DOCUMENT NO: 588 October 2023

PRN: E007498

A.P.A.C. Ltd.
Archaeological Perspectives Analysis Consultancy

ARCHAEOLOGICAL WATCHING BRIEF

WB/CRP/23

42 Caldicot Road, Portskewett

Monmouthshire County Council

DM/2023/00691

Prepared by Mr A Phillips
QA: DR N Phillips
 A.P.A.C. Ltd 42 Caldicot Rd, Portskewett WB/CRP/23

Summary

This report details the findings of an Archaeological Watching Brief, undertaken to

satisfy a Planning Condition: DM/2023/00691 concerning the demolition of a current
extension to a property, and the construction of a new larger extension in its place.

The planning condition restraint was attached to the site due to its position within an
area known for its archaeological potential.

The watching brief report reveals that nothing of archaeological significance was
impacted upon during the ground disturbance.

42 Heol Cil-y-Coed, Porthysgiwed

Mae’r adroddiad hwn yn manylu ar ddarganfyddiadau Gorchwyl Gwylio

Archeolegol a wnaed er cydymffurfio ag Amod Cynllunio: DM/2023/00691 ynghylch
dymchwel estyniad presennol ar adeilad a chodi o’r newydd estyniad mwy yn ei le.

Cafodd yr amod cynllunio cyfyngol ei roi ar y safle oherwydd ei leoliad o fewn ardal
a gydnabyddir o ran ei botensial archeolegol.

Datgela’r adroddiad gorchwyl gwylio nad effeithiwyd ar ddim o bwysigrwydd

archeolegol yn ystod y gwaith torri tir.

Copyright Notice:
A.P.A.C. Ltd. retains the copyright of this report under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988.

The Ordnance Survey has granted A.P.A.C. Ltd a Copyright Licence (No. 100046577) to reproduce map information; the Copyright remains
otherwise with the Ordnance Survey.

Cover photograph: Site Image DSCN2200, Site at beginning of watching brief.

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Contents

Summary ........................................................................................................................................................................ 2
Contents............................................................................................................................................... 3
Figures ................................................................................................................................................. 4
Plates ................................................................................................................................................... 4
Appendices .......................................................................................................................................... 4
Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 5
Location of the Site ............................................................................................................................. 5
Topography & Geology ...................................................................................................................... 5
Brief archaeological and historical background .................................................................................. 5
Aims and Objectives ........................................................................................................................... 8
Scope of the work ................................................................................................................................ 8
Watching Brief .................................................................................................................................... 9
Results ................................................................................................................................................. 9
Finds .................................................................................................................................................. 10
Interpretation ..................................................................................................................................... 10
Archive .............................................................................................................................................. 10
Acknowledgements: .......................................................................................................................... 11
Bibliography and References: ........................................................................................................... 12
Copyright........................................................................................................................................... 12

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Figures

01 Site Location map

02 Historic asset search map
03 Historic Environment Record (HER) map
a. Listed events
b. Listed reports
04 Map progressions.
05 Trench plan?

Plates

01. Start of watching brief. The concrete scree floor base under demolition remains in the former
kitchen, at the rear of the house. Pavers of patio {101} and lawn (102) in the foreground.
02. View of garden area (102) with occasional plants and shrubs, and patio {101}.
03. 5m Polecam, Trench 1 complete and partial clearance of proposed footprint.
04. Remote viewpoint along trench 1 at 2.3m depth
05. Trench 2 excavation, 2.3m section. {101} over (104) being removed. Depth reduction to 1.7m.
Lens (111), is no longer present.
06. Trench 3 at {127} over {129} over (109)
07. Initial surface clearance west of trench 1.
08. Trench 1, NW end at the main house. Sequence: ornamental gravels (113) over (103) over (104)
over (109). Partial {108} towards the left and {105} centre. Pavers {101} in foreground
09. Remote viewpoint sequence of NE section of trench 1. 1.4m context (112), (111) & (109) 5
10. Trench 1 western face at the house edge. Sequence: {101} over (104) over {108}. Depth 350 below
surface
11. View along trench 1 showing {105} under {116}
12. Locational view for {105} {125} & {126}
13. View along trench 1. Main sequence, right (113) over (103) over (104) over (109) over (111) over
(112). End: House over {114} over {115} over (112), left: (104) over 103) over {116} over {105}
over (111) over (112)
14. Remote viewpoint sequence of NW section of trench 2. ≥1.5m below surface, context (112) {111}
& {109) 2
15. Trench 2 excavation complete. Sections show shows sequence: (109) over (111) over (112)
16. Trench 2 excavation is in progress. Mid-point and plastic pipe {117} encountered. North section,
right shows sequence: (109) over (111) over (112)
17. Trench 2, Pipe {120} encountered at connection with manhole {123}
18. Detail of patio sequence: paviours {101) over 30mm of black chippings over 40mm of sharp sand
over (103)

Appendices

I. HER Core records.

II. HER Event records.
III. Context list and Harris matrix
IV. Photograph list and contact sheet
V. Trench plans

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Introduction

This archaeological watching brief report has been prepared by Mr A Phillips & Dr N Phillips, A.P.A.C. Ltd, in response
to a planning condition imposed by Monmouthshire County Council; (hereafter MCC), for the proposed: Demolition of
extension and construction of rear extension. The Anchorage, 42 Caldicot Road, Portskewett, Caldicot. Pl.App.No.:
2023/00691.

Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust (GGAT), advisors to Monmouthshire County Council, (MCC) planning,
recommended that due to the site’s location, near significant areas of archaeological potential, mitigation strategies
should be implemented so that any archaeologically sensitive resources may be recorded and protected if necessary.

MCC planning took this advice into account and applied a condition to the proposed work, requiring archaeological
mitigation. The condition is worded as follows:

No development shall take place until the applicant, or their agents or successors in title, has
secured agreement for a written scheme of historic environment mitigation which has been
submitted by the applicant and approved by the local planning authority. Thereafter, the
programme of work will be fully carried out in accordance with the requirements and standards of
the written scheme.

Reason: To identify and record any features of archaeological interest discovered during the
works, in order to mitigate the impact of the works on the archaeological resource.
DM/2023/00691

The advice from GGAT is in keeping with the policies of Planning Policy for Wales 11 and Technical advice note TAN
24.

As part of the archaeological condition, APAC Ltd, prepared a written scheme of investigation, (WSI), detailing the
mitigation process for the proposed watching brief. The WSI, (WSI: WB/CRP/23) was written, submitted, and approved
by MCC; in August 2023. The work was arranged to commence in September 2023 and was completed over three days;
the 25th, 26th and 27th of September 2023.
Location of the Site

Portskewett is a small village to the southwest of Chepstow, Monmouthshire, SE Wales. Upon reaching Chepstow,
continue to the A48 then the B4245 following signs for Portskewett. At the roundabout take the first exit onto Caldicot
Road. The property will be on the right, a third of a mile down the road. 42 Caldicot Road, Portskewett. NP26 5SH.
NGR: ST 349629 188153, Fig 01.
Topography & Geology

Topographically the site sits slightly above the Caldicot levels with the Severn estuary to the south and east. The site is
situated on low-level ground, c. 13m above sea level, topographic-map.com. https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/map-
48cknh/Portskewett/

The Geology for the site is a bedrock layer of Mercia Mudstone Group - Sandstone. Sedimentary bedrock formed between
252.2 and 201.3 million years ago during the Triassic period. With a superficial layer of River Terrace Deposits, 2 - Sand
and gravel. Sedimentary superficial deposits formed between 2.588 million years ago and the present during the
Quaternary period. British Geological Survey Viewer, https://geologyviewer.bgs.ac.uk/

Brief archaeological and historical background

According to Portskewett’s community council webpage, https://www.portskewettcc.org/portskewett-history/, the

village has strong ties to the Iron Age and the Romano-British period. The online source states the following in support
of this proposition:

There is some evidence of a Roman villa, with possible British Iron Age antecedents. There are
also remains of a late Roman temple on Portskewett Hill, and many coins of the 3rd and 4th
centuries have been found.

