviors can indicate feelings andattitudes, research suggests that body
language is far more subtle and less definitive that previously believed.

Proxemics

People often refer to their need for "personal space," which is also an important type of nonverbal
communication. The amount of distance we need and the amount of space we perceive as belonging to us is
influenced by a number of factors including social norms, situational factors, personality characteristics and
level of familiarity. For example, the amount of personal space needed when having a casual conversation
with another person usually varies between 18 inches to four feet. On the other hand, the personal distance
needed when speaking to a crowd of people is around 10 to 12 feet.

Eye Gaze

Looking, staring and blinking can also be important nonverbal behaviors. When people encounter people or
things that they like, the rate of blinking increases and pupils dilate. Looking at another person can indicate a
range of emotions, including hostility, interest and attraction.

Haptics

Communicating through touch is another important nonverbal behavior. There has been a substantial amount
of research on the importance of touch in infancy and early childhood.Harry Harlow's classic monkey
study demonstrated how the deprivation of touch and contact impedes development. Baby monkeys raised
by wire mothers experienced permanent deficits in behavior and social interaction. Touch can be used to
communicate affection, familiarity, sympathy and other emotions.

Appearance

Our choice of color, clothing, hairstyles and other factors affecting appearance are also considered a means
of nonverbal communication. Research on color psychology has demonstrated that different colors can
evoke different moods. Appearance can also alter physiological reactions, judgments and interpretations.
Just think of all the subtle judgements you quickly make about someone based on his or her appearance.
These first impressions are important, which is why experts suggest that job seekers dress appropriately for
interviews with potential employers

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 Evaluating nonverbal signals

Eye contact Is eye contact being made? If so, is it overly intense or just right?

Facial What is your their showing? Is it masklike and unexpressive, or emotionally

expression present and filled with interest?

Tone of voice Does their voice project warmth, confidence, and interest, or is it strained and
blocked?

Posture and Are their bodies relaxed or stiff and immobile? Are shoulders tense and raised,
gesture or slightly sloped?

Touch Is there any physical contact? Is it appropriate to the situation? Does it make
you feel uncomfortable?

Intensity Do they seem flat, cool, and disinterested, or over-the-top and melodramatic?

Timing and Is there an easy flow of information back and forth? Do nonverbal responses
pace come too quickly or too slowly?

Sounds Do you hear sounds that indicate caring or concern?

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Skills - Workplace Etiquette

MAKING POSITIVE IMPRESSIONS

How you present yourself to others in the business world speaks volumes. People often form first
impressions about others within seconds of first meeting them therefore it is crucial to ensure you are
properly prepared to present yourself as a professional. Here are some important tips towards making a good
impression.

▪ Stand straight, make eye contact, turn towards people when they are speaking, and genuinely smile at
people.
▪ Follow your office dress code, perhaps dressing a step above the norm for your office.
▪ Your briefcase or bag and the things you carry in them say something about you. Messy items may
detract from the image you would like to present.
▪ When meeting someone for the first time, be sure to shake hands palm to palm with a gentle
firmness.
▪ Be alert. Sleepiness looks bad in the workplace.
▪ Kindness and courtesy count!
▪ Arrive early to work each day.

PEOPLE
How you treat people says a lot about you.

▪ Learn names and learn them quickly. A good tip for remembering names is to use a person's name
three times within your first conversation with them. Also, write names down and keep business
cards. People know when you don't know their names and may interpret this as a sign that you don't
value them.
▪ Don't make value judgments on people's importance in the workplace. Talk to the maintenance staff
members and to the people who perform many of the administrative support functions. These people
deserve your respect!
▪ Self-assess: Think about how you treat your supervisor(s), peers, and subordinates. Would the
differences in the relationships, if seen by others, cast you in an unfavorable light? If so, find where
the imbalance exists, and start the process of reworking the relationship dynamic.
▪ What you share with others about your personal life is your choice, but be careful. Things can come
back to haunt you. Don't ask others to share their personal lives with you. This makes many people
uncomfortable in the work space.
▪ Respect people's personal space. This may be very different than your own.

COMMUNICATING
It's sometimes not what you say, but how you say it that counts!

▪ Return phone calls and emails within 24 hours - even if only to say that you will provide requested
information at a later date.
▪ Ask before putting someone on speakerphone.
▪ Personalize your voice mail - there's nothing worse than just hearing a phone number on someone's
voice mail and not knowing if you are leaving a message with the correct person. People may not
even leave messages.
▪ Emails at work should be grammatically correct and free of spelling errors. They should not be
treated like personal email.

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 ▪ When emailing, use the subject box, and make sure it directly relates to what you are writing. This
ensures ease in finding it later and a potentially faster response.
▪ Never say in an email anything you wouldn't say to someone's face.
▪ Underlining, italicizing, bolding, coloring, and changing font size can make a mild email message
seem overly strong or aggressive.

WORK SPACE
You may spend more waking hours in work spaces than in your home space so:

▪ Keep the space professional and neat with appropriate personal touches! People will see the space
and consider it a reflection of you.
▪ Whether it is a cubicle or office, respect others' space. Don't just walk in; knock or make your
presence gently known. Don't assume acknowledgement of your presence is an invitation to sit down;
wait until you are invited to do so.
▪ Don't interrupt people on the phone, and don't try to communicate with them verbally or with sign
language. You could damage an important phone call.
▪ Limit personal calls, especially if you work in a space that lacks a door.
▪ Learn when and where it is appropriate to use your cell phone in your office.
▪ Food consumption should generally be regulated. Smells and noise from food can be distracting to
others trying to work.

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ETIQUETTE

As the global market grows, the need to understand multiple international standards of business etiquette
grows. Research the country you will be working in or visiting; note the proper etiquette, culture and
customs for that country. There are, however, a few key things to keep in mind when conducting business
internationally:

▪ Knowing the language makes an excellent impression on the people you are doing business with.
Barely knowing the language, but feigning fluency, could really harm the work you are trying to
accomplish.
▪ Be mindful of time zones. You don't want to wake someone up on their cell phone or call someone
with an unreasonable deadline or concern at an awkward time of day for them.
▪ As there is no standard global work day, you should keep in mind that work hours vary from country
to country. This is important when scheduling meetings or conference calls.
▪ Know the holidays that will be observed, and be respectful of the time surrounding the holidays, as
people may be less available.
▪ Meals can be extremely crucial in making a positive international business etiquette impression. The
customs that are followed when dining are often very important, and mistakes in this area could be
costly. Knowing the etiquette well in advance should allow you to relax and enjoy what could be an
amazing new experience!

Vigilantly observe the corporate culture in which you work, and be aware that change will happen. Your
eyes and ears are your best resource in this learning process! For etiquette when interviewing for a position,
please see the interviewing section of our Career Planning Guide. Numerous resources exist on-line on the
topic of business etiquette, and there are professional courses you can take to help you learn more.

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WHAT WILL YOU SAY WHEN………………

1. Your uncle gives you a new cell phone for your birthday.

2. Your best friend tells you your new shoes look really cool.

3. You want someone to pass you the salt, which is at the far end of the table.

4. You burp or sneeze in the middle of a conversation with your teacher.

5. You see your classmate trip or fall.

6. You accidentally spill someone’s carton of milk.

7. You have to squeeze between two people having a conversation. In order to get to your cubby or locker.

8. Your mother helps you with your assignment.

9. You have to yawn when you are listening to your friend tell you about a movie he/she watched the night

before.

10. You accidentally step on someone’s toe.

11. You interrupt someone while they are speaking.

12. You want to enter a colleague’s cabin.

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Talking Point – Rules and regulations

1. What do you think about smoking on public transportation?

• In your opinion, should trains/planes have smoking sections?
• Should passengers be allowed to smoke on public transportation?

2. Do you think passengers should use their mobile phones on public transportation?
• Do you think ‘no-phone zones’ are a good idea on trains?

