1.

Solid State
1. Distinguish between crystalline and amorphous solids.
2. To which type the following solids belong to:
(a) NaCl (b) SlO2 (c) CH4 (d) Ca e) Diamond f) Brass
g) P4 molecule h) silver i) solid ice j) SO2 k) CO2 l) S8 molecule
3. Derive relationship between molar mass, density of substance and unit cell edge length.
4. Define: a) Anisotropy b) Isotropy c) Isomorphism f) Polymorphism g) Doping
5. Explain packing efficiency in a) simple cubic lattice b) body −centered cubic lattice
c) face−centered cubic lattice
6. Explain: (a) Vacancy defect (b) Self interstitial defect (c) Schottky defect
(d) Frenkel defect (e) Substitutional impurity defect (f) Interstitial impurity defect
(g) Metal deficiency defect (h) F−centers
7. Write the consequences of a) Schottky defect b) Frenkel defect
8. What are conductors, insulators and semiconductors?
9. Explain following based on band theory:
(a) Conduction band (b) Valence band (c) Band gap
10. What is intrinsic semiconductor?
11. What is extrinsic semiconductor and explain its types.
12. Explain types of solids on the basis of magnetic properties.

Note:- Refer to the textbook for solved and unsolved numericals.

2. Solution and Colligative Properties

1. Write different types of solutions with an example for each.

2. Define: Saturated, unsaturated and supersaturated solution.
3. Define solubility and explain factors affecting solubility.
4. State and Explain Henry’s law. Explain its exception. Define KH and write its units.
5. State and explain Raoult’s law. Give composition of vapour phase.
6. Derive Raoult’s law for non-volatile solution.
7. What is the ideal and non-ideal solution? Explain when positive and negative deviations are
observed.
8. Define colligative properties and enlist colligative properties.
9. What is lowering of Vapour pressure? Derive relative lowering of vapour pressure.
10. Derive the relationship between relative lowering of vapour pressure and molar mass of solute.
11. Define boiling point. Derive relation between elevation of boiling point (Ebullioscopic constant)
and molar mass of solute. Write SI unit for Kb (Ebullioscopic constant)
12. Define freezing point. Derive relation between freezing point depression (Cryoscopic constant)
and molar mass of solute. Write SI unit for Kf (Cryoscopic constant)
13. Define: Osmosis, Osmotic pressure, reverse osmosis, Isotonic, Hypertonic and hypotonic
solution.
14. Derive an expression to calculate molar mass of non-volatile solute by osmotic pressure
measurements.
15. How is water purified using reverse osmosis?
16. What is Van’t Hoff factor? Give its mathematical equation. Write modified expressions of
colligative properties.
17. Derive relationship between Van’t Hoff factor and degree of dissociation.

Note:- Refer to the textbook for solved and unsolved numericals.

3. Ionic Equilibria

1. Explain types of electrolytes.

2. What is the degree of dissociation? Write its formula.
3. Define acid and base on the basis of:
(a) Arrhenius theory (b) Bronsted−Lowry theory (c) Lewis theory
4. Why is the water amphoteric in nature?
5. Explain dissociation constant of weak acids and weak bases.
6. Derive Ostwald’s dilution law for a) weak acids b) weak bases
7. Derive ionic product of water. OR Explain auto ionization of water.
8. Derive relationship between pH and pOH. OR Show that: pH+pOH = 14
9. How solutions are classified on the basis of pH scale.
10. Why the solution of salt of strong acid and strong base is neutral?
11. Why the solution of salt of strong acid and weak base is acidic?
12. Explain nature of salt of weak acid and strong bases.
13. Explain:
(a) Salt of weak acid and weak base for Ka > Kb
(b) Nature of NH4CN or salt of weak acid and weak base (Ka < Kb)
(c) Nature of CH3COONH4 or salt of weak acid and weak are for Ka = Kb.
14. Explain types of buffer solutions. Give mathematical equation (Henderson Hasselbalch
equation) for each type.
15. What are the properties of buffer solutions.
16. Give applications of buffer solution.
17. Define solubility product. Give its general equation.
18. Derive relationship between solubility and solubility product.
19. Explain condition of precipitation.
20. Explain common ion effect.

Note:- Refer to the textbook for solved and unsolved numericals.