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The source also suggests the area to be rich with evidence of early Welsh settlement; the name itself – ‘believed to derive

from the Welsh Porth-is-Coed, meaning "the harbour below the wood", or alternatively "the harbour of the area below
the wood’. In addition, there also appears to be an ancient Welsh story and poem attributed to the area, mentioning
Portskewett as one of the three chief ports of Wales:

around the 7th century, Moliant Cadwallon, describes it as 1"beautiful Porth Esgewin, the estuary
on the border", and the medieval Welsh phrase meaning from one end of the country to another
translates as "from Porth Wygyr to Portskewett.
Unfortunately, during the construction of the second Severn Tunnel crossing, the harbour area became silted up and is
now a marshland, although fortunately, previous archaeological excavations in the area ‘revealed wetland structures,
including fish traps, with dates from the 6th century onwards’ (Ibid.).

During the early Norman Period, the village was known as a “Hardwick” or cattle ranch, regarded as an ‘agricultural
village of no distinction’ (Ibid.). However, it is thought to have had some small ties with iron mining near the village,
leased by Thomas Lewis of St Pierre. The village was part of the St Pierre estate, held by the Lewis family of St Pierre,
from c.1400 up until the early 20th century. The family is thought to have moved to Moynes Court in 1893, with the St
Pierre Mansion and deer park, subsequently being sold in 1925 to a Daniel Lysaght,

https://archives.library.wales/index.php/lewis-family-of-st-pierre-2

The village was thought to have gone into a steady decline by the early 19th- century, though during the latter half the
village experienced a large influx to the population with the need for housing and amenities to accommodate the workers
on the Severn Tunnel construction. The village also continued expanding in the 1970s with the introduction of new
council estates.

Historic Environment

Due to the area’s high potential for archaeological discovery, a 1km historic asset search was undertaken centred on the
given NGR; ST 349629 188153. The results of the search were adapted to create a map of assets in the search area. Fig
02. The search revealed two Scheduled Monuments (SM) and eight listed buildings.

The site lies northeast of ‘Harold’s House’. SM, CADW Ref: MM029.

The monument comprises the remains of a medieval manor house. The site consists of a series of
upstanding earthworks traditionally thought to be the site of a hunting lodge belonging to Harold
Godwinson, later King Harold II of England, which is described in the Anglo Saxon Chronicle.
The chronicle states that the lodge was destroyed before it was even completed, by Caradog ap
Gruffydd on the feast of St Bartholomew (24th August) 1065. Caradog’s attack also involved the
massacre of many of Harold’s people. Occupation of the site continued after the attack and it
eventually fell under Normal control, with the Domesday Book recording the site as one of three
hardwicks (dairy farms) belonging to Chepstow Castle. In 1270 the manor is recorded as in the
ownership of the Deneband family who hold it until the fifteenth century, after which it was
abandoned and eventually demolished.
CADW Ref: MM029.

The second SM, lying to the east of the site, is St Marys Churchyard Cross, (MM315). The cross is listed building, ref
2045, and is thought to be of a medieval date due to its shape, size, and appearance. It has been given significance due
to:

its national importance for its potential to enhance our knowledge of the organisation and practice
of Christianity. It retains significant archaeological potential, with a strong probability of the
presence of associated archaeological features and deposits. A cross may be part of a larger cluster
of monuments and their importance can further enhanced by their group value.
CADW Ref: MM315.
The search of the area included eight listed buildings, table 1 overleaf:

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Table 1

CADW Name Grade Period Reason for listing

Ref No:
2044 Cross in St II C15th Included as an important medieval cross
Mary’s having strong group value with the
churchyard adjacent Church of St Mary.
2045 Church of I M - with later additions Included and highly graded as a little
St Mary changed medieval church
24003 Portskewett II 1840’s Included as a well preserved Tudor
House Revival villa dating from c1840 which,
despite some changes, has retained its
historic character.
24004 Portskewett II 1920’s Included for its historic interest as the
war Portskewett village war memorial and
memorial for its group value with the Churchyard
Cross and the Church of St Mary.
24005 Old cottage II C17/C18th Included as a scarce, possibly C17
in cottage of the most humble type
churchyard converted into a stable in the mid C19
of church of after being taken into the churchyard. It
St Mary has both historic and visual group value
with the immediately adjacent Church
of St Mary.
24006 Garden II C18th Included for its strong group value with
Walls of The Old Rectory and Manor Farmhouse
Underwood which both stand close by.
2046 The Old II Early C18th Included and highly graded as a well
Rectory preserved two period C18 house which
retains a number of good features both
outside and in and has group value with
the nearby Manor Farmhouse.
2768 Manor II* Early C17th Included and highly graded as a well
Farmhouse preserved two period C17 house which
and Manor retains a number of good historic
Cottage features both outside and in and has
group value with the nearby Old
Rectory.

NB, these results were cross-referenced with Cof Cymru online for confirmation.

In conjunction with the historic asset search conducted by APAC Ltd, a further Historic Environment Record, (HER)
search was applied for from GGAT HER; HER 7070. This additional information was then processed and adapted to
map(s) of the search area, Fig 03a and b; the full records being listed in Appendices I and II. NB The received data
includes records outside of the search area; those that lie within the search area have been highlighted in bold. The
HER search was also centred on the NGR for the site and set to a 1km distance. A more site-specific search of 100m
around the site is also included as this offers the potential of a more direct effect on the proposed works.

The HER search listed 18 archaeological events within the 1km search area; 10 are highlighted in Fig 03a, and 8 are
highlighted in Fig 03b). Fig 03a, also illustrates the proximity of a Roman Road, RR60aa (Crick to Sudbrook), relative
to the site, as well as the Historic Landscape Character Area of the Caldicot Fen-edge; HLCA012; found to the south.

None of the HER results were found in the 100m proximity search to the site.

Cartographic progressions

Cartographic data of the area was also collected from the earliest available sources to present. The results are presented
in Figures 04a to 04e and discussed below.

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The cartographic information was centred solely on the area of the site and its immediate boundaries. The earliest map

of the area is the 1839 Tithe Map, Gwent Archives D/Pa 40.37, Fig 04a. The tithe shows the area to consist of uninhabited
fields that run along the south of a road; circled in red. The apportionment number for the area is listed as No:11 – in use
as an orchard and pasture, owned by Lewis., Christopher Esquire and occupied by Blunt., Christopher.