3. In your opinion, should dogs be allowed in the following places?

• in stores
• on trains/buses
• in restaurants
• on braches

4. Do you think the rules concerning the countryside are reasonable?

• In your opinion, are there any more important rules in the country?

5. What do you know about rules and regulations in other countries?

• alcohol age limits, bar opening and closing hours
• smoking age limits, health warnings, advertising laws
• driving age limits, special rules
• guns age limits, special licenses, buying and selling
• drugs laws
• speed limits and penalties

6. Does this country have any laws which are strict compared to other countries?

7. Can you think of anything which is legal in this country, but which is illegal in a lot of other
countries?

8. Does this country have any laws which are unreasonable/out of date, in your opinion?

9. Would you like this country to have any new laws? What should they be?

10. Does this country have any laws which a lot of people don’t comply with? What are they? Why
don’t people comply with them?

11. Do you know any funny stories/experiences concerning rules and regulations?

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3.2. GROUP DISCUSSIONS

Many companies and institutes are making group discussion as the first criteria for screening the
candidates for face-to-face interviews. And there is reason too for giving huge importance for Group
Discussion. First thing Group Discussion is used for mass elimination! And second thing group
discussion selection criteria’s are based on actual company requirements.

Communication and Group Discussion skill are two relevant soft skills that are must for any professional.

What skills are judged in group discussion?

• How good you are communication with others.

• How you behave and interact with group.
• How open minded are you.
• Your listening skill.
• How you put forward your views.
• Your leadership and decision making skills.
• Your analysis skill and subject knowledge.
• Problem solving and critical thinking skill.
• Your attitude and confidence.

There are roughly four types of group discussion topics:

1. Factual speech topics
2. Controversial and argumentative issues
3. Abstract discussion material
4. Cases studies
Factual topics for a group are – as the word says – about facts. This is sample list of speech topics on
current issues and facts:

A controversial group discussion topic is a speech topic that has many controversies, pros and cons. Keep
in mind that all current group discussion topics are not my opinion, but just a sample list of speech topics!

Abstract group discussion topic are things that cannot be touched, not be easily defined or formulated.
Just think in a creative manner and start a vivid group discussion with one of these abstract topics to talk
about:

The fourth type of group discussion topics are so-called case studies. You determine a problem and
together with the other group members you have to find a satisfying solution. These are small group
discussion topic ideas. Just modify and alter where necessary, these are just guiding light topic ideas:

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 Do’s and Don’t of Group discussion:

1. Keep eye contact while speaking:

Do not look at the evaluators only. Keep eye contact with every team member while speaking.

2. Initiate the GD:

Initiating the GD is a big plus. But keep in mind – Initiate the group discussion only when you understood
the GD topic clearly and have some topic knowledge. Speaking without proper subject knowledge is bad
impression.

3. Allow others to speak:

Do not interrupt anyone in-between while speaking. Even if you don’t agree with his/her thought do not
snatch their chance to speak. Instead make some notes and clear the points when it’s your turn.

4. Speak clearly:
Speak politely and clearly. Use simple and understandable words while speaking. Don’t be too aggressive
if you are disagreeing with someone. Express your feelings calmly and politely.

5. Make sure to bring the discussion on track:

If by any a means group is distracting from the topic or goal then simply take initiative to bring the
discussion on the track. Make all group members aware that you all need to come to some conclusion at
the end of the discussion. So stick to the topic.

6. Positive attitude:
Be confident. Do not try to dominate anyone. Keep positive body language. Show interest in discussion.

7. Speak sensibly:
Do not speak just to increase your speaking time. Don’t worry even if you speak less. Your thoughts
should be sensible and relevant instead of irrelevant speech.
8. Listen carefully to others:
Speak less and listen more! Pay attention while others are speaking. This will make coherent discussion
and you will get involved in the group positively. You will surely make people agree with you.
9. No need to go into much details:
Some basic subject analysis is sufficient. No need to mention exact figures while giving any reference.
You have limited time so be precise and convey your thoughts in short and simple language.
10. Formal dressing:
Do not take it casually. No fancy and funny dressing. You should be comfortable while speaking in
group. Positive gesture and body language will make your work easy.

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 Expressions for Agreeing and Disagreeing
Expressions agreement
Stating an opinion . I agree with you 100 percent.
• In my opinion… . I couldn’t agree with you
• The way I see it… more
• If you want my honest opinion… . That’s so true.
. That’s for sure.
• According to Mahesh… . (slang) Tell me about it!
• As for as I’m concerned… . You’re absolutely right.
• If you ask me… . Absolutely.
. That’s exactly how I feel.
Asking for an opinion . Exactly.
. I’m afraid I agree with
• What’s your idea? James.
• What are your thoughts on all . I have to side with Dad on
of this? this one.
• How do you feel about that? . No doubt about it.
• Do you have anything to say . (weak) I suppose so./I guess
about this? so.
• What do you think? . You have a point there.
• Do you agree? . I was just going to say that.
• Wouldn’t you say? Expressing disagreement Page “84
• I don’t think so.
• (strong) No way.
• I’m afraid I disagree.
• (strong) I totally disagree.
• I beg to differ.
• (strong) I’d say the exact
opposite.
• Not necessarily.
• That’s not always true.
• That’s not always the case.
• No, I’m not so sure about
that.

Interruptions
• Can I add something here?
• Is it okay if I jump in for a
Second?
• If I might add something…
• Can I throw my two cents in?
• Sorry to interrupt, but…
• (after accidentally
interrupting someone) Sorry,
go ahead. OR Sorry, you were

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 saying…
• (after being interrupted) You
didn’t let me finish.
Settling an argument
• Let’s just move on, shall we?
• Let’s drop it.
• I think we’re going to have to
agree to disagree.
• (sarcastic) Whatever you
Say. /If you say so.

GD Topics

1. Do people have a right to Internet access?

2. Do violent video games make people more likely to be violent in real life?

3. Is it ever fair for minorities to receive special treatment or consideration?

4. Does the average American have a healthy diet?

5. Should students have a greater say in what they learn?

6. Do girls or boys face more societal pressure—or do they face equal amounts?

7. Do schools do enough to prevent bullying?

8. Does reality television accurately depict real life?

9. Does nature or nurture play a bigger role in who we are?

10. Do athletes, celebrities, and CEOs deserve to make more money than the average person?

11. Is arts education as important as other types of curriculum?

12. What is the greatest challenge today’s students face?

13. What responsibilities do people have to help one another out?

14. What one thing should all households be doing to conserve energy?

15. Is Common Core good for students?

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 3.3. PRESENTATIONS

Structuring Your Talk

Preparing a talk always takes for longer than you anticipate. Start early!
• Write a clear statement of the problem and its importance.
• Research. Collect material which may relate to the topic.
• Tell a story in a logical sequence.
• Stick to the key concepts. Avoid description of specifics and unnecessary details.
• If you are making a series of points, organize them from the most to the least important.
the less important points can be skipped if you run short of time.
• Keep your sentences short, about 10-20 words each is ideal. This is the way people
usually talk.
• Strive for clarity. Are these the best words for making your point? Are they
unambiguous?

Preparing Your Slides

Presentation Design
• Don’t overload your slides with too much text or data.
• FOCUS. In general, using a few powerful slides is the aim.
• Let the picture or graphic tell the story. Avoid text.
• Number your slides and give them a title.
• Use the “summary slide” feature in slide sorter view to prepare an Agenda or Table of
contents slide.
• You can add a logo and other graphics to every slide using the slide master feature.
• Proof read everything, including visuals and numbers.
• Strive for similar line lengths for text.
Visual elements
• A font size of 28 to 34 with a bold font is recommended for subtitles. The title default size
is 44. Use a san serif font for title.
• Use clear, simple visuals. Don’t confuse the audience.
• Use contrast: light on dark or dark on light.
• Graphics should make a key concept clearer.
• Place your graphics in a similar location within each screen.
• To temporarily clear the screen press W or B during the presentation. Press Enter to
resume presentation.
Text
• Font size must be large enough to be easily read. Size 28 to 34 with a bold font is
recommended.
• It is distracting if you use too wide a variety of fonts.
• Overuse of text is a common mistake.
o Too much test makes the slide unreadable. You may just as well show a blank
slide. Stick to a few key words.
o If your audience is reading the slides they are not paying attention to you. If
possible, make your point with graphics instead of text.