4. Chemical Thermodynamics
1. Explain types of system with suitable example.
2. Explain types of properties of system.
3. Explain different types of processes.
4. Show, PV = W
5. Give sign conventions for W and Q.
6. Derive an expression for pressure volume (PV) work.
7. What is free expansion.
8. Derive an expression for maximum work.
9. State and give mathematical equation for first law of thermodynamics.
10. Explain first law of thermodynamics for a) Isothermal process b) Adiabatic process
c) Isochoric process d) Isobaric process
11. Show that: H = U + PV.
12. Derive relationship between H and U for chemical reactions. OR H = U + ngRT
13. Show that: W = − ngRT and give sign convention with conditions for W.
14. Define: a) Enthalpy of fusion b) Enthalpy of vaporization c) Enthalpy of sublimation
d) Enthalpy of ionization e) Enthalpy of atomization f) Enthalpy of solution
g) Enthalpy of chemical reaction h) Standard enthalpy of combustion
i) Bond enthalpy
15. State and explain Hess’s law of constant heat summation.
16. Give features or key points of spontaneous process.
17. State second law of thermodynamics, give its mathematical equation and give different
conditions of Stotal.
18. Derive relation between G and Stotal and give their conditions for spontaneity.
19. Show temperature of equilibrium with mathematical equation.
20. Explain relationship between Gibbs function and equilibrium constant.

Note:- Refer to the textbook for solved and unsolved numericals.

5. Electrochemistry

1. Define: (a) Conductivity (b) Molar conductivity (c) Resistivity

(d) Electrochemical series (e) Electrode Rotational (f) Cell constant
(g) Reference electrode.

2. State and explain Kohlrausch law.

3. Describe the construction and working of standard hydrogen electrode, Give the two
disadvantages.

4. Explain the construction and working of lead accumulator.

5. Write the cell reactions during discharging and charging of lead accumulator.

6. Describe the construction and working of H2−O2 fuel cell. Give its advantages.
7. Describe the construction and working of Dry cell. Give its two uses.

8. Why is Nickel−cadmium referred to as a secondary cell? Write working of NICAD storage cell.
Also write its applications.

9. Write working of mercury battery. Give it two uses.

10. Define electrochemical series. Write its applications.

11. What is salt bridge? Write the functions of salt bridge.

12. Distinguish between electrolytic cell and galvanic cell.

13. Explain the electrolysis of molten NaCl.

14. Explain the electrolysis of aq. NaCl.

15. Explain the variation of molar conductivity with concentration.

16. Draw neat and labelled diagram of:

(a) Conductivity cell (b) Salt bridge (c) standard hydrogen electrode
(d) Dry cell (e) Lead storage cell (f) H2O2 fuel cell

Note:- Refer to the textbook for solved and unsolved numericals.

6. Chemical Kinetics
1. Define: (A) Average rate of reaction (B) Instantaneous rate of reaction (C) Rate law
(D) Rate of reaction (E) Zero order reaction (F) Pseudo−first order reaction
(G) Half-life of first order reaction (I) Order of reaction (J) Activation energy

2. Distinguish between molecularity and order of the reaction.

3. Derive integrated rate equation for first order reaction. Write unit of rate constant for the first
order reaction.

4. Derive relation between half-life and rate constant of the first order reaction.

5. Explain graphical representation of the first order reactions.

6. Derive integrated rate law for gas phase reaction.

7. Derive Integrated rate law for zero order reaction. Write unit of rate constant for the zero order
reaction.

8. Derive the equation for half life of zero order reaction.

9. Explain pseudo−first order reaction with suitable example.

10. Explain graphical method to determine activation energy of a reaction.

11. Write Arrhenius equation. Derive an expression for temperature variations.

12. Explain the effect of catalyst on the rate of reaction.

13. Consider the reaction:

d SO24 − 
3I (−aq) + S2O82−( aq) ⎯⎯→I 3−( aq) + 2 SO24(−aq) at particular time t, = 2.2  10−2 M/s.
dt
What are the values of the following at the same time?
d I  − −d S2 O82 −  −d I 3− 
(a) −   (b) (c)
dt dt dt

14. Write molecularity of the following reaction

2NO(g) + O2(g) ⎯⎯→ 2 NO2(g)

15. The decomposition of N2O5(g) at 320 K according to the following equation follows first order
reaction:
1
N2O5(g) ⎯⎯→ 2NO2(g) + O2(g)
2
The initial concentration of N2O5(g) is 1.24  10−2 mol. L−1 and after 60 minutes, 0.20  10−2 mol.
L−1 calculate the rate constant reaction at 320 K.