Little had changed by the first edition Ordnance Survey map of 1887; Fig 04b, or indeed over the years till 1948; Fig
04c. However, over the intervening 5-7 years to 1954; Fig 04d, an entire building estate had been erected. Including
the current site property dating to a 1950s construction.

Modern mapping: Fig 04e, shows the continual expansion of this village over the last approximately seventy years. It
also shows a structure has been built to the south of the property within the curtilage of the main building.

Interpretation.

The background historical information for the Portskewett area shows the high potential for archaeological resources and
the information gathered from the Historical Asset Search and Historic Environment Record would seek to confirm this.
The Cartographic data, however, would argue against any survival of archaeological resources in this case by reason of
the large-scale 20th-century development recorded for the area. It is likely that pre-1948 the untouched landscape may
have hidden a plethora of archaeological resources, dating from multiple periods of time, however, with the construction
of modern housing in the 1950s and its continued expansion, there is less likelihood of anything, but chance finds
surviving.
Aims and Objectives

The watching brief aims to establish the presence/absence of archaeological structures or other significant features within
the works area. Should any archaeological resources be revealed their presence will be recorded and a decision made as
to any mitigation measures. The archaeological watching brief will be carried out to the standards laid down in the
Chartered Institute of Field Archaeologists, Guideline for Watching Briefs 2014, (upd 2020):

An archaeological watching brief:

The definition an archaeological watching brief is a formal programme of observation and
investigation conducted during any operation carried out for non-archaeological reasons. This will
be within a specified area or site on land, inter-tidal zone or underwater, where there is a possibility
that archaeological deposits may be disturbed or destroyed. The programme will result in the
preparation of a report and ordered archive.

This definition and Standard do not cover chance observations, which should lead to an
appropriate archaeological project being designed and implemented, nor do they apply to monitor
the preservation of remains in situ. A watching brief will preserve by the record, within the
resources available, any archaeological deposits uncovered during groundwork.

The watching brief will ensure that: in the event of archaeological resources of significance, being
discovered and requiring treatment beyond the remit of the watching brief; then steps would be
implemented to ensure that their treatment would be undertaken within the standards recommended
by the CIFA.

Resulting of the watching brief, a report on the results will be produced, which will include a
detailed summary of the methodology, site history, deposits/features/ structures/artefacts
uncovered and interpretation of the results.
(CIFA. 2014, upd 2020).

Scope of the work

The archaeology of the application site, both in the whole, as well as its wider local or regional context, was considered,
although the watching brief was confined to those areas which were directly affected by the development or some aspect
of it. The progress of the work was recorded during excavation, as set out in the methodology section of the WSI, WSI:
WB/CRP/23. Spoil remained on site briefly, to be examined, visually, a metal detector was available but was not used.

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Watching Brief

To make the text descriptions more accessible: All structures are denoted with brackets { }, deposits with curved brackets
( ) and cuts with square brackets [ ]. The complete index is given in Appendix III. Fig 05. shows the completed site plan
with features marked. Photographs referred to in the text are denoted PL; a complete list is given in Appendix IV,
including a contact sheet of all photographs taken during the work.

Initial site description

Before any ground disturbance was undertaken, the site was photographed PL01, thereby, providing a record of the
mixed nature of the existing surface. The surface area of the former kitchen 9.6m², was arbitrarily given a context {100},
which relates to the then intact surface of scree, surviving under the rubble and ceramic floor tiles. To the left of the
rubble is an area of surviving patio under pavers {101}; arranged in a herringbone pattern with a single, end-on, border.
At the bottom of the photograph, and better presented in PL02, is the start of the lawn/garden area (102). The combined
surface area of {101} & (102) was approximately 30.2m² and comprises the greater percentage of where ground
disturbance would be located.

Proposed ground disturbance

The proposed development required the entire floor area of the site to be reduced by 300mm, PL03, in addition to the
excavation of three footings: 2 at 5m length, and 1 at 10m length; all 60mm wide. Trenches 2 & 3 were south easterly
projections of the main house walls, whilst trench 2 was the southeastern return; parallel to the rear of the main house,
Fig 05. All of trench 1, PL04, and the majority of trench 2, PL05, were 2.5m deep due to the nature of the sandy geology
in conjunction with destabilisation from the adjacent vegetation. Trench 3, PL06, was reduced to 1.5m as there was no
close vegetation. The southeast outer corner of trenches 1 and 2 was at NGR: 349638.1110, 188150.2853, 13.0904m
AOD.

Considerations for recording

The restricted area of the site caused some problems with temporary spoil storage and rehandling, which may have been
a problem if the excavation had impacted any archaeological resources. The friable nature of the ground makeup and the
depth and narrowness of the trenching meant that it was not possible to obtain sections with any clarity. Internal recording
of the trenches was restricted to photographs and remote Disto© measurements. Unfortunately, the bright sunlight and
partially shaded interiors made the situation even worse.

Results
Trench 1, 5m x 0.6m x 2.3m

Excavation began in the northeast corner of the site with Trench 1, the proposed extension of the eastern wall of the main
house, PL07. As the width of the trench spanned both the patio {101} and the adjacent garden, (102); there was a notable
difference in stratigraphy within the disturbed, upper layers. As shown in the cartographic section above, this disturbance
can be attributed to post-1950s development.

On the eastern side, the stratigraphic sequence was: {113} ornamental stone chips, over both (103) sub-soil, and partial
(104) grey deposit over Terram©, PL08. Below (104) the stratigraphy was (103) over (109) compacted sandy soil over
(112), a looser sandy soil with some rounded stone pebbles, (natural), PL04. Moving away from the house, the
ornamental scatter of (113) stopped within the first metre, whilst, at a distance of 1.92m, a 250mm lens of riverine gravel
began at a depth below ground surface of 1.4m, PL04 & PL09. This lens was visible on both sides of Trench 1, and
partially, through both sides of Trench 2; as will be noted below.

On the western side of Trench 1, the main stratigraphic sequence consisted of; paviours {101}, over bedding {104} over
(103), over (109), over (111), over (112). However, the sequence was disturbed by later drainage consisting of a concrete
housing {108}, PL10, encasing salt-glaze pipe {116} for which no cut or fill was detectable, PL11.

There was one further disturbance with a more recent yellow plastic gas pipe {105}, PL11, running across the trench.
As the pipe was cut with the bucket there was no possibility of examining the section for cut [107] and fill (106) before
the gas fitter repaired it. Cut and fill are therefore assumed but not confirmed. However, the pipe {105} is recent, post-
1980s at least, due to its material, (DOT, 2023). In addition, in PL12, the gas pipe {105} can be seen to run across the
site within deposit (103), passing under the recent pipe installation {126} but through the modern kitchen extension
foundation {127}, (within a white sheath at wall point, left).

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The northern end of trench 1 also exposed the main 600mm house foundation, revealing 4 courses of breeze blocks {115}
over a concrete foundation of {114} over natural (112); no cut observed, PL13.

Trench 2, 10m x 0.6m x 2.3m

The main stratigraphic sequence for trench 2 was the same as trench 1: (103) over (109) over (112) with the partial
addition of lens of (116), also at a depth of 1.4m but in this instance confined to the eastern 3m and beyond, PL14. The
viewpoint in PL15 shows (116) at the eastern face of trench 1, rear with trench 2 left and right; north and south
respectively. Note the disturbed linear just below the centre of Trench 1 and the lighter linear areas, both left and right,
at Trench 2.