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Numbers
• Numbers are usually confusing to the audience. Use as few as possible and allow extra time
for the audience to do the math.
• Numbers should never be ultra precise:
o “Anticipated Revenues of $660,101.83” looks silly. Are your numbers that accurate?
Just say $660 thousand.
o “The Break Even Point is 1048.17 units. Are you selling fractions of a unit?
o Don’t show pennies. Cost per unit is about the only time you would need to show
pennies.
• If you have more than 12-15 numbers on a slide, that’s probably too many.
• Using only one number per sentence helps the audience absorb the data.

Statistics
• Use the same scale for numbers on a slide. Don’t compare thousand to millions.
• When using sales data, stick to a single market in the presentation.
• Cite your source on the same slide as the statistic, using a smaller size font.
Charts
• Charts need to be clearly labeled. You can make more interesting charts by adding elements
from the drawing toolbar.

• Numbers in tables are both hard to see and to understand. There is usually a better way to
present your numerical data that with columns and rows of numbers. Get creative!

Backgrounds
• Backgrounds should never distract from the presentation.
• Using the default white background is hard on the viewer’s eyes. You can easily add a design
style or a color to the background.
• Background that are light colored with dark text, or vice versa, look good. A dark
background with white font reduces glare.
• Colors appear lighter when projected. Pale colors often appear as white.
• Consistent background add to a professional appearance.
• For a long presentation, you may want to change background designs when shifting to a new
topic.
Excitement
• Slides for business presentations should be dull! You don’t want to distract the audience.
• Sounds and transition effects can be annoying. Use sparingly.
• Animation effects can be interesting when use in moderation.
o Too much animation is distracting.
o Consider using animated clip art
o Consider using custom animation
• You can insert video and audio clips into PowerPoint.
• You can also insert hyperlinks.

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Hints for Efficient Practice
Time - Practicing Your Presentation,
• Talk through your presentation to see how much time you use for each slide.
• Set the automatic slide transition to the amount of time you want to spend
discussing each slide.
• Are you using the right amount of time per slide? Decide which slides or
comments need alteration to make your presentation smoother.
• Change the automatic slide transition settings for individual slides to fit the
amount of time needed for that slide and practice again. Are you still within
the time limit?
• Decide if you want to remove the automatic slide transition feature before giving the
presentation.

Content
• Make a list of key words/concepts for each slide
• Read through the list before you begin.
• Don’t attempt to memorize your text;
• Your words will probably be different each time you practice.

Delivering Your Talk

Pre-Talk Preparation
• Plan to get there a few minutes early to set up and test the equipment.
• Dress appropriately for your audience.
• Turn off your cell phone.
Opening:
• Jump right in and get to the point.
• Give your rehearsed opening statement; don’t improvise at the last moment.
• Use the opening to catch the interest and attention of the audience.
• Briefly state the problem or topic you will be discussing.
• Briefly summarize your main theme for an idea or solution.
Speaking
• Talk at a natural, moderate rate of speech
• Project your voice.
• Speak clearly and distinctly.
• Repeat critical information.
• Pause briefly to give your audience time to digest the information on each new slide.
• Don’t read the slides aloud. Your audience can read them far faster than you can talk.
Body Language
• Keep your eyes on the audience
• Use natural gestures.
• Don’t turn your back to the audience.
• Don’t hide behind the lectern.
• Avoid looking at your notes. Only use them as reference points to keep you on track. Talk, don’t
read.

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Questions
• Always leave time for a few questions at the end of the talk.
• If you allow questions during the talk, the presentation time will be about 25% more than the practice
time.
• You can jump directly to a slide by typing its number or by right-clicking during the presentation and
choosing from the slide titles.
• Relax. If you’ve done the research you can easily answer most question.
• Some questions are too specific or personal. Politely refuse to answer.
• If you can’t answer a question, say so. Don’t apologize. “I don’t have that information. I’ll try to find
out for you.”

Length:
• To end on time, you must PRACTICE!
• When practicing, try to end early. You need to allow time for audience interruptions and questions.

Demeanour:
• Shows some enthusiasm. Nobody wants to listen to a dull presentation. On the other hand, don’t
overdo it. Nobody, talks and gestures like a maniac in real life. How would you explain your ideas to
a friend?
• Involve your audience. Ask questions, make eye contact, use humor.
• You’ll forget a minor point or two. Everybody does.
• If you temporarily lose your train of thought you can gain time to recover by asking if the audience
has any questions.

Conclusion:
• Concisely summarize your key concepts and the main ideas of your presentation.
• Resist the temptation to add a few last impromptu words

• End your talk with the summary statement or question you have prepared. What do you want them to
do? What do you want them to remember?
• Consider alternatives to “Questions?” for your closing slide. A summary of your key points, a
cartoon, a team logo, or a company logo may be stronger.

211
10 Suggestions for Great Presentation

• 1. Write your own introduction, Probably someone else is going to introduce you. Write the words
yourself, making it brief, pertinent, and emphasizing your credentials.
• 2. Know your audience. Make sure you know exactly who is going to be in the audience, why they
are there, and why they invited you to speak.
• 3. Check the setting. Go to the facility early to make sure you’re comfortable in the surroundings.
Check the microphone, lighting, audio/visual equipment, and any other factors that may affect your
performance. Meet the audience members as they arrive, this is a great way to build rapport and a
captive audience.
• 4. Start with a bang. The first thirty seconds have the most impact. Don’t waste these precious
seconds with “Ladies and Gentlemen” or a weather report. Come out punching with a starting
statement, quote, or story.
• 5. Use humor with caution. Don’t start with a joke unless you are absolutely brilliant at it. If you
bomb, you’re going to lose any credibility you have. And if your only humourous material is at the
beginning, the audience will be disappointed when you become serious.
• 6. Limit your topics. If you’re giving a half-hour speech, don’t expect to tell the audience everything
you know. Pick two or three important points. Embellish your points with story and examples.
• 7. Structure your information. You and your audience will remember your points better if you have a
clear outline. For example, start by saying, “Here are the five questions I’m asked most. “One grate
structure is three Alcoholics Anonymous statements: “This is where I was” – “This is where I am
now” – “This is how I got here.” (You can reverse the first two, beginning with where you are today
and then contrast it with where you started from.)
• 8. Use handouts. If your presentation involves statistics and analytical data, put them in a handout
that the audience can refer to. Don’t bore them by reciting a plethora of numbers. Stories are what
make a talk memorable and lively.
• 9. Don’t read your speech. Look your audience in the eye. Write down key points of statements so
you can refer to them, but deliver the rest of it spontaneously making eye contact. Practice with a
tape recorder or in front of friends and family. After every point, ask yourself, “Who cares?” If no
one does, omit it.
• 10. End with a bang. Write a strong and memorable closing statement or vivid example. Then
memorise it so, no matter what distractions may occur, you can always “bring it home.” When the
time comes, deliver your closing line directly to the audience, then accept their applause.