16. Ammonia and oxygen read at high temperature as:

4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) ⎯⎯→ 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
In an experiment, rate of formation of NO(g) is 3.6  10−3 mol L−1. S−1
Calculate: (a) Rate of disappearance of ammonia.
(b) Rate of formation of water.

17. The rate constant of a first order reaction are 0.58 s−1 at 315 K and 0.045 s−1 at 293 K. What is
the energy of activations for the reaction?

18. In the Arrehenius equation for a first order reaction the values of “A” and ‘Ea’ are 4  1013 sec−1
and 98.6KJ mol−1 respectively. At what temperature will its half life period be 10 minutes? [R =
8.314 JK−1 mol−1]

19. The rate law for the reaction

2H2(g) + 2NO(g) → N2(g) + 2H2O(g) is given by rate = = K[H2] [NO]2
The reaction occurs in the following two steps:
(a) H2(g) + 2NO(g) ⎯⎯→ N2O(g) + H2O(g)
(b) N2O(g) + H2(g) ⎯⎯→ N2(g) + H2O(g)
What is the rate of N2O in the mechanism? What is the molecularity of the elementary steps?

20. From the following data for the liquid phase reaction A → B, determine the order of reaction
and calculate its rate constant.

t/s 0 600 1200 1800

[A] Mol L−1 0.624 0.446 0.318 0.226

21. A certain reaction occurs in the following steps

(i) Cl(g) + O3(g) ⎯⎯→ ClO(g) + O2(g)
(ii) ClO(g) + O(g) ⎯⎯→ Cl(g) + O2(g)
(a) What is the molecularity of each of the elementary steps?
(b) Identify the reaction intermediate and write the chemical equation for overall reaction.

22. Find the overall order of the following reactions:

 (a) CHCl3(g) + Cl2(g) ⎯⎯→ CCl4(g) + HCl(g), Rate = K [CHCl3] [Cl2]
(b) 2NO(g) + O2(g) ⎯⎯→ 2NO2(g), Rate = K [NO]2 [O2]

23. Identify the molecularity of following elementary reaction.

NO(g) + O3(g) ⎯⎯→ NO3(g) + O(g)

Note:- Refer to the textbook for solved and unsolved numericals.

7. Elements of groups 16,17&18

1) Write electronic configuration of elements of group 16, 17 & 18.

2) Explain atomic properties of group 16, 17 & 18 with respect to following points:
i) Atomic & Ionic radii ii) Ionization enthalpy iii) Electronegativity iv) Electron gain enthalpy
3) Fluorine has less negative electron gain affinity than chlorine why?
4) Explain Anomalous behavior of:-
i) Oxygen compared to other members of group 16.
ii) Fluorine compared to other members of group 17.
5) Draw structures of oxoacids of sulphur.
6) Draw structures of oxoacids of chlorine.
7) What are interhalogen compounds? Write general characteristics of interhalogen compounds
& draw the structures of interhalogen compounds.
8) Draw structure of xenon compounds.
9) Write uses of i) Helium ii) Neon iii) Argon