Further additions were present in the form of two, relatively shallow, plastic drainage pipes {117} and {120}. PL16
shows the discovery of {117}, top left, which was within cut [119], to a depth of 450mm into (109); the cut filled with
sand (118). Pipe {120} can be seen in PL17 feeding into manhole {123}. The cut [124] for {123} is into deposit (109)
at a depth of 650mm. The top of the manhole {123} is at 13.158m AOD. The cut [122] for {120} is also into (109) and
is filled with sand (121).

Trench 3, 5m x 0.6m x 1.5m

The third trench was of less interest as it was mostly occupied by the foundations of the kitchen wall: {127} over {129}
in cut [128]; observed at its interface with (109), PL06. Excavation of this trench was mostly by jackhammer, so no
meaningful results were possible. The short distance between trench 2 and trench 3 was simply {101} over (104) over
(1030 over (109).

Floor levelling

The entire floor area was reduced by c 300mm, most of which was previously below either the paviours, lawn or kitchen
block, PL18. The stratigraphy, therefore, is as described above in the trench descriptions, to the depth of context (103).
Disturbances for {105} and {127} were also described above and illustrated in PL12, however, there was: one more
plastic pipe {126} and a manhole {125}, literally just beneath the Terram© (104) at c 150 mm.

Finds

The site yielded no finds therefore nothing was collected.

Interpretation

The entire site disturbance was contained within an area of ground that had been developed at some point in the mid-20th
-century, as ascertained by the various service pipes, and foundation remains and confirmed by cartographic evidence.
disturbed surface would appear to reach a depth of about 1.4m below the current ground level before reaching the natural
sandy deposits of the Severn Estuary.

There was one anomaly at the southeast corner of the site as impacted by trenches 1 and 2. At 1.4m, there was a 200mm
lens of rounded pebbles (116) which may have possibly been riverbed. Both exposed ends taper to nothing which would
suggest that it hadn’t been cut. Unfortunately, it was not accessible for further study and its extent is unknown, but it
yielded no archaeological fabrics.

Therefore, no archaeological deposits were impacted upon, during this watching brief.

Archive

The archives will be prepared in accordance with MoRPHE, Management of Research Projects in the Historic
Environment (Historic England v1.2, 2015) and the CIfA Standard and Guidance for the Creation, Compilation, Transfer
and Deposition of Archaeological Archives (2014) upd 2020.

The original archive will be retained by APAC Ltd with a copy of the archive uploaded to RCAHMW in keeping with
their published guidelines:

https://rcahmw.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/RCAHMW-Guidelines-for-Digital-Archives.pdf

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Copies of the report and associated documentation will be deposited with GGAT HER, following their published
guidelines:

http://www.ggat.org.uk/her/downloads/Guidance%20for%20the%20Submission%20of%20Data%20to%20Welsh%20
HERs.pdf

The project has been designated a unique project code WB/CRP/23 and all significant documents and packaging will
carry this code number.

The digital and physical archives will be deposited within twelve months of the completion of the work and with the
agreement of the landowner.

A synopsis of the project will be published online through Scribd.

The archives will be deposited within twelve months of the completion of the watching brief and with the agreement of
the landowner.

A synopsis of the project will be submitted to CBA Wales.

Acknowledgements:

I would like to thank the client for access to the site and refreshments and the groundworkers for their assistance.

APAC. Ltd has current Public Liability and Professional Indemnity Insurance with Towergate, (924765101 CHC).

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Bibliography and References:

APAC. Ltd. 2011 Written Scheme of Investigation. Watching Brief. 42 Caldicot Rd, Portskewett. WSI:
WB/CRP/23

CIfA Standard and Guidance for the Archaeological Watching Brief 2014. UPD 2020

Standard and Guidance for the Collection, Documentation, Conservation and Research
of Archaeological Materials 2014, UPD 2020

DOT, 2002. Department of Transport. Code of Practice for Recording of Underground Apparatus in Streets

Davies. R., 1999 The Tithe Maps of Wales, A guide to the tithe maps and apportionments of Wales in the National
Library of Wales. National Library of Wales.

English Heritage 1991 Management of Archaeological Projects

GGAT. 2020 MON2682/MJ.

Re: Demolition of extension and construction of rear extension. The Anchorage, 42
Caldicot Road, Portskewett, Caldicot. Pl.App.No.: 2023/00691.

GGAT Historic Environment Records (HER) 7070

.
MCC Pl.app.no: DC/2014/00702 - DM/2019/01228

Online:

British Geological Society https://www.bgs.ac.uk/

Cof Cymru https://cadw.gov.wales/
Magic Maps: https://magic.defra.gov.uk/
National Library of Wales. https://places.library.wales/
National Library of Scotland, NLS https://maps.nls.uk/
Portskewett Community Council https://www.portskewettcc.org/portskewett-history/
topographic-map.com https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/map-48cknh/Portskewett/
PPG10: https://gov.wales/planning-policy-wales.
TAN 24: https://gov.wales/technical-advice-note-tan-24-historic-environment

Health and Safety at Work Act 1974

Copyright

A.P.A.C. Ltd will retain full copyright of any reports and specialist reports, under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act
of 1988 with all rights reserved. A.P.A.C. Ltd hereby permits the monitoring authority to use any documentation directly
relating to the project as described in this Report.

A.P.A.C. Registered Address: Wyastone Estate, Wyastone Leys, Monmouth, NP25 3SR.
Tel: 07734962919. Mobile: 07734962919 Email: apac.philips@btinternet.com
Company Registration No 05041541 VAT Reg No 826 3628 19
Director: Dr N. Phillips D.Phil. BA (Hons).

12
 The Ordnance Survey has granted A.P.A.C. Ltd a Copyright Licence (No. 100046577)
42 Caldicot Road, Portskewett

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CRP/23

N

Fig 01: Location

 42 Caldicot Road, Portskewett

Legend

NGR ST 349629 188153

Listed Buildings

Scheduled Monuments

MM315

Fig 02: Heritage asset map A.P.A.C. Ltd. WB/CAR/23

 42 Caldicot Road, Portskewett

N
Legend

NGR: ST 349629 188153

Roman Road

Archaeolgical Events
Historic Landscape
Character area

E000061

E000058

Fig 03a:Historic Environment Record A.P.A.C. Ltd. WB/CRP/23

 42 Caldicot Road, Portskewett

N
Legend

NGR: ST 349629 188153

Archaeolgical reports/events

E003733

E002301
E002183

E004939

E004700

E000060 E001038
E006034

Fig 03b:Historic Environment Record A.P.A.C. Ltd. WB/CRP/23

 42 Caldicot Road, Portskewett

The Ordnance Survey has granted A.P.A.C. Ltd a Copyright Licence (No. 100046577)
N N

Fig 04a: Tithe map - 1839 Fig 04b: Monmouthshire XXX - Surveyed 1880 - 1881
Published 1887

N N

Fig 04c: Monmouthshire XXX - Revised 1918 - 1919 Fig 04d: Monmouthshire XXX - Revised 1949
Published 1948 Published 1954

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CRP/23

Fig 04e: Modern mapping.