212
Successful Presentations

1. Have a main overall theme for the entire group presentation, as well as a main point for each section
of the presentation.
“We are here today to discuss how blood donation saves lives.”
“This seminar will provide you with the financial information you need to become independently
wealthy and live the life you’ve always dreamed of.”
2. Divide the entire programme up into sections to help the audience digest the information. Grouped
sections help increase retention and interest.
“This seminar will cover three main areas: First we’ll discuss problems with low blood reserves, next
we’ll learn why people aren’t donating, and finally, we’ll discuss simple solutions.”
“This three –day workshop will present new medical products now available to help cancer patients
become survivors. Today, we well review the benefits and drawbacks of current products, tomorrow,
we’ll discuss the most recently approved and finally, on Wednesday, we’ll talk about future products
in development.”
3. Select a lead presenter to open and close the presentation, handle announcements, and speaker
introductions. For long presentations, which require breaks, the lead presenter may also link one
section to another.
4. Encourage presenters to keep lecturing to a minimum when seminars run over many hours or days.
Try to work in ‘fun’ and interactive activities to increase learning and interest. It’s difficult to say
attentive at boring, lecture-filled seminars.
5. Group presentations are usually long and may run over several days. Be sure to include lost of
scheduled breaks to let audience members move around and get their blood flowing so they stay alert
and attentive. Don’t keep the audience sitting for more than about 90 minutes at a time.
6. Create clear transitions between speakers and sections to give the seminar cohesiveness. Don’t leave
it up to the audience to figure out how the speeches fit together. Tell them.
7. Give candy or small prizes to reward audience members for learning. Adults don’t get gold stars and
smiley faces for learning as kids do. You may be shocked at how attentive people can be when there
is a chance to win something.

8. Group presentation can be fun since all the focus isn’t on one presenter. Help each other out and have
a fun!

213
Managing Nervousness during Presentation

1. Smile
Even forcing a smile makes you feel more relaxed and lets the audience think that you are confident and sure
of yourself – especially when you are nervous.

2. Breathe
When people are nervous or anxious they often forget to breathe. Deep breathing will help lessen the
feelings of anxiety and help you maintain focus.

3. Keep a glass of water handy

Drinking water will help if you have problems with dry mouth and will also give you a ‘staling technique ‘
if you lose your place. Just take a sip of water and quickly look over your notes, then continue with your
speech.

4. Keep notes handy

Always have outlined typed notes near you during your presentation to keep you on track and help you if
you lose your place. Good speakers always have notes!

5. Finish on or under time

Audience members despise presenters who keep them past the schedule time. Going overtime could mean
the difference between a great speech and a horrible one.

Useful Phrases and Vocabulary for Presentations

Section of presentation Signpost language

Introducing the topic The subject/topic of my talk is…
I’m going to talk about…
My topic today is…
My talk is concerned with…
Overview (outline of presentation) I’m going to divide this talk into four parts.
There are a number of points I’d like o make.
Basically/ Briefly, I have three things to say.
I’d like to begin/start by…
Let’s begin/start by…
First of all, I’ll…
…and then I’ll go on to…
Then /Next…
Finally/Lastly…
Finishing a section That’s all I have to say about…
We’ve looked at…
So much for…
Starting a new section Moving on now to…
Turning to…
Let’s turn now to…
The next issue/topic/area I’d like to focus on…

214
 I’d like to expand/elaborate on…
Now we’ll move on to…
I’d like now do discuss…
Let’s look now at…
Analyzing a point and giving Where does that lead us?
recommendations Let’s consider this in more detail…
What does this mean for…?
Translated into real terms…
Why is this important?
The significance of this is…
Giving examples For example,...
A good example of this is…
As an illustration,…
To give you an example,…
To illustrate this point…
Summarising and concluding To sum up…
To summarise…
Right, let’s sum up, shall we?
Let’s summarise briefly what we’ve looked at…
If I can just sum up the main points…
Finally, let me remind you of some of the issues
We’ve covered…
To conclude…
In conclusion…
In short…
So, to remind you of what I’ve covered in this talk,…
Unfortunately, I seem to have run out of time, so
I’ll conclude very briefly by saying that…
I’d like now to recap…
Paraphrasing and clarifying Simply put…
In other words…….
So what I’m saying is…
To put it more simply…
To put it another way…
Invitation to discuss / ask I’m happy to answer any queries / questions.
qd questions Does anyone have any questions or comments?
Please feel free to ask questions.
If you would like me to elaborate an any point,
please ask.
Would you like to ask any questions?
Any questions?

215
Useful Phrases and Vocabulary for Presentations

Section of presentation Signpost language

Introducing the topic The subject/topic of my talk is ...
I'm going to talk about ...
My topic today is…
My talk is concerned with ...
Overview (outline of presentation) I’m going to divide this talk into four parts.
There are a number of points I'd like to make.
Basically/ Briefly, I have three things to say.
I'd like to begin/start by ...
Let's begin/start by ...
First of all, I'll...
… and then I’ll go on to …
Then/ Next ...
Finally/ Lastly ...
Finishing a section That's all I have to say about...
We've looked at...
So much for...
Starting a new section Moving on now to …
Turning to...
Let’s turn now to …
The next issue/topic/area I’d like to focus on …

I’d like to expand/elaborate on …

Now we'll move on to...
I'd like now to discuss...
Let's look now at...
Analysing a point and giving Where does that lead us?
recommendations Let's consider this in more detail...
What does this mean for...?
Translated into real terms...
Why is this important?
The significance of this is...
Giving examples For example,...
A good example of this is...
As an illustration,...
To give you an example,...
To illustrate this point...
Summarising and concluding To sum up ...
To summarise...
Right, let's sum up, shall we?
Let's summarise briefly what we've looked at...
If I can just sum up the main points...
Finally, let me remind you of some of the issues we've covered...
To conclude...
In conclusion ...
In short ...

216
 So, to remind you of what I’ve covered in this talk, …
Unfortunately, I seem to have run out of time, so I’ll conclude very
briefly by saying that …..
I'd like now to recap...
Paraphrasing and clarifying Simply put...
In other words.......
So what I’m saying is....
To put it more simply....
To put it another way....
Invitation to discuss / ask questions I’m happy to answer any queries/ questions.
Does anyone have any questions or comments?
Please feel free to ask questions.
If you would like me to elaborate on any point, please ask.
Would you like to ask any questions?
Any questions?

217
 3.4. COMMON INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
Reviews these typical interviews questions and think about how you would answer them.
1. Tell me about yourself:
The most often asked question in interviews. You need to have a short statement prepared in your mind.
Be careful that is does not sound rehearsed. Limit it to work-related items unless instructed otherwise.
Talk about things you have done and jobs you have held that relate to the position you are interviewing
for. Start with the item farthest back and work up to the present.

2. Do you consider yourself successful?

You should always answer yes and briefly explain why. A good explanation is that you have set goals,
and you have met some and are on track to achieve the others.

3. What do you know about this organization?

This question is one reason to do some research on the organization before the interview. Find out where
they have been and where they are going. What are the current issues and who are the major players?

4. What have you done to improve your knowledge in the last year?
Try to include improvement activities that relate to the job. A wide variety of activities can be mentioned
as positive self-improvement. Have some good ones handy to mention.

5. Are you applying for other jobs?

Be honest but do not spend a lot of time in this area. Keep the focus on this job and what you can do for
this organization. Anything else is a distraction.

Why do you want to work for this organization?

This may take some thought and certainly, should be based on the research you have done on the
organization. Sincerity is extremely important here and will easily be sensed. Relate it to your long-term
career goals.

6. What kind of salary do you expect?

A loaded question. A nasty little game hat you will probably lose if you answer first. So, do not answer
it, Instead, say something like, That’s a tough question. Can you tell me the range for this position? In
most cases, the interviewer, taken off guard, will tell you. If not, say the it can depend on the details of
the job. Then give a wide range.

7. Are you a team player?

You are, of course, a team player. Be sure to have examples ready. Specifics that show you often
perform for the good of the team rather than for your self are good evidence of your team attitude. Do
not brag just say it in a matter-of-fact tone. This is a key point.

8. What is your philosophy towards work?

The interviewer is not looking for a long or flowery dissertation here,. Do you have strong feelings that
the job gets done? Yes, That’s the type of answer that works best here. Short and positive, showing a
benefit to the organization.

218
9. Explain how you would be an asset to this organization.
You should be anxious for this question. It gives you a chance to highlight your best points as they relate
to the position being discussed. Give a little advance thought to this relationship.