8. Transition and Inner Transition Elements

1) What are transition elements? Explain their position in the modern periodic table.
2) Give general electronic configuration of 3d-series, 4d-series, 5d- series and 6d-series.
3) Why does Chromium have electronic configuration 3d54s1 and not 3d44s2?
4) Why does copper show abnormal electronic configuration?
5) Explain oxidation state of first transition series.
6) Explain the trend in: a) Atomic and ionic radii b) Ionization enthalpy c) Metallic character of first
transition series (3d).
7) Why are compounds of copper coloured while those of zinc colourless?
8) Why do the d-block elements in the periodic table form the coloured compound?
9) Why transition metal shows catalytic properties?
10) Why Manganese shows variable oxidation state?
11) Why do lanthanides form coloured compounds?
12) What are interstitial compounds? Why do these compounds have higher melting points than
corresponding pure metals?
13) Write any four properties of interstitial compounds.
14) Write the preparation, properties and uses of: a) KMnO 4 b) K2Cr2O7
15) Calculate spin only magnetic moment of divalent cation of transition metal with atomic number
25 and 24.
16) Define: a) Mineral b) Ore c) Flux d) Gangue e) Metallurgy f) Pyrometallurgy g)
Hydrometallurgy
17) Write the names and chemical formulae of minerals and ores of: a) Iron b) Copper c) Zinc
19) Mention the names of various steps involved in the extraction of pure metals from their ores.
20) Explain the reactions in the blast furnace during extraction of Iron from Hematite ore.
21) What are ‘d’ & ‘f’ block elements? Write their position in the periodic table.
22) What are lanthanons? Give names & symbols of any two rare earth elements.
23) Write the general outer electronic configuration of lanthanides and actinides.
24) Distinguish between Lanthanides and Actinides.
25) What is lanthanoid contraction?
26) What are trans uranium elements?
27) Why La(OH)3 is the strongest base, while Lu(OH)3 is the weakest base?
28) Iron exhibits+2 & +3 oxidation states. Write their electronic configuration. Which will be more
stable? Why?
29) Write the factors which are related to the colour of transition metal ions.
30) Why Fe3+ is more stable than Fe2+?
31) Why +2 oxidation state of manganese is more stable?
32) Explain 63Eu and 70Yb show +2 oxidation state.
33) Explain why does lanthanum forms La3+ ion, while Cesium forms Ce4+ ion.

Note: For Electronic Configuration refer textbook.

9. Coordination compound

1. Define ligand. How are ligands classified? Explain with suitable examples.

2. Define co−ordination number. What is the co−ordination number of Pt in [Pt (NH3) Cl5]?

3. Illustrate with example, the difference between a double salt and a co−ordination compound.

4. Write four postulates of Werner’s theory.

5. Explain with suitable example:-

(a) Homoleptic complexes (b) Hetroleptic complexes (c) Cationic complexes
(d) Anionic sphere complexes (e) Neutral sphere complexes

6. What is an effective atomic number (EAN). Calculate EAN of:-

(a) Copper (Z = 30) in [Cu (NH3)4]2+ (b) Cobalt (Z = 27) in [Co (NH3)6]3+
(c) Zinc (Z = 30) in [Zn (NH3)4]SO4 (d) Iron (Z = 26) in K4Fe (CN)6
(e) Chromium (Z = 24) in Cr (CO)6

7. Explain:- (a) Linkage isomers (b) Co−ordination isomers (c) Ionization isomers (d) Solute
isomers

8. Write applications of co−ordination compounds in medicine and electroplating.

9. What are low spin and high spin complexes?

10. What are strong field and weak field ligand?

11. On the basis of valence bond theory explain the geometry of

(a) [Co (NH3)6]3+
(b) [CoF6]3−
(c) [Ni (Cl)4]−
(d) [Ni (CN)4]2−
 10. Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
1. How the monohalogen compounds are classified?
2. State and explain ‘Markownikoff’s rule” with a suitable example.
3. Write Short Notes on: a) Finkelstein reaction b) Swartz reaction c) Wurtz reaction
d) Wurtz-Fitting reaction e) Fitting reaction f) Sandmeyer’s reaction
g) Balz-Schiemann reaction
4. Explain the mechanism of alkaline hydrolysis of Bromomethane.
5. Explain the mechanism of alkaline hydrolysis of tert-Butyl bromide.
6. Define: a) Asymmetric carbon atom b) Optical activity c) Racemic mixture d) Enantiomers
e) Plane polarized light
7. Explain Saytzeff rule with suitable example.
8. What is Grignard reagent?
9. Distinguish between SN1 and SN2 mechanism.
10. Mention any two uses and environmental effects of :-
1. Chloroform 2. Dichloromethane
3. Carbon tetrachloride 4. Iodoform
5. Freons 6. DDT
11. Draw structure of DDT.
12. Write the chemical reactions of chlorobenzene with respect to:-
1. Halogenation 2. Nitration
3. Sulphonation 4. Friedel craft alkylation
5. Friedel craft acylation
13. What is the action of following on ethyl bromide: -
1. aq. KOH or aq. NaOH 2. Excess of alc. NH3
3. Alc. KCN 4. Alc. AgCN
5. Potassium Nitrite 6. Silver Nitrite
7. Moist Silver Oxide 8. Sodium Methoxide
14. Write balanced chemical equations for the following conversions: -

