Journal Publication of International Research for Engineering and Management

(JOIREM)
Volume: 10 Issue: 04 | may -2022

Wireless power transfer on power train to charge battery

Rushikesh Thete ,Onkar Pawade, Vishal Sonawane, Amol Chavan

Guide name :Prof.G. Akotkar

DEPARTEMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING OF SANDIP INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH CENTRE, NASHIK

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------------Abstract - Wireless power transfer (WPT), wireless power transmission, wireless energy
transmission, or electromagnetic power transfer is the transmission of electrical energy
withoutwires. Wireless power transmission technologies use time varying electric, magnetic,
orelectromagnetic fields. Wireless transmission is useful to power electrical devices where
interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or are not possible.
INTRODUCTION:

Wireless power techniques mainly fall into two categories, non-radiative and radiative. In near field
or non-radiative, power is transferred by magnetic fields using inductive coupling between coils of
wire, or by electric fields using capacitive coupling between metal electrodes. Inductive coupling
is the most widely used wireless technology; its applications include charging handheld devices
like phones and electric toothbrushes, RFID tags, and chargers for implantable medical devices like
artificial cardiac pacemakers, or electric vehicles.

In far-field or radiative techniques, also called power beaming, power is transferredby beams of
electromagnetic radiation, like microwaves or laser beams. These techniquescan transport energy
longer distances but must be aimed at the receiver. Proposed applications for this type are solar
power satellites, and wireless powered drone aircraft.

The ability to influence and motivate others is a skill that is difficult to master. But for project
managers, the choice of failing to develop this skill can result in project failure and professional
catastrophe. This article examines a survey--involving 115 certified project managers--looking at
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 Journal Publication of International Research for Engineering and Management
(JOIREM)
Volume: 10 Issue: 04 | may -2022

how project managers perceive their ability to motivate project stakeholders and team members. In
doing so, it overviews the field's literature onthe definitions of project leadership, noting the core
elements of project motivation; it

identifies two styles of project leadership and two types of motivation. It looks at researchon four
techniques for motivating others, techniques that include optimizing human energy, enabling
autonomy, providing feedback, and providing reward and recognition. It also describes the concept
of motivation from the organizational perspective and the differences between the factors affecting
a project team's motivation and anorganization's motivation.

Project scope

Promotes Durability of Devices and Accessories: Remember that the technology works by
powering or charging a device without electrical contact. Hence, it removes theneed for plugging a
cable into a charging port. Repeated plugging and unplugging couldwear and tear the charging wires
and the charging ports on the devices. This is because it takes more time to charge a battery
wirelessly than using a wired charger. Reports have it that compared to using cables, wireless
charging takes 30-80% longer to fully charge adevice. Wireless charging is a very cool technology.
In order to make wirelessbattery charging accessible to everyone and everywhere, a network of
induction chargingstations needs to be created, with the charging plates being embedded in the road
surface.Induction charging while driving is the prime option for e-mobility.

Broadly speaking, there are three types of wireless charging, according to David Green, a research
manager with IHS Markit. There are charging pads that use tightly-coupled electromagnetic
inductive or non-radiative charging; charging bowls or through-surface type chargers that use
loosely-coupled or radiative electromagnetic resonant charging that can transmit a charge a few
centimetres; and uncoupled radio frequency (RF) wireless charging that allows a trickle charging
capability at distances of many feet.

LITERATURE SURVEY

Over 115 years ago Tesla invented the concept of wireless power transfer. Manyindustrial
applications based on this technology have been developed ever since. This technology is of interest
especially where the interconnecting wires are inconvenient, oreven impossible. This is a survey

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 Journal Publication of International Research for Engineering and Management
(JOIREM)
Volume: 10 Issue: 04 | may -2022

that describes the history of wireless power technology.Specifically, two types of wireless power
transfer, radiative and non- radiative are studied.

Circuit Rating:

The topology of the circuit is the classic half-bridge. The control circuit could have been realized
using an IC (so fixing the operating frequency), but there is a more economical solution which
consists of a self-oscillating circuit where the two transistors are drive-in opposing phase by
feedback from the output circuit. The line voltage is rectified by the full-bridge rectifier, generating
a semi-sinusoidal voltage at double the line frequency.

Current rating:
The nature of the half-bridge topology is such that in normal operation, half the
supply voltage is dropped across each device, so from the above figures VCE in the steady
state is 310V /2, 155V. Hence the collector current in the steady state can be calculated
using: POUT = IC (RMS). VCE (RMS)

VCE (RMS) = 1/2. V mains

IC (RMS) =2. POUT / V mains

IC (RMS) =IC (peak)/ √2

IC (peak) =2. √ 2. POUT / V mains

= 2. √2. 50W /

220V IC (peak) =

0.64A

As stated above, when the circuit is first turned on, the low initial resistance the
load causes a large current to flow through the transistors. This current can be up to ten
times the current in the steady state, and the devices must be selected to withstand this.