10. Why should we hire you?

Point out how your assets meet what the organization needs. Do not mention any other candidates to
make a comparison.

11. What irritates you about co-workers?

This is a trap question. Think real hard but fall to come up with anything that irritates you. A short
statement that you seen to get along with folks is great.

12. What is your greatest strength ?

Numerous answers are good, just stay positive. A few good examples: Your ability to prioritize, your
problem-solving skill, your ability to work under pressure, Your ability to focus on projects, Your
professional expertise, Your leadership skill, Your positive attitude

13. What kind of person would you refuse to work with?

Do not be trivial. It would take disloyalty to the organization, violence or lawbreaking to get you to
object. Minor objections will label you as a whiner.

14. What is more important to you: the money or the work?

Money is always important, but the work is the most important. There is no better answer.

15. Tell me about your ability to work under pressure.

You may say that you thrive under certain types of pressure. Give an example that relates to the type of
position applied for.

16. Are you willing to work overtime? Nights? Weekends?

This is up to you. Be totally honest.

17. Do you have any blind spots?

Trick question. If you know about blind spots, they are no longer blind spots. Do not reveal any personal
areas of concern here. Let them do their own discovery on your bad points. Do not hand it to them.

18. Do you have any questions for me?

Always have some questions prepared. Questions prepared where you will be as asset to the organization
are good. How soon will I be able to be productive? and what type of projects will I be able to assist on?
are examples,

And Finally Good Luck

219
 Few More . . .

1. What do you have to offer us?

2. What has prompted you to apply for this position?
3. What do you want from us?
4. At the end of the first year, if you got this job, how would you measure your success?
5. What appeals to you about this job?
6. What are your long-term plans?
7. What do you see yourself doing in five years from now?
8. How long do you expect to stay with us?
9. Tell us about yourself.
10. Why should we appoint you?
11. Have you applied for other jobs?
12. How do you handle pressure?
13. Aren’t you over qualified for this position?
14. What are your major strengths and weaknesses?
15. How much do you know about our organization?
16. How much do you expect to be paid?
17. Have you any questions for us?
18. Why did you choose to major in your field?
19. What do you do in your spare time?
20. What are the most important considerations for you in choosing a job?
21. How do you get on with other people?
22. Tell us about a project or piece of research you have worked on while at university

220
 WH Question Words
We use question words to ask certain types of questions (question word questions). We often refer to
them as WH words because they include the letters WH (for example WHy, HoW).

Question Word Function Example

asking for information about something

what What is your name?

asking for repetition or confirmation

What? I can't hear you.
You did what?

what...for asking for a reason, asking why What did you do that for?

when asking about time When did he leave?

where asking in or at what place or position Where do they live?

which asking about choice Which colour do you want?

who asking what or which person or people (subject) Who opened the door?

whom asking what or which person or people (object) Whom did you see?

whose asking about ownership Whose are these keys?

Whose turn is it?

why asking for reason, asking what...for Why do you say that?

why don't making a suggestion Why don't I help you?

how asking about manner How does this work?

asking about condition or quality How was your exam?

how + adj/adv asking about extent or degree see examples below

how far distance How far is Pattaya from

Bangkok?

how long length (time or space) How long will it take?

how many quantity (countable) How many cars are there?

how much quantity (uncountable) How much money do you have?

how old age How old are you?

how come (informal) asking for reason, asking why How come I can't see her?

221
Silent Letters in English

Have you ever been surprised by a word’s spelling in English? It probably happens all of the time. You either see a
word first and try to pronounce it by saying all the letters, only to be misunderstood. Or, you learn a word’s correct
pronunciation but then spell it wrong. Don’t worry! Everyone has to memorize these rules, including native English
speakers.

Here is a list of silent letters and the words you will find them hiding inside:

Silent “b” : debt / plumber / doubt

Silent “c” : muscle / scene / scissors / Connecticut (The middle “c” is silent.)

Silent “ch” : yacht

Silent “d” : Wednesday / handkerchief

Silent “g” : sign / foreign

Silent “h” : herb / hour

Silent “k” : knowledge / know / knack / knock / knife

Silent “l” : talk / walk / half / folk / could / should / would

Silent “n” : column / condemn

Silent “p” : receipt / psychology / cupboard / Campbell

Silent “s” : isle / island

Silent “t” : listen / mortgage / fasten / Christmas

Silent “z” : rendezvous

222
 3.5. Simulated interview

What are your personal qualities?

Make a list of some of your personal qualities, for example, sensitive, warm,
supportive, friendly.

1 ------------------- 6 --------------

2 ------------------- 7 ------------

3 ------------------ 8 -------------

4 ------------------- 9 -------------

5 ----------------------------------------- 10 -----------------------------

Tell me something about yourself.

Select two personal qualities that are similar to each other or that go together and use
an example from your I can do and I have done statements to illustrate them.

Example: I am an honest person. I can be trusted.

I worked in a store and took care of the cash and stock on own.
1.

2.

3.

4.

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*Use these five sentences to explain to the interviewer something about yourself in the following
interview.

The simulated interview.

In groups of three take it in turns to interview each other using the dialogue on the
following page. One person should listen and give feedback at the end.

Interviewee: (Knock Knock)

Interviewer: Come In. Hello, my name's . Pleased to meet you.

Interviewee: Hello, my name's --------. Pleased to meet you too.

Interviewer: Please have a seat.

Interviewee: Thank you.

Interviewer: Thank you for coming today. Did you travel far?

Interviewee: About kilometers.

------
Interviewer: How did you come here?

Interviewee: I came here by ____________ _

Interviewer: So, I have your resume, but can you tell me something about yourself?
Interviewee: [*Five sentences, each with two personal qualities and an example of how they
show your qualities.]
Interviewer: Thank you. Why do you want to work for this company?
Interviewee: I'm not looking for just a salary. I enjoy my work and I am proud
of my profession. Your company aims to be the best and I think
that gives us certain things in common. I believe that I would fit in
Well with your team.
Interviewer: Do you have any questions for me?
Interviewee: Yes, I do. Why is this job available?
Interviewer: The person who was working here before left to travel around the world.

Interviewee: Where does the job lead?

Interviewer: After about a year, you will be eligible for a promotion, which means you can be
transferred to any of the departments in the company. Do you have any more questions
for me?

Interviewee: No, I don't think so.

Interviewer: Thank you for coming. We will let you know

Interviewee: Thank you, goodbye.

Interviewer: Goodbye.

224
3.6. ROLE PLAYS / Situational SPEAKING & CASE
STUDIES

Helen is 24 and works in a Gordon is 40. He is looking for a

Meeta is 17 She’s tall and has
newsagent’s She likes reading partner who will be faithful,
long dark hair. She likes going to
and sewing. She doesn’t like rude unlike his previous four wives.
the cinema and spending time
people or going to pubs and He is wealthy and enjoys
with her friends. She’s studying
clubs. She is short, with black spending money. He hasn’t got
Art at college and works part-
shoulder-length hair. She likes any children He’s short and
time. He doesn’t like smoking
older men. tanned

Louise works part-time as a

Gerry is teacher at a local primary Lee is 59. He’s a widower. He
dental nurse. She is a single mum.
school. He loves expensive was married for 38 years and is
She’s got two children aged 7 and
holidays. He is of average height now looking for another partner.
10. She is pretty and has got long
but overweight. He has got brown He enjoys fishing and plays tennis
brown hair. She’s 32 She likes
hair and usually wears a suit. He regularly. He has three grown-up
meals out and travelling to new
enjoys socializing with friends. children. He is bald.
places.

Jack is a former racing driver. He Glen is unemployed. He has been Shahla us 52 and recently
works abroad for six months of looking for a job for two years divorced. She hopes to meet a
the year. He is looking for a but has now given up. He’s 26 man who will sweep her off her
partner with whom he can start a and makes some money selling feet. She is slim and quite
family. He’s 36 and not CDs by his folk band, The attractive. She likes tall,
particularly good looking, Assistants. He prefers quiet, handsome men. She works in a
although he is slim. He smokes. Petite women. bank and loves to cook.