1. Ethyl bromide to Ethyl methyl ether 2. Ethyl bromide to Ethene

3. Methyl bromide to Methyl ethanoate 4. Bromobenzene to Toluene
5. Chlorobenzene to Biphenyl 6. Ethyl bromide to Butane
7. p-Nitrochlorobenzene to p-Nitrophenol
8. 2,4–dinitrochlorobenzene to 2,4–dinitrophenol
9. 2,4,6–trinitrochlorobenzene to 2,4,6–trinitrophenol
10. 2-Bromobutane to But-2-ene
11. tert-Butyl alcohol to tert-Butyl bromide
12. Isopropyl alcohol to Isopropyl chloride
13. Ethyl alcohol to Ethyl iodide
14. Ethyl bromide to Ethyl isocyanide 15. Bromoethane to Ethoxyethane
16. 1-Chloropropane to 1-nitropropane 17. Propene to Propan-1-ol
18. Benzyl alcohol to Benzene cyanide 19. Ethanol to Propane nitrile
20. But-1-ene to n-Butyl iodide 21. Aniline to Chlorobenzene
22. 2-Chloropropane to Propan-1-ol
 15. What is the action of:-
1. Phosphorus trichloride on Propan-2-ol
2. Mg in dry ether on ethyl bromide
3. Phosphorus pentachloride on propan-2-ol
4. Thionyl chloride on ethanol
5. Hydrogen bromide on Isobutylene
6. Na in presence of dry ether on ethyl iodide

16. Explain optical isomerism in 2-Chlorobutane.

17. Give reason:

a) Alkyl halides are polar & immiscible with water.
b) Haloarenes are less reactive than haloalkanes.
c) Alkyl halides are generally not prepared by free radical halogenation of
alkanes.
d) Reactions involving Grignard reagent must be carried out
under anhydrous conditions.
e) Alkyl halides, when treated with alcoholic soln. of silver nitrite give
nitroalkanes whereas with sodium nitrite they give alkyl nitrites.
18. Complete the following reactions:-

Ag2O C2H5ONa
(a) C2H5B + ⎯⎯⎯
H O
⎯→ A ⎯⎯⎯⎯→
pynidine
SOCl , 
B ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯

→ C ⎯⎯⎯⎯
ColdHI
→ C2H5OH + D
2 2

(b) CH3 − CH = CH2 ⎯⎯⎯

→ A ⎯⎯⎯⎯
HBr
alc.KOH
→B
NH2

NaNO CH Br
(c) ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 2
HBr, 273K
→ A ⎯⎯⎯⎯
2 2
→B + N2 

(d) H3 − CH2 − CH − CH3 ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯

Alcoholic KOH

→ A + B + 2KBr + 2H2O
|
Br
(e) CH3−Br + Mg ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
dry ether
→ A + CO2 ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
dry ether
+
→ B + Mg(Br) OH
H /H2O

(f) CH3 − CH2 − Br + AgCN ⎯⎯→ A ⎯⎯⎯⎯→

Na 
C H OH
B
2 3

CH2Cl + mg ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ → B + MgCl ( OH)

H2O
(g) dry ether
→ A ⎯⎯⎯
Note : - Refer to the textbook for IUPAC.
 11. Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

1. What are alcohols?

2. What are phenols?

3. What are ethers? How they get classified?

4. What is metamerism?

5. Write a short note on:

(a) Dow process (b) Reimer − Tiemann reaction (c) Kolbe reaction
(d) Williamson synthesis (e) Esterification.

6. How phenol is prepared from:

(a) Chlorobenzene (b) Cumene or isopropyl benzene
(c) Benzene sulphonic acid (d) Aniline

7. What is the action of following on phenol?−

(a) aqueous solution of bromine
(b) Bromine in CS2
(c) dilute nitric acid
(d) concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulphuric acid.
(e) conc. H2SO4 at room temperature
(f) conc. H2SO4 at 373 K.
(g) zinc dust
(h) CrO3 or Na2 Cr2O7 in presence of H2SO4.

8. Explain catalytic hydrogenation of phenol.

9. What is the action of methyl magnesium iodide on,

(a) acetaldehyde (b) acetone (c) Formaldehyde or Methanal
OR
9. How will you prepare ethanol, proran−2−ol and 2−methylpropan −2−ol from Grignard’s reagent?