 42 Caldicot Rd, Portskewett

N
Contexts

(100) Concrete scree

(101) Paviours
(102) Lawn are.a
(110) Position of pebble lens
(113) ornamental gravels

{123} Covered drain, M

{125} Covered drain, M
House {105} Gas pipe
Trench 1 {116} Salt glase drain pipe
{117} Plastic drain pipe
349638.1113 {120} Plasti drain pipe
188150.2850
13.090 {126} Plasti drain pipe

Plot boundary
13.383m
100.11

13.374m
100.12
Trench edges

Trench3 Trench 2
349633.0316
181147.4015
13.3735
The entire site area as illustrated is post 1950s

Undisturbed deposit of natural (112) is at a depth

of 1.4m below surface, or 11.6m AOD

Lens {112} was only encountered in the easten

corners of ditches 1 and 2, at 1.4m depth.
Garage

0 5 10m

Fig 5: Trench plan & drains left in situ A.P.A.C. Ltd. WB/CRP/23
 42 Caldicot Rd, portskewett

Photo ID: DSCN2200

Start of watching brief. Concrete scree floor

base under demolition remains former
kitchen, at rear of house.
House
Trench 1 Pavers of patio {101} and lawn (102) in
349638.1113
188150.2850
13.090
foreground.

13.383m
100.11

13.374m
100.12

Trench3 Trench 2
349633.0316
181147.4015
13.3735

Garage

0 5 10m

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CRP/23

PLATE 01
 42 Caldicot Rd, portskewett

Photo ID: DSCN2201

View of garden area (102) with occasional

plants and shrubs, and patio {101}.

House
Trench 1
349638.1113
188150.2850
13.090

13.383m
100.11

13.374m
100.12

Trench3 Trench 2
349633.0316
181147.4015
13.3735

Garage

0 5 10m

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CRP/23

PLATE 02
 42 Caldicot Rd, portskewett

Photo ID: DSCN2221

5m Polecam, Trench 1 complete and partial

clearance of proposed footprint.

House
Trench 1
349638.1113
188150.2850
13.090

13.383m
100.11

13.374m
100.12

Trench3 Trench 2
349633.0316
181147.4015
13.3735

Garage

0 5 10m

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CRP/23

PLATE 03
 42 Caldicot Rd, portskewett

Photo ID: DSCN2220

Remote viewpoint along trench 1 at 2.3m

depth
House
Trench 1
349638.1113
188150.2850
13.090

13.383m
100.11

13.374m
100.12

Trench3 Trench 2
349633.0316
181147.4015
13.3735

Garage

0 5 10m

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CRP/23

PLATE 04
 42 Caldicot Rd, portskewett

Photo ID: DSCN2238

Trench 2 excavation, 2.3m section.

{101} over (104) being removed.
Depth reduction to 1.7m.
House
Trench 1 Lens (111) no longer present.
349638.1113
188150.2850
13.090

13.383m
100.11

13.374m
100.12

Trench3 Trench 2
349633.0316
181147.4015
13.3735

Garage

0 5 10m

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CRP/23

PLATE 05
 42 Caldicot Rd, portskewett

Photo ID: DSCN2241

Trench 3 at {127} over {129} over (109).

House
Trench 1
349638.1113
188150.2850
13.090

13.383m
100.11

13.374m
100.12

Trench3 Trench 2
349633.0316
181147.4015
13.3735

Garage

0 5 10m

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CRP/23

PLATE 06
 42 Caldicot Rd, portskewett

Photo ID: DSCN2209

Initial surface clearance west of trench 1.

House
Trench 1
349638.1113
188150.2850
13.090

13.383m
100.11

13.374m
100.12

Trench3 Trench 2
349633.0316
181147.4015
13.3735

Garage

0 5 10m

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CRP/23

PLATE 07
 42 Caldicot Rd, portskewett

Photo ID: DSCN2203

Trench 1, NW end at main house.

Sequence: ornamental gravels (113) over
(103) over (104) over (109).
House
Trench 1 Partial {108} towards the left and {105}
349638.1113
188150.2850
13.090
centre.
Pavers {101} in foreground
13.383m
100.11

13.374m
100.12

Trench3 Trench 2
349633.0316
181147.4015
13.3735

Garage

0 5 10m

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CRP/23

PLATE 08
 42 Caldicot Rd, portskewett

Photo ID: DSCN2215

Remote viewpoint sequence of NE section

of trench 1. 1.4m context (112), (111) & (109)
5
House
Trench 1
349638.1113
188150.2850
13.090

13.383m
100.11

13.374m
100.12

Trench3 Trench 2
349633.0316
181147.4015
13.3735

Garage

0 5 10m

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CRP/23

PLATE 09
 42 Caldicot Rd, portskewett

Photo ID: DSCN2205

Trench 1 western face at house edge.

Sequence: {101} over (104) over {108}.
Depth 350 below surface
House
Trench 1
349638.1113
188150.2850
13.090

13.383m
100.11

13.374m
100.12

Trench3 Trench 2
349633.0316
181147.4015
13.3735

Garage

0 5 10m

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CRP/23

PLATE 10
 42 Caldicot Rd, portskewett

Photo ID: DSCN2219

View along trench 1 showing {105} under

{116}

House
Trench 1
349638.1113
188150.2850
13.090

13.383m
100.11

13.374m
100.12

Trench3 Trench 2
349633.0316
181147.4015
13.3735

Garage

0 5 10m

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CRP/23

PLATE 11
 42 Caldicot Rd, portskewett

Photo ID: DSCN2235

Locational view for {105} {125} & {126}

House
Trench 1
349638.1113
188150.2850
13.090

13.383m
100.11

13.374m
100.12

Trench3 Trench 2
349633.0316
181147.4015
13.3735

Garage

0 5 10m

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CRP/23

PLATE 12
 42 Caldicot Rd, portskewett

Photo ID: DSCN2229

View along trench 1.

Main sequence, right (113) over (103)
over (104) over (109) over (111) over
House (112) .
Trench 1
End: House over {114} over {115} over
(112), left: (104) over 103) over {116} over
349638.1113
188150.2850
13.090

{105} over (111) over (112)

13.383m
100.11

13.374m
100.12

Trench3 Trench 2
349633.0316
181147.4015
13.3735

Garage

0 5 10m

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CRP/23

PLATE 13
 42 Caldicot Rd, portskewett

Photo ID: DSCN2225

Remote viewpoint sequence of NW

section of trench 2. ≥1.5m below surface,
context (112) {111} & {109) 2
House
Trench 1
349638.1113
188150.2850
13.090

13.383m
100.11

13.374m
100.12

Trench3 Trench 2
349633.0316
181147.4015
13.3735

Garage

0 5 10m

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CRP/23

PLATE 14
 42 Caldicot Rd, portskewett

Photo ID: DSCN2227

Trench 2 excavation complete.

Sections show shows sequence: (109)
over (111) over (112)
House
Trench 1
349638.1113
188150.2850
13.090

13.383m
100.11

13.374m
100.12

Trench3 Trench 2
349633.0316
181147.4015
13.3735

Garage

0 5 10m

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CRP/23

PLATE 15
 42 Caldicot Rd, portskewett

Photo ID: DSCN2223

Trench 2 excavation in progress.