225
Handout 2: First Contacts

1. Talking about work

Talk about your company and your job using the words below to help.
work department responsible for deal with there are I'm
team time goods do in customers
manufacture subsidiaries provide , services market make
in charge of colleagues market share studies boss I've been
roughly handle turnover employee about organize
s

2. When do you use English?

Discuss when you use English at work.

on the phone on visits in meetings in emails In teleconferences

socially in reports for research in training for presentations

What is a typical day or week?

When is your busiest period?
What do you like/dislike about your job?
Is English vital/important/quite useful/an extra?

3. Outside work
Discuss these topics with your colleagues.
sport hobbies holidays
reading films travel
home TV computer
car family shopping
going out theatre food
news Europe the U.S.

4. Pronunciation
What pronunciation problems do you think you have? Do this quick check. Say the following words and phrases.
1 heart earth rough would field

filled through worked said repeated

2 secretary competitor turnover project headcount

thorough advertise delay wholesale recommended

3 Are you new? Where are you from? Go ahead.

Really? 1 was wondering ... Excuse me.

Would you mind if I...?

226
Handout 6: Speaking up

1. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

2. The perfect working week is four days

3. Sonie countries invent while others simply copy.

4. Pharmaceutical companies should give free drugs to poorer countries.

Internet shopping is dangerous.

5. Space exploration is a waste of money.

6. The rich should pay much higher taxes.

7. It should be compulsory to vote in national elections.

8. All goods should be transported by rail rather than road.

9. The tie is a pointless item of clothing.

Talk about one of the following for about two minutes.

1. Your hero

2. Your favorite book or film

3. Your favorite place

4. Your childhood

5. Three things you want to do before you die

An amusing story or joke

6. An amusing story or joke

7. A game

8. Your favorite dish and how to make it

9. Your perfect day

10. Your job and what you love/hate about it

227
 Read one of the articles below and prepare to talk about it for three minutes.

Going shopping is making The average company If you are planning to sell your

People more and more angry. employee does not have house, here are some tips

The cause of this anger many benefits. But senior which will make it easier to

varies from person to person, managers in some of the sell - and at a higher price, too.

but it is often as simple as world's largest firms have the Firstly, remove all traces of any

Waiting in a very long queue. most unbelievable perks. For pets - people really don't like

Some shoppers become example, the chairman of a the smell of animals inside the

enraged when a particular well-known international house. Next, paint your walls

Item is out of stock. Others bank has free dental care for in a neutral colour. White is

get angry If they think the life written into his contract best - people often react badly

shop assistants are being for him and his wife: The to strong colours. If you can,

rude, or are not interested in CEO of an American install a new bathroom -

helping them. Older people construction firm recently potential buyers love the

who try and jump the queue, used the company jet to fly Thought of a brand new wash-

and people with children who his dog from Los Angeles to ing area. When people come to

misbehave, can also cause Miami. Meanwhile, a senior look around, put some bread in

outbreaks of anger and even manager in the UK is under the oven and make: some real

violence. More and more investigation for using his coffee. Both of these· smells are

shops are employing security chauffeur, paid for by the very attractive and create a

guards - not to watch out for company, to drive his good ambience. All of this will

thieves, but to protect the daughter to and from school. cost a few euros, but you will

staff from angry customers. The question is, with their definitely get your money

enormous salaries, do these back, and morel

people really need the

shareholders to pay for their

extras?

228
HOW TO BE MORE POLITE

× √

DON’T SAY SAY

I want a hamburger I’d like a hamburger

Send me the report could you send me the report?

Leave me alone Could you give me a minute?

Tell me when you’re available Let me know when you’re available

You’re wrong I thing you might be mistaken

That’s a bad idea I’ m not so sure that’s a good idea

Your work isn’t good I’m not quite satisfied with this work

I don’t like the colors in this design I’m not too fond of the colours in this design

USEFUL PHRASES TOUSE DURING BUSINESS MEETINGS

DISAGREEING WITH
INTERRUPTING OTHER OPINIONS
May I have a word? Up to a point I agree
with you, but….
If I may, I think... (I’m afraid) I can’t agree
Excuse me for interrupting.
ADVISING AND SUGGESTIG
GIVING OPINIONS We should...
I (really) feel that ... Why don't you....
In my opinion... How/What about...
The way I see things... I suggest/recommend that ’

ASKING FOR OPINIONS CLARIFYING

Do you (really) think that ... (Statement) Have I made?
(name of participant) can? That clear?
We get your input? (Statement) Do you see
How do you feel about....? what 11m getting at?
Let me put this another way
COMMENTING ON OPINIONS (Statement)
I've never thought about it I’d just like to repeat that
that way before. (Statement)
Good point!
I get your point. ASKING FOR REPETITON
I see what you mean. I didn't catch that.
Could you rep at that,
AGREEING Please?
Exactly! Missed that. Could you say
That's (exactly) the way I it again n, please?
feel. Could you run that by me
I have to agree with (name One more time?
of participant).

229
SPEAKING

1. What does your dream life look like?

2. What does your ideal day look like?
3. Where do you see yourself in 6 months? A year? 5 years? 10 years?
4. What do you know to be true today that you didn't know a year ago?
5. In this moment. What are four things you're grateful for?
6. What limiting beliefs are holding you back from living your dream life?
7. What distractions are hindering your productivity?
8. What actions can you take today to simplify your life?
9. When do you feel most in tune with yourself?
10. If you could talk to anyone dead or alive. It would be..... Because....
11. Write down your top 10 goals to complete by the end of the year.
12. Who do you look up to the most? Why?
13. If someone else described you what do you think they'd say? Why?
14. What does happiness mean to you?
15. How have you changed in the last 5 years?
16. If today was your last day. What would you do?
17. If you could give advice to your younger self, what would you say?
18. How do you spend your Sundays?
19. What do you need more of in your life?
20. If you could have any three things in the world, w t would they be?
21. Describe in great detail what 5 years from now looks like.
22. What are10 things you love about yourself? Why?
23. What are you most grateful for in your life?
24. What activities sets your soul on tire?
25. How can you feel more fulfilled in your life?
26. If you couldn't fail, what would you do?
27. What do you need more of in my life? Less of?
28. What are your best qualities?
29. If you could go anywhere in the world, where would it be and why?
30. What’s your dream job?

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Something more …

Asking someone to say something again

- Pardon?
- I’m sorry I didn’t hear / catch what you said.
- Would / could you say that again. Please?
- I’m sorry, what did you say?
- What was that?
Informal: - What was that again...?
Very informal: - What? /Eh [ei]? /Mm?

Checking you have understood

- So
- Does that mean..?
- Do you mean …?
- If I understand right...
- I’m not sure I understand. Does that mean..?

Saying something another way

- In other words
- That means
- What I means is...
- That’s to say...
- ...or rather...
- What I’m trying to say is....
- What I’m driving at / getting at is...

Giving yourself time to think

- Oh /er/um.
- Let me see / think.
- Just a moment...
- You see...
- ..You know....
- How shall I put it?
- ..Now what’s the word..?

Checking someone has understand you

- Do you know what I mean?

- ..If you see what i mean.
- I hope that’s clear?
- Informal: - Are you with me?
▪ Get it?
▪ Right?
- Very informal: - Got the message [‘ ]?

Changing the subject

- ..By the way..

- ….before I forget...
- ….I nearly forgot….

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 You want to add something

- I’d like to make another point.

- I’d also like to say....

You need help

- I don’t understand .I’m sorry.
- I’m not sure I understand what you mean.
- What‘s the meaning of..?
- What does the word... mean?
- What’s the French/ the English word for...?
- I didn’t hear what you said.
Repeat, please?
Say it again, please?

- Can you explain it again, please?