10. Explain the mechanism of acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

12. What is hydroboration − oxidation of alkene. Explain with suitable example.

13. How the primary alcohol is prepared from epoxide by the action of Grignard reagent.

15. Write the chemical test to distinguish between propan−1−ol, propan −2−ol and 2−methyl−propan −
2−ol.

16. Write a chemical test to distinguish between alcohol and phenol.

17. Give the preparation reaction for aspirin.

18. What is action of Cu on 1, 2 and 3 alcohol?

19. What is the action of following an Anisole

(a) Br2 in CH3COOH
(b) Conc. HNO3 and conc. H2SO4
(c) methyl chloride in presence of anhydrous AlCl3
(d) acyl chloride in presence of anhydrous AlCl3
20. What is the action of following on ethanol:
(a) Acidified potassium dichromate or PCC or KMnO4
(b) PCl5
(c) PCl3
(d) H2SO4 at 413 K

21. What is action of CrO3 on Propan − 2−ol.

22. Boiling point of alcohols are much higher than those of the corresponding alkanes. Explain.

23. Write the reactions involved in dehydration of 1, 2, and 3 alcohols.

24. Explain the continuous etherification process for the preparation of diethyl ether.

25. Write chemical reactions of following reagents on methoxyethane

(a) Hot HI (b) PCl5 (c) dilute H2SO4 (d) cold HI

26. Explain the mechanism of action of hydroiodic acid on 3−methyl−butan −2−ol.

27. Explain the mechanism of action of hot conc. HI on methoxyethane.

28. Explain the mechanism of action of conc. H2SO4 on ethanol.

29. Write two uses of : (a) Alcohols (b) Ethers (c) Phenols.

30. Explain the following:

a) Propan-1-ol has a higher boiling point than n-butane.
b) Methanol is more soluble in water than propan-1-ol.
c) Phenol is more acidic than ethanol.
d) p-Nitrophenol is a stronger acid than phenol.
e) o-Nitrophenol is more acidic than o-cresol.
f) p-Nitrophenol is less volatile than o-nitrophenol.

12. Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

1) What are aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes?

2) Explain types of aliphatic ketones.
3) What are aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids?
4) Prepare Acetaldehydes and Acetone using:
i) Oxidation of alcohols ii) Dehydrogenation of alcohols
iii) Ozonolysis iv) Acyl Chloride v) Nitriles
5) Convert Toluene to Benzaldehyde using:
i) Chromyl Chloride in CS2 (Etard reaction)
ii) Acetic anhydride and CrO3
iii) Side Chain Chlorination
6) Explain:
i) Gattermann-Koch formylation of arene
ii) Friedel-Crafts acylation of arene.
7) Convert ester into propanal.

8) Prepare Ethanoic acid using:

i) Acyl Chloride ii) Acid Anhydride iii) Nitrile iv) Acid hydrolysis of ester
v) Alkaline hydrolysis of ester vi) Grignard reagent
9) Prepare benzoic acid from: a) Toluene b) Cumene c) phenylethane
10) Obtain adipic acid by oxidation of alkenes.
11) Explain:
i) Schiff test ii) Tollen’s test or silver mirror test iii) Fehling test
12) What is the action of following on ethanal:
i) HCN ii) NaHSO3 iii) CH3OH iv) Grignard reagent
13) What is the action of sodium nitroprusside on acetone?
14) What is the action of following on acetone:
i) HCN ii) NaHSO3 iii) CH3OH iv) Grignard reagent
15) What is action of following on propanal:
a) Hydroxyl amine b) Hydrazine c) Phenyl hydrazine d) Semi carbazide
e) 2,4-Dinitrophenyl hydrazine
16) Explain:
a) Haloform reaction b) Aldol reaction c) Aldol condensation
d) Cross aldol condensation e) Cannizzaro reaction f) Cross Cannizzaro reaction
g) Clemmensen reduction h) Wolf-Kisher reduction
17) Write oxidation reaction of Acetone using CrO3.
18) What is the action of following on acetic acid:
i) SOCl2 ii) PCl3 iii) PCl5 iv) NH3 v) P2O5
vi) NaOH (On H3C-COONa) vii) LiAlH4
19) Arrange following acids in increasing order of their acidity:
H3C-COOH, F-CH2-COOH, Br-CH2COOH, I-CH2-COOH