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 Journal Publication of International Research for Engineering and Management
(JOIREM)
Volume: 10 Issue: 04 | may -2022

In this example then it is recommended that the device used is bipolar transistor, rated at
450V and around 2A I e Q1 and Q2. Storage and fall times are decided by the R 330k
and C3, C4 & fall time, t fall, of the transistors influences the losses of the circuit, while
the storage time, is important as it affects the switching frequency of the converter. The
nature of the processes used to produce bipolar transistors means that the storage time
between batches of transistors may vary considerably. The transistors used must be
manufactured, tested and selected to have storage times within certain limits. Transistors
with too large a storage time may cause the circuit to oscillate below the operating limits
of the output transformer, causing saturation of the core towards the end of
eachcycleThis will cause a spike in the collector current of the transistors every cycle,
which will eventually cause them to overheat and be destroyed.

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 Journal Publication of International Research for Engineering and Management
(JOIREM)
Volume: 10 Issue: 04 | may -2022

CIRCITE DIGRAM:

Circuit Description

High Frequency Transformer

A transformer is an electrical device that transfers energy from one circuit to another purely by
magnetic coupling. Relative motion of the parts of the transformer isnot required for transfer of
energy. Transformers are often used to convert between highand low voltages, to change impedance,
and to provide electrical isolation between circuits.

High frequency transformers transfer electric power. The physical size is dependent on the power
to be transferred as well as the operating frequency. The higherthe frequency the smaller the physical
size is. Frequencies are usually between 20 and 100kHz. Ferrite is mainly used as the core material.

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 Journal Publication of International Research for Engineering and Management
(JOIREM)
Volume: 10 Issue: 04 | may -2022

Transformers are essential in high voltage power transmission providing an economical means of
transmitting power over large distances. Transformers come in arange of sizes from a thumbnail-
sized coupling transformer hidden inside a stage microphone to gigawatt units used to interconnect
large portions of national power grids, all operating with the same basic principles and with many
similarities in their parts.

VOLTAGE REGULAR:

Features
• Output Current up to 1A

• Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V

• Thermal Overload Protection

• Short Circuit Protection

• Output Transistor Safe Operating Area Protection

Description
The LM78XX/LM78XXA series of three-terminal positive regulators are available in the TO-
220/D-PAK package and with several fixed output voltages, makingthem useful in a Wide range of
applications. Each type employs internal current limiting, thermal shutdown and safe operating area
protection, making it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver

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 Journal Publication of International Research for Engineering and Management
(JOIREM)
Volume: 10 Issue: 04 | may -2022

over 1A output Current. Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulators, these devices can
beused with external components to obtain adjustable voltages and currents.

Voltage regulators are found in devices such as computer power supplies where they stabilize the
DC voltages used by the processor and other elements. In automobilealternators and central power
station generator plants, voltage regulators control the output of the plant. In an electric power
distribution system, voltage regulators may be

Current Flow in the N-Type Material

The positive potential of the battery will attract the free electrons in the crystal. These electrons will
leave the crystal and flow into the positive terminal of the battery. As a result, an electron from the
negative terminal of the battery will enter the crystal, thus completing the current path. So, the
majority current majority current material (electrons) are repelled by the negative side of the battery
& move through the crystal toward the positive side of the battery.

ELECTROMAGNATIC COIL

CONCLUSION
Developing a fundamental theoretical model to analyse the resonant Inductively coupledwireless
power transfer system for battery charging of Electric vehicle. Intending an experimental setup of
resonance based wireless power Transfer system to examine its performance. Elucidating the effect
of design and operating parameters to arrive at an optimal solution for designing a suitable and
efficient wireless power Transfer system under non-ideal charging scenarios. Examining the effect
of proximal metallic objects onthe performance of wireless power transfer system and propose a

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 Journal Publication of International Research for Engineering and Management
(JOIREM)
Volume: 10 Issue: 04 | may -2022

solution to maintain the Optimum power transfer efficiency under unusual charging conditions.
Designing an adaptive matching circuit with automatic frequency tuned capability to maintain the
optimum power transfer efficiency under various usage scenarios. Implementing the proposed
solution as a prototype.

FUTURE SCOPE
The electronic revolution of the past century has been a tangled affair. Remember when phones
were always wired into the wall? When the internet required one more cord fromthe back of your
computer? Wireless is the future, which is all well and good for information transfer. But what
about energy itself? We live in a wireless world. Cell phones, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 2G, 3G, 4G — the
always on, always connected world of digital devices is driven by the magic of wireless. But all our
devices from smart phonesto laptops, still rely on cords and plugs for charging. Everyone’s had
their cell phone become useless for the day when the battery dies and there’s nowhere to charge it.
Batterylife consistently shows up as a key factor in product ads, feature lists and reviews. As
advanced and powerful as phones, tablets and laptops are, when that bar hits 0%, they’reas good as
worthless without an outlet (the same outlet everyone else in the cafe or the airport wants to use).

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 Journal Publication of International Research for Engineering and Management (JOIREM)
Volume: 10 Issue: 04 | may -2022

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