- Could you spell that word, please?
- Would you write it on the board, please?
Speak lounder/up, please?
Speak more slowly. Please?
-Could you step aside, please? I can’t see the board.
You want to apologize
- Sorry, I ‘m late.
- I apologize [poladzaiz] for being late.
- I’m afraid I’ve forgotten my workbook.
Don’t be dumb

- I’m afraid I don’t know.

- I haven‘t a clue [klu;].
- I’m afraid I haven’t got the faintest/slightest idea [ar’dr:e].
- I’m terribly sorry but I haven’t understood the question.
- Sorry I don’t know what you mean.
- I’m not sure I can answer.
- I’ve no idea (about) what I am expected to do.
- I wish I knew.
- I must admit I don’t know much about this problem.
- I’m sorry but I don’t know what to say.

Showing you’re interested

- Uh, uh. ( )
- I see... ( )
- Really? ( )
- OH, yes. ( )
- How interesting!
- I know / see what you mean.

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 1. Case No 1 :

The global brand Adidas is a sports clothing manufacturer from Germany which was registered in 1949. They
have a large range for both men and women including shoes; hats, leisure, and casual wear and an assortment
of accessories. Adidas has millions of customers that go through the consumer decision – making process on a
daily basis and because of the way that it has positioned itself in the market; consumers regularly decide to
buy Adidas products. Since it was established in Germany in 1949, by Adolf Dassler, Adidas has been
synonymous with the sporting industry. Today, Adidas is a global public company and is one of the largest
sports brands in the world. It is a house-hold brand name with its three stripes logo recognized in markets
across the world. The company’s product portfolio is vast, ranging from state-of-the –art sport footwear and
clothing to accessories such as bags, watches, eyewear and other sports related goods and equipment’s.
Employing over 46000, People worldwide, the Adidas group consist of around 170 subsidiaries including
Reebok. Taylor made Adidas Gold, Rockport and (CM-Hockey). The Groups headquarters are in
Herzogenauruch, Germany. In the second quarter of 2013 the Group’s revenue was $3.383 billion. Adidas
brand positioning is clear and distinct. Adidas has a genuine and far reaching respect for sport and this is
manifested in the company’s devotion to making the best-possible performance products for athletes. The
brand mission is quite simply to become the leading sports brand in the world. It aims to do this by becoming
the best performing brand in all sporting goods categories to achieve this, the brand continues to produce the
highest quality performance products possible at market place prices. Furthermore, products will continue to
be designed and developed to enhance the performance of all who participate in sport, irrespective of their age,
gender ability.

Questions:
1) How is consumer decision- making process done in buying Adidas a branded sport product?
2) Why do most of customer purchase Adidas brand in sports?

2. Case No 2 :

Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) a multi-product transnational company, creates, develops and markets a
range of products such as paints, foods, fragrances and personal care items used daily by consumers. As such
ICI group may be seen as a huge International Business Group. ICI was formed in 1926 by the merger of four
of the largest chemical companies in UK ICI began to abandon its conventional country-by-country
organization and established worldwide business units. The laboratories of the company across the countries
were given independent roles for developing market driven R & D close to the competitors. ICI today is a
world class business, many of them leaders in their respective products. The company employs more than
35,000 people. The product range is 50,000 strong that accounted for sales of $ 5.8 billion in 2003. Will the
future be the same for ICI?

Questions:
1) Analyse the global marketing environment of present economic conditions with respect of ICT.
2) How can ICI increase the effectiveness of its international marketing mix?

3. Case no 3:

Santosh and Vijay are tow enterprising youths. They have passed out from IIM Bangalore. They have passed
out from IIM Bangalore. They thought instead of doing a job, They will launch fresh vegetables in Indian
market Having learnt of the future conventional food, they decided to venture into cultivation of mushrooms.
Mushrooms are known to be the best alternative food for vegetation’s. For Santosh and Vijay fund raising was
a serious handicap for mass production. However, the first trial batch of mushrooms that they produced was
bought by Star Hotel in Bangalore. Further, the hotel placed orders for supply of 20 kgs every day. Now
Mushroom industry in run by small entrepreneurs like Santosh and Vijay another big player M/s Ashtavinayak
Mushrooms’ equipped with cold storage facility was more interested in the export market. Santosh and Vijay
has set their sights high. They aim to sell Mushrooms in a very big way all over India. Mushrooms have a
great market potential and is a perishable food.

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Questions:

1) How will you advice Santosh and Vijay as how to increase the consumer awareness about this new food?
2) What would be your suggestions for distribution channel for Mushrooms?

4. Case No. 4:

A certain electrode manufacturing company used to buy approximately 4, 00,000 pcs. Packing cases in a year and
the specification provided for 5”/8 thickness of the plank. During the annual contract suggestions were invited
from the supplier with a view to economizing on the cost. One supplier came with the suggestion that by reducing
the thickness from 6”/8 which was a non-standard six to 1”2. The saving per case would be approximately 50 p.
This was implemented with the help of the technical personnel concerned and resulted in a saving of nearly two to
three lakhs of rupees per year on single item.

Questions:

1) What would be the cause of thinking of a change in packing cases?

2) Does it affect the :
a) Profitability of the company
b) Price at which they can market the product
c) Marketing volume and hence volume of turnover
d) Again, overall profitability to a higher value
3) What should be done to ensure that no such unknown loss happens in future?

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3.7. COMMONLY USED BUSINESS JARGONS
Let’s touch base offline
What this means is “let’s meet in person, outside of this call or meeting, and discuss the matter
further.”

Blue sky thinking

If someone says they want to do some blue sky thinking, they want to hear ideas and suggestions that
would be feasible in a perfect world where there are no limits or constraints.

Punch a puppy
This sounds horrible, and is only marginally less horrible when you learn that it signifies doing
something objectionable, unpleasant, or morally wrong that will have a positive effect for the business
or organization.

Thought shower
This is the same thing as “brain storm” – to come up with a whole bunch of ideas about a problem,
situation, or concept.

Thinking outside the box

This is an older one: it means to look at a situation creatively or in new or different ways than have
traditionally been tried.

It’s on my radar
Bringing the world of surveillance into the office, this phrase means that you are aware of a situation
or fact and are keeping an eye on its progress.

Close of play
In the U.S. this is usually “close of business,” and it means the same thing: The end of the working
day.

Singing from the same hymn sheet

This signified ensuring that everyone involved in a project or piece of work has the same information
and is in agreement about how to proceed.

Peel the onion

The onion is a problem or situation, and peeling it indicates that it needs to be looked at in detail, to
determine the various layers of information and work involved.

Washes its own face

When something (such as an investment, a process or a service) earns its keep, breaks even, or pays for
itself, it is said to wash its own face.

Circle back
If asked to “circle back” with a supervisor or colleague, you should complete your work or assignment
and then consult with the other person to review what you’ve done and determine how to proceed.

Action something
As it sounds, to action something simply means to take action: do it or get it started.

Reach out
To contact someone to seek their input, feedback, advice, or participation related to a work project,
problem, or issue.

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Game changer
This is a big deal – a turn of events, a result, or a new idea or approach that completely changes the
context or outcome of a project, event, or market. It can be intentional, something that is put into
motion by a person, or it can be an external occurrence or event beyond the control of the people you
are working with.

Ladder up
This is a weird one for sure. If something “ladders up” to or with something else, it entails connecting
a specific thing to a larger theme or topic. For example, you might be asked how your department’s
project or initiative ladders up with the strategic goals of the company.

Going forward
This is a slightly awkward and stilted way to say “in the future” or “from now on.” Your boss might
ask you to change the way you do something going forward, so be sure to do it that way every time
from that moment on.

Drill down
Similar to “peel the onion,” this indicates that some investigation needs to happen to determine the root
causes or underlying implications of a situation, issue, or problem.