Mid point and plastic pipe {117}
encountered. North section, right shows
House sequence: (109) over (111) over (112)
Trench 1
349638.1113
188150.2850
13.090

13.383m
100.11

13.374m
100.12

Trench3 Trench 2
349633.0316
181147.4015
13.3735

Garage

0 5 10m

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CRP/23

PLATE 16
 42 Caldicot Rd, portskewett

Photo ID: DSCN2228

Trench 2, Pipe {120} encountered at

House connection with manhole {123}
Trench 1
349638.1113
188150.2850
13.090

13.383m
100.11

13.374m
100.12

Trench3 Trench 2
349633.0316
181147.4015
13.3735

Garage

0 5 10m

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CRP/23

PLATE 17
 42 Caldicot Rd, portskewett

Photo ID: DSCN2232

Detail of patio sequence: paviours

House {101) over 30mm of black chippings
Trench 1 over 40mm of sharp sand over (103)
349638.1113
188150.2850
13.090

13.383m
100.11

13.374m
100.12

Trench3 Trench 2
349633.0316
181147.4015
13.3735

Garage

0 5 10m

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CRP/23

PLATE 18
Site name: 42 Caldicot Road, Portskewett Appendix I A.P.A.C. Ltd
PRN: E007498
HER Core Record 7070 Project No:.588.......Project code..WB/CRP/23......

PRN NAME Period Site type Status Status Ref No: NGR
GGAT00500g Manor Farmhouse, Portskewett POST MEDIEVAL Farmhouse listed building 2768 ST49788824
GGAT00504g PORTSKEWETT HILL Roman QUARRY - - ST49978840
HAROLDS HOUSE Medieval Earthwork Scheduled MM029 ST49848806
GGAT00505g
Monument
ST MARY'S CHURCH AT Medieval Church listed building 2044 ST49898810
GGAT00506g
PORTSKEWETT
PORTSKEWETT CHURCHYARD Medieval Churchyard crossScheduled MM315,2045 ST4990588147
GGAT00507g CROSS Monument,liste
d building
GGAT00511g Medieval/Post Medieval pound POST MEDIEVAL Pound - - ST49938809
GGAT01146g Arrowhead, Portskewett Bronze Age FINDSPOT - - ST5088
GGAT04217g The Rectory, Portskewett POST MEDIEVAL Rectory listed building 2046 ST49698830
GGAT04313g Flint flakes Prehistoric Findspot - - ST49448840
GGAT05313g SUDBROOK ROAD, PORTSKEWETT ROMAN,MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENT - - ST49988807
GGAT05392g Crick Road, Portskewet POST MEDIEVAL Lime kiln - - ST4939288687
GGAT05393g CRICK ROAD PORTSKEWET POST MEDIEVAL Pond - - ST49508836
GGAT05453g CRICK LANE, PORTSKEWETT Roman Sherd - - ST49538848
GGAT05454g CRICK LANE, PORTSKEWETT Prehistoric Earthwork - - ST49498841
GGAT05455g CRICK LANE, PORTSKEWETT Prehistoric Earthwork - - ST49568842
GGAT05456g CRICK LANE, PORTSKEWETT Prehistoric Earthwork - - ST49458835
GGAT05457g CRICK LANE, PORTSKEWETT Unknown Ditch - - ST49428826
GGAT05458g CRICK LANE, PORTSKEWETT Unknown Ditch - - ST49428826
GGAT05620g SUDBROOK ROAD, PORTSKEWETT Medieval Building - - ST5002588067
GGAT06204g HAROLD'S HOUSE COTTAGES POST MEDIEVAL House - - ST49888805
GGAT06205g THE CLOSE, PORTSKEWETT POST MEDIEVAL House - - ST49738810
GGAT06208g SOUTHBROOK GREEN POST MEDIEVAL Village green - - ST50208795
GGAT07629g PORTSKEWETT NURSERIES POST MEDIEVAL Feature - - ST49628826
SUDBROOK ROAD , PORTSKEWETT Roman Settlement - - ST49988807
GGAT07703g
SUDBROOK ROAD , PORTSKEWETT Medieval Findspot - - ST49988807
GGAT07704g
SUDBROOK ROAD , PORTSKEWETT POST MEDIEVAL House - - ST5008688049
GGAT07705g
SUDBROOK ROAD , PORTSKEWETT POST MEDIEVAL Barn - - ST49988807
GGAT07706g
Site name: 42 Caldicot Road, Portskewett Appendix I A.P.A.C. Ltd
PRN: E007498
HER Core Record 7070 Project No:.588.......Project code..WB/CRP/23......

Roman Road RR60aa (Crick - Roman Road - - ST4885590202

GGAT07761.0g
Sudbrook)
GGAT07991g CRICK LANE, PORTSKEWETT Unknown Pit - - ST49538848
GGAT07992g CRICK LANE, PORTSKEWETT Prehistoric Flint scatter - - ST49538848
GGAT07994g SUDBROOK ROAD, PORTSKEWETT Roman Building - - ST5002588067
GGAT08244g PORTSKEWETT CHURCHYARD Medieval Churchyard - - ST49898810
GGAT09031g PILLBOX Modern pill box - - ST498878
GGAT09207g The Barn, Main Road, Portskewett POST MEDIEVAL BARN - - ST4979388227
GGAT09829g Earthwork - Porskewett UNKNOWN EARTHWORK - - ST4970288387
GGAT09831g Lime kiln POST MEDIEVAL LIME KILN - - ST4990888427
GGAT09832g Earthwork UNKNOWN EARTHWORK - - ST4995088485
GGAT09834g 'Severn Tunnel' tracks POST MEDIEVAL RAILWAY - - ST4939587708
GGAT09835g Building POST MEDIEVAL BUILDING - - ST4942687705
GGAT09837g Shaft/building POST MEDIEVAL SHAFT,BUILDING - - ST4945887694
GGAT09838g Gravel pit MODERN GRAVEL PIT - - ST4948587713
GGAT09841g 'Severn Tunnel' Track MODERN RAILWAY - - ST4945587682
GGAT09849g Harold's House Medieval hunting lodge - - ST49868805
GGAT11000g Wall footing, Portskewett MEDIEVAL WALL - - ST4988388165
GGAT11001g Ditches, Portskewett MEDIEVAL DITCH - - ST4986888146
GGAT11362g Possible field boundaries, Portskewett UNKNOWN FIELD BOUNDARY- - ST4947188506
Portskewitt war memorial, MODERN WAR MEMORIAL - - ST4993488156
GGAT11917g
Portskewitt, Monmouthshire
Site name: 42 Caldicot Road, Portskewett Appendix II A.P.A.C. Ltd
PRN: E007498
HER Event Record 7070 Project No:.588.......Project code..WB/CRP/23......