13. Amines

1. What are amines? How they get classified?

2. Write a short note on ‘mendius reduction’.

3. Explain Gabriel phthalimide synthesis with example.

4. Explain Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction.

5. Why aromatic amines cannot be prepared by Gabriel phthalimide synthesis.

6. Explain Ammonolysis of alkyl halides.

7. Write a short note on Hoffmann Elimination.

8. Explain Hoffmann’s exhaustive alkylation with suitable example.

9. Explain carbylamine reaction with example.

10. What is Hinsberg’s reagent?

11. What is quaternary ammonium salt?

12. What is an action of following on aniline (a) Bromine water (b) hot and conc. sulphuric acid
(c) acetic anhydride (d) conc. HNO3 and Conc. H2SO4

13. What is the action of acetyl chloride on ethanamine, N−ethylethanamine and N,

N−dimethylethanamine

14. What is the action of nitrous acid or mixture of (NaNO2 + HCl) on −(a) Ethyl amine (b) Aniline

15. What is the action of benezendiazonium chloride on (a) Phenol (b) Aniline.
16. Write a short note on coupling reaction.

17. What is diazotization?

18. How ethylamine is prepared from (a) Nitro−alkane (b) Amides

19. What is the action of acetic anhydride on ethylamine, diethylamine and triethylamine?

20. What is zwitterion? Give example.

21. How you will convert aniline into – a) Chlorobenzene b) Bromobenzene c) Iodobenzene
d) Fluorobenzene e) Benzene f) Phenol g) Benzonitrile h) Nitrobenzene

22. Distinguish between ethylamine, diethylamine and triethylamine by using Hinsberg’s reagent.

23. Write reactions to prepare ethanamine from a) Nitrobenzene b) Acetonitrile c) Propionamide

24. Explain basic nature of amines.

25. Why are primary aliphatic amines stronger bases than ammonia.

26. Explain – Aniline is less basic than ammonia.

27. why pKb value of diethylamine is less than that of ethylamine.

28. Identify A and B in the following reactions:

14. Biomolecules
1. Define carbohydrates. How they are classified?

2. How glucose is prepared from (a) Sucrose or cane sugar (b) Starch
3. What is the action of following on glucose.
(a) Hydroxyl amine (NH2OH)
(b) Hydrogen cyanide (HCN)
(c) Acetic anhydride
(d) Bromine water
(e) Dilute nitric acid (dil. HNO3)

4. What are monosaccharides? Draw ring structure of  − D − (+) − Glucopyranose and  − D− (+) −
Glucopyranose.

5. What is glycosidic linkage?

6. What are disaccharides? Give an example of disaccharides.

7. What are reducing and non−reducing sugars?

8. Write a short note on inversion of sucrose.

9. What are amino acids? Write the correct reaction for formation of peptide bond between amino
acids.

10. What is peptide linkage? How is tripeptide formed?

11. Explain the term proteins.

12. How the proteins are classified on the basis of molecular shapes?

13. Explain denaturation of proteins.

14. Define
(1) Nucleotides
(2) nucleoside

15. Draw ring structure of −D−(−) − fructofuranose and  − D−(−) − fructofuranose.

15. Introduction to polymer Chemistry

1) What are polymers?

2) Explain classification of polymer based on,
a) Source or origin
b) Structure
c) Mode of polymerization
d) Intermolecular forces
e) Type of different monomers
f) Biodegradability

3) Explain free radical mechanism in addition polymerization.

4) Write the name and structure of monomer used, preparation reaction and uses of following
polymers,
i) Terylene or Dacron
ii) Nylon-6
iii) Polyisoprene
 iv) Polythene (High density)
v) Low density Polythene
vi) Teflon
vii) Polyacrylonitrile
viii) Nylon 6,6
ix) Bakelite
x) Melamine formaldehyde resin
xi) SBR (Buna-5)
xii) Neoprene
xiii) PHBV

5) Write note on,

i) Elastomers ii) Fibers iii) Thermoplastic polymers iv) Thermosetting polymers v) Homopolymers
vi) Copolymers vii) Vulcanization of rubber

16. Green Chemistry and Nanochemistry

*All definitions.
*All principles of green chemistry
*Advantages and disadvantages of nanoparticles and nanotechnology