Helicopter view
People in a helicopter get a great overview of everything beneath them, and that’s what your colleague
is hoping to achieve if they want to get the helicopter view of something. Don’t get bogged down with
details, just provide the general idea of what’s happening.

Elevator pitch
Imagine you’re in an elevator with a prospective client. You have approximately 90 seconds to tell
them about your business proposal or about what you do, in a simple and clear manner. That’s your
elevator pitch.

In/out of the loop

If you’re IN the loop, it means you’re aware of everything that is going on related to a situation,
project, or issue. If you’re out of the loop, you do not have all the information you need to understand
what’s going on.

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 3.8. SOMETHING MORE . . .
Conversation Starters
Everyone has trouble starting conversations sometimes, but if you stutter it can seem even harder to get in
there! This can happen at school, at parties or anywhere.
Often, you can start a conversation with a neutral comment, or an open question which can be answered in
many different ways.
How Can I Start or Make Conversation at a Party?
Go to a party with a friend! Introduce yourselves to people in a pair!
It's a fun way to meet people and if you can't think of something to
say- your friend can help you out! Here are some ways to start a
conversation:

 'Hi, how are you going?'

 'Hello'

 'Hey Mate'

 'Hi, my name is ______.'

 'What's happening?'

 'What's going on?'

 'So, what do you know?'

 'Are you having a good time/night?'

 'Are you up for a game of ....?' (pool, darts etc.)

 'Did you see the football last night?'

 'How do you know ______?' (name of the host of the party)

 'Do you know many people here?'

 'Are you into this music?'

Give a compliment such as:

 Boy to a girl 'You look nice tonight'

 Boy to a boy 'Where'd you get your shirt?'

 Girl to a girl ' I like your bag/shoes/ jacket'

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Or you could try saying:
 'I'm getting a drink, can I get you one?'

 'Are you having a big/late night?'

 'Have you been here before?'

 'Where do you like to go out with your friends?'

 'Any talent here?'

 'So what do you do with yourself?'

How Can I Start a Conversation at a Sporting Group,

Club or Somewhere Else?

 'Have you been here before?'

 'How many seasons have you played?'

 'How often do you train/practise?'

 'What grade/level do you play?'

 'How does your team usually go?'

 'Do you live close by?'

 'How did you get here tonight?'

 'Do you know many people here?'

 'How many people are in the club?'

 'How long have you been coming here for?'

What are Some General Conversation Topics?

 'What are your plans for the weekend?'

 'Did you do anything exciting on the

weekend?'

 'What school do you go to?'

 'What year are you in?'

 'What do you want to do when you finish school?'

 'Do you play sport?'

 'Did you see the game last night?'

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  'Who do you follow?' (sporting team)

 'What do you like to do?'

Here are some movie, music and tv topics:

Have you seen the movie ______?'

 'Have you seen any movies lately?'

 'What do you think of _______?' (actor, actress, football player etc.)

 'What kind of music do you like?'

 'Who's your favourite band?'

 'Have you been to any concerts lately?'

 'What's your favourite TV show?'

 'Have you been watching __________?' (name of TV show)

You could ask someone about their job and/or holidays:

 'Do you have a part time job?'

 'Where do you work?'

 'Have you got your driver's licence/ are you on your L/P plates?'

 'Have you been on any good holidays?

 'Have you been overseas before?'

 'Do you want to travel overseas?'

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How much do you know yourself.

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THE 100 Most Beautiful Words in English
Ailurooguke : A cat – lover.

Assemblage : A gathering

Becoming : Attractive

Beleaguer : To exhaust with attacks.

Brood : To think alone.

Bucolic : In a lovely rural setting.

Bungalow : A small , cozy cottage.

Chatoyant : Like a cat’s eye

Comely : Attractive

Conflate : To blend together.

Cynosure : A focal point of admiration

Dalliance : A brief love affair.

Demesne : Dominion , territory.

Demure : Shy and reserved.

Denouement : The resolution of a mystery.

Desuetude : Disuse.

Desultory : Slow , sluggish.

Diaphanous : Filmy.

Dissemble : Deceive.

Dulcet : Sweet sugary.

Ebullience : Bubbling enthusiasm.

Effervescent : Bubbly.

Efflorescence : Flowering, blooming.

Elision : Dropping a sound or syllable in a word.

Elixir : A good potion.

Eloquence : Bequty and persuaion in speech.

Emborcation : A softner.

Ephemeral : Short-lived

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Epiphany : A sudden revelation

Ingenue: A naïve young woman.

Inglenook : A cozy nook by the hearth.

Insouciance : Blithe nonchalance.

Inure: To become jaded.

Labyrinthine : Twisting and truning

Lagniappe : A small gulf or inlet.

Languor: Listlessness , inactivity.

Lassitude: Weariness, listlessness.

Leisure : Free time.

Lilt: To move musically or lively.

Lissome : Slender and graceful

Lithe: Slender and flexible.

Love: Deep affection.

Mellifluous : Sweet sounding.

Moiety: One of two equal parts.

Mondergreen; A slip of the ear.

Murmurers : Murmuring.

Nemesis : An unconquerable archenemy.

Offing: the Sea between the horizon and the offshore.

Onomatopoeia : A word that sounds like its meaning.

Opulent: Lush, luxuriant.

Palimpsest: A manuscript written over earlier ones.

Panoply: A complete set.

Pastiche: An art work combining materials from various sources.

Penumbra : A half – shadow.

Petrichor : The smell of earth after rain.

Plethora : A large quantity.

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Propinquity : An inclination.

Pyrrhic : Successful with heavy losses.

Quintessential : Most essential.

Ratatouille : A spicy French stew.

Ravel: To knit or unknit.

Redolent : Fragrant.

Redolent : Fragrant

Riparian : By the bank of a stream.

Ripple: A very small wave.

Scintilla : A spark or very small thing.

Sempiternal : Eternal.

Seraglio : Rich, luxurious oriental palace or harem.

Serendipity : Finding something nice while looking for something else.

Summery: Light, delicate or warm and sunny.

Sumptuous: Lush, luxurious.

Surreptitious : Secretive, sneaky.

Ssusquehanna : A river in Pennsylvania.

Susurrus: Whispering, hissing.

Talisma: A good luck charm.

Tintinnabulation: Tinkling.

Umbrella: Protection from sun or rain.

Untoward: Unseemly, inappropriate.

Vestigial: In trace amounts.

Wafture: Waving.

Wherewithal : The means.

Woebegone: Sorrowful, downcast

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 Instead of Nice USE : Instead of Like

Kind Congenial love prefer

benevolent agreeable admire cherish
thoughtful courteous appreciate care for
gracious warm fancy favor
considerate cordial adore enjoy
decent humane idolize treasure

Instead of ran Use : Instead of walked :

hurried bolted staggered shuffled
raced darted traveled sauntere
scurried sped trudged lumbere
dashed Jogged strutted paraded
galloped sprinted marched ambled
trotted rushed hiked strolled

Instead of sad use: Instead of happy

downed unhappy glad merry
depressed dejected jovial content
woeful forlorn jubilant pleased
gloomy melancholy joyful delighted
miserable crest fallen thrilled jolly
sorrowful mournful cheerful elated

Instead of bad use: Instead of good

evil abhorrent great splendid
atrocious brutal pleasant superb'
obscene despicable marvelous grand
terrible sinister delightful terrific
dreadful nasty superior amazing
vile wicked wonderful excellent

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Business English word

Deficit - the total amount by which money spent is more than money.

Lucrative – producing a lot of money; profitable

Commodity - A substance or a primary product that can be traded or bought and sold usually in large

quantities

Inflation – An increase in the prices of goods and services over time, causing a reduction in the value of

money

Merger – the joining of two or more companies to make one larger company

Annual – happening once a year

Wage – is the money that someone is paid every week by their employer

Earning – is the total amount of money you earn from the job you do

Biannual – happening twice a year

Billboard - signboard for advertising posters

Scarcity – a very small supply of resources; a lack of something

Annual - happening once a year

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