PRN NAME Event Type Organisation Year NGR

GGATE004564 South East Coastal Strategy Pipline, between EVALUATION Pre Construct Archaeology Ltd. ST48088720
Hunger pill and Caldicot, Gwent, Wales 1999

GGATE004564 South East Coastal Strategy Pipline, between EVALUATION Pre Construct Archaeology Ltd. ST53869112
Hunger pill and Caldicot, Gwent, Wales 1999

GGATE006100 GGAT150: Rapid Coastline Zone Assessment PROJECT Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological SS5711599529
2016-17
Trust (GGAT)
GGATE006100 GGAT150: Rapid Coastline Zone Assessment PROJECT Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological SS4812885240
2016-17
Trust (GGAT)
GGATE006100 GGAT150: Rapid Coastline Zone Assessment PROJECT Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological SS6683491638
2016-17
Trust (GGAT)
GGATE006100 GGAT150: Rapid Coastline Zone Assessment PROJECT Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological SS8538776101
2016-17
Trust (GGAT)
GGATE005431 The Rural Settlement of Roman Britain PROJECT University of Reading 2015 SS5858587907
GGATE005431 The Rural Settlement of Roman Britain PROJECT University of Reading 2015 ST0336769850
GGATE005431 The Rural Settlement of Roman Britain PROJECT University of Reading 2015 ST4627287763
GGATE005431 The Rural Settlement of Roman Britain PROJECT University of Reading 2015 SO3038114970
GGATE004050 Brief Note on the Recent Discovery of Chronometric Council for British Archaeology SS5377090020
Upper Paleolithic Rock Art at Cathole Cave Survey (CBA) Wales 2011
on the Gower Peninsula
GGATE007410 Proposed Water Main, Sudbrook, FIELD VISIT Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological ST 50229 87951
2016
Monmouthshire Trust (GGAT)
GGATE003546 Sudbrook Paper Mill, Sudbrook Desk based Hyder Consulting ST5020587480
2007
assessment
GGATE006341 Sudbrook Mill, Sudbrook, Caldicot WATCHING Archaeology Wales ST5001087704
2019
BRIEF
GGATE000058 Harold's House, Portskewett Evaluation Time Team 2007 ST4980088100
GGATE000059 Harold's House, Portskewett FIELD SURVEY Birmingham University 2007 ST4980088100
GGATE000060 Harold's House, Portskewett Geophysical GSB Prospection (Geophysical ST4980088100
survey Surveys of Bradford) 2007

GGATE000061 Harold's House, Portskewett Auger Survey Birmingham University 2007 ST4980088100
GGATE000062 Harold's House, Portskewett Project Time Team 2007 ST4980088100
GGATE001038 Sudbrook Road, Portskewett Excavation Glamorgan-Gwent ST49988807
1995
Archaeological Trust (GGAT)
Site name: 42 Caldicot Road, Portskewett Appendix II A.P.A.C. Ltd
PRN: E007498
HER Event Record 7070 Project No:.588.......Project code..WB/CRP/23......

GGATE001339 Watching Brief, The Barn, Portskewett Watching Brief Monmouth Archaeology 2008 ST4977988225
GGATE002183 Land at Rectory Nurseries Portskewett Evaluation Monmouth Archaeology ST4962988266
1998
EVAL
GGATE002301 Portskewett New School, Gwent WB WATCHING Monmouth Archaeology ST49838833
2000
BRIEF
GGATE002490 Portskewett, Monmouthsire. EVAL Evaluation Monmouth Archaeology 1999 ST49838833
GGATE002552 Harold's House, Portskewett Watching Brief Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological ST4984188062
2001
Trust (GGAT)
GGATE003106 1 Manor Way, Portskewett Evaluation Monmouth Archaeology 2007 ST49768810
GGATE003498 The Old Smithy, Portskewett Excavation Monmouth Archaeology 2009 ST4992888078
GGATE003500 Sudbrook Road, Portskewett Excavation Cotswold Archaeology 2009 ST49978805
GGATE003681 Crick Lane Portskewett Watching Brief Avon Archaeological Unit 1993 ST4951288351
GGATE003733 Crick Lane, Portskewett, Gwent Evaluation Avon Archaeological Unit 1993 ST4950288400
GGATE004058 Implications of Development on Land of Desk Based Avon Archaeology Unit ST4936188523
1992
Crick Road Assessment
GGATE004332 Harold's House, Portskewett Watching Brief
Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological ST49848806
1996
Trust (GGAT)
GGATE004700 Old Smithy, Portskewett EVALUATION Marches Archaeology 2002 ST49868816
GGATE004939 Main Road, Portskewett EVALUATION Cotswold Archaeology 2003 ST4986188244
GGATE005564 Land off Crick Road, Portskewett EVALUATION Cotswold Archaeology 2015 ST49378842
GGATE005649 Land off Main Road, Portskewett, WATCHING Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological ST49868823
2006
Monmouthshire BRIEF Trust (GGAT)
GGATE006034 Harold's Field, Portskewett GEOPHYSICAL Site Scan Archaeological Ltd. ST4983688049
2005-2006
SURVEY
GGATE006560 1 Manor Way, Portskewett WATCHING Monmouth Archaeology ST4976488125
2014
BRIEF
42 Caldicot Rd, Portskewett Appendix III A.P.A.C. Ltd
WB/CRP/23. Project 588
E007498 Contexts Contexts: (Deposit) {Structure} [Cut]

{100} Concrete scree floor base N. Phillips 25/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023

{101} Patio surface of pavers in herringbone pattern with edge-on border. N. Phillips 25/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
(102) Lawn/garden area with occasional plant beds and trees N. Phillips 25/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
(103) Sub-soil for (102), dark brown soft, sandy, humic soil with rooting mat. Probable garden import N. Phillips 25/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
(104) Grey, sandy deposit over Terram© and under (103) N. Phillips 25/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
{105} Yellow plastic gas pipe orientated NE/SW, live. 500mm below surface. N. Phillips 25/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
(106) Fill for [107], containing {105}. Marked with orange plastic tape. Under (104) N. Phillips 25/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
[107] Cut for {105}/(106) under (104) N. Phillips 25/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
{108} Concrete down pipe at the rear, eastern corner of the main house, Black plastic into orange plastic {114} N. Phillips 25/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
(109) Dark red/brown, compacted sandy deposit with occasional stone N. Phillips 25/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
{110} Concrete under (104) in patio area. Subbase for {101} N. Phillips 25/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
River gravel lens visible in southern half of trench 1 and eastern half of trench 2. Depth 1.4m below surface, thickness 250mm 955 small
(111) N. Phillips 25/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
rounded pebbles. Surface at 13.0904 AOD
Red/brown sandy deposit with some pebbles (natural) under (111) and (109). Extending beyond trench depth of 2.3m below surface.
(112) N. Phillips 25/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
Surface at 13.0904 AOD
(113) Ornamental gravels in shrub spaces including flint nodules, over (103) N. Phillips 25/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
{114} Main House concrete foundation at 600mm below surface N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
{115} Main House Breeze block footings to 600 below surface N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
{116} Salt glaze drain running NW/SW at 300 below surface and encased in {108} N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
{117} Plastic pipe EW across site at 300mm below surface. N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
(118) Fill for [119] presumed cut for {117} Deposit not identified N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
[119] Cut for {117}, not identified N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
{120} Plastic pipe NW/SE across site at 450mm below surface. N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
(121) Fill for [122}, yellow sand N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
[122] Cut for {120} into (109) and under (104) N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
{123} Brick manhole chamber N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
[124] Cut for {123} into (109) and possibly beyond. Connected to {120} N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
{125} Manhole, shallow and not disturbed N. Phillips 27/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
{126} Plastic drain from {125}, shallow and not disturbed N. Phillips 27/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
{127} Breeze block foundation for demolished kitchen N. Phillips 27/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
[128] Cut into (109) for {127} N. Phillips 27/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
{129} Concrete foundation for {127} N. Phillips 27/09/2023 N. Phillips 27/09/2023
[130} Cut for {115} N. Phillips 05/10/2023 N. Phillips 05/10/2023

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A.P.A.C. Ltd Appendix 42 Caldicot Rd, Portskewett WB/TK/19
IIIa
42, Caldicot Rd, Portskewett Appendix IV A.P.A.C. Ltd
WB/CRP/23. Project 588
E007498 Digital Photographic Record Contexts: (Deposit) {Structure} [Cut]

Photo ID View Description Photographer Date of Compiled Date

Plate
facing photograph by compiled
Start of watching brief. Concrete scree floor base under demolition remains former kitchen, at rear of house. Pavers of PL01
DSCN2200 W N. Phillips 25/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023
patio {101} and lawn (102) in foreground.
DSCN2201 SE View of garden area (102) with occasional plants and shrubs, and patio {101}. N. Phillips 25/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023 PL02
Trench 1, NW end at main house. Sequence: ornamental gravels (113) over (103) over (104) over (109). Partial {108}
DSCN2202 NE N. Phillips 25/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023
towards the left and {105} centre.
Trench 1, NW end at main house. Sequence: ornamental gravels (113) over (103) over (104) over (109). Partial {108}
DSCN2203 V NE N. Phillips 25/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023 PL08
towards the left and {105} centre. Pavers {101} in foreground
Trench 1, NW end at main house. Sequence: ornamental gravels (113) over (103) over (109). Partial {108} top right .
DSCN2204 V W Pavers {101} in foreground N. Phillips 25/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023

DSCN2205 SW Trench 1 western face at house edge. Sequence: {101} over (104) over {108}. Depth 350 below surface N. Phillips 25/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023 PL10
Trench 1 at full depth of 2.3m. Beyond safety limit for entry and problems with lighting. East face top, shows sequence:
DSCN2206 V N. Phillips 25/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023
(109) over (111) over (112)
DSCN2207 NE Trench 1 Problems with lighting. East face, top shows upper sequence: (113) over (103) over (104) over (109) N. Phillips 25/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023
DSCN2208 NW Initial surface clearance west of trench 1. N. Phillips 25/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023
DSCN2209 NW Initial surface clearance west of trench 1. N. Phillips 25/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023 PL07
DSCN2210 NW Initial surface clearance west of trench 1. N. Phillips 25/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023
135433 NE Trench 2 with patio in foreground (104) . Note pipe {117}, midpoint N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023
135503 NE Former kitchen area and broken blue plastic water pipe. Not within dig area. N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023
DSCN2211 NE Remote viewpoint sequence of NE section of trench 1. >2m below surface, context (112) 1 N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023
DSCN2212 NE Remote viewpoint sequence of NE section of trench 1. ≥2m context (112) 2 N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023
DSCN2213 NE Remote viewpoint sequence of NE section of trench 1. >1.5m context (112) 3 N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023
DSCN2214 NE Remote viewpoint sequence of NE section of trench 1. ≥1.5m context (112) & (111) 4 N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023
DSCN2215 NE Remote viewpoint sequence of NE section of trench 1. 1.4m context (112), (111) & (109) 5 N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023 PL09
DSCN2216 NE Remote viewpoint sequence of NE section of trench 1. >1m context (109) 6 N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023
DSCN2217 NE Remote viewpoint sequence of NE section of trench 1. ≥1m context (109) & (104) 7 N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023
DSCN2218 NE Remote viewpoint sequence of NE section of trench 1. ≥0.5m context (109), (104) & (103) 8 N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023
DSCN2219 SE View along trench 1 showing {105} under {116} N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023 PL11
DSCN2220 SE Remote viewpoint along trench 1 at 2.3m depth N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023 PL04
DSCN2221 V 5m Polecam, Trench 1 complete and partial clearance of proposed footprint. N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023 PL03
DSCN2222 V 5m Polecam, Tremoval of rubble from demolition N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023
Trench 2 excavation in progress. Mid point and plastic pipe {117} encountered. North section, right shows sequence:
DSCN2223 SE N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023 PL16
(109) over (111) over (112)
DSCN2224 NW Remote viewpoint sequence of NW section of trench 2. >1.5m below surface, context (112) & (111) 1 N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023
DSCN2225 NW Remote viewpoint sequence of NW section of trench 2. ≥1.5m below surface, context (112) {111} & {109) 2 N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023 PL14
DSCN2226 NW Remote viewpoint sequence of NW section of trench 2. >1mm below surface, context {111} & {109) 2 N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023
DSCN2227 NE Trench 2 excavation complete. Sections show shows sequence: (109) over (111) over (112) N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023 PL15
DSCN2228 SE Trench 2, Pipe {120} encountered at connection with manhole {123} N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023 PL17

Page 1 of 2
42, Caldicot Rd, Portskewett Appendix IV A.P.A.C. Ltd
WB/CRP/23. Project 588
E007498 Digital Photographic Record Contexts: (Deposit) {Structure} [Cut]
View along trench 1. Main sequence, right (113) over (103) over (104) over (109) over (111) over (112) . End: House
DSCN2229 NE N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023 PL13
over {114} over {115} over (112), left : (104) over 103) over {116} over {105} over (111) over (112)
DSCN2230 NE Trench 2 excavation. {101} over (104) being removed. {117}, bottom right N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023
DSCN2231 SE Trench 2 excavation. {101} over (104) being removed. Depth reduction to 1.7m. Lens (111) no longer present. N. Phillips 26/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023
DSCN2232 NW Detail of patio sequence: paviours{ {101)
} overp 30mm
p { of} black chippings over
pp 40mm of sharp sand pover
p {(103)} N. Phillips 27/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023 PL18
DSCN2233 V {126} N. Phillips 27/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023
DSCN2234 SW Removal of {127}. Note {105} passes under {126} N. Phillips 27/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023
DSCN2235 V Locational view for {105} {125} & {126} N. Phillips 27/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023 PL12
DSCN2236 V 5M Polecam view of completed trenches 1 & 2 and exposed gas pipe {105} N. Phillips 27/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023
DSCN2237 V 5M Polecam view of completed trenches 1 & 2 and exposed gas pipe {105} Duplicate N. Phillips 27/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023
Trench 2 excavation, 2.3m section. {101} over (104) being removed. Depth reduction to 1.7m. Lens (111) no longer
DSCN2238 SW N. Phillips 27/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023 PL05
present.
DSCN2239 NE Trench 2 and centre of footprint. Manhole {125} and pipe {126}, rear right Pipe {117}, bottom right. Pipe {120}, left N. Phillips 27/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023
DSCN2240 NE Trench 2 and centre of footprint. Manhole {125} and pipe {126}, rear right Pipe {117}, bottom right. Pipe {120}, left N. Phillips 27/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023
DSCN2241 NE Trench 3 at {127} over {129} over (109) N. Phillips 27/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023 PL06
DSCN2242 V 5M Polecam view of completed trenches 1, 2 and 3 exposed gas pipe {105} N. Phillips 27/09/2023 N. Phillips 04/10/2023

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