ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT THIẾU (MODAL VERB)

1. Định nghĩa: Bổ nghĩa cho động từ chính, dùng để diễn tả khả năng, dự định, sự cấm đoán, cần
thiết,…
2. Cấu trúc
(+) S + modal verb + V (nguyên thể)
(-) S + modal verb + not + V (nguyên thể)
(?) Modal verb + S + V (nguyên thể)?
VD: They can speak Vietnamese well.
You mustn’t smoke here
May I go out?
3. Động từ khuyết thiếu
a) Can – Could: Có thể
Ex: I can play guitar
Can not = Can’t Could not = Couldn’t
Ex: I can’t play guitar
b) Must: phải làm gì
Ex: I must do my homework before I go to bed
Must not = Mustn’t = không được làm gì
Ex: You mustn’t smoke
c) Have to = phải làm gì
Ex: I have to wear uniform.
Don’t have to = Không cần làm gì
Ex: I don’t have to do my homework today.
d) May – Might: Có thể, có lẽ
Ex: Phuc may go to school
May not = might not
e) Should/Ought to/Had better = nên làm gì
Ex: You should do morning exercise.
Should not = Shouldn’t Ought not to
f) Need: Cần làm gì Need not = Needn’t
Ex: I need eat breakfast
Ex 1: Điền trợ động từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống
Can – may – must – should – ought to – might – will – couldn’t
1. You ……………………… tell me the truth for your own good.
2. I ……………………… find my shoes anywhere.
3. We ……………………… arrive on time or else we will be in trouble.
4. He ……………………… shoot the basketball at the rim.
5. ……………………… you let me know the time?
6. They ……………………… not be trustworthy enough.
7. …………………….. you please pass the salt?
8. We ……………………… prepare for the big exam.
Ex 2: Chọn từ thích hợp
1. You must / should / shouldn’t be 18 before you can drive in Spain
2. You don’t have to / mustn’t / shouldn’t go to bed so late. It’s not good for you.
3. You don’t have to / mustn’t / shouldn’t wear a school uniform in most Spanish state
schools.
4. You must / mustn’t / needn’t come. I can do it without you.
5. You don’t have to / must / mustn’t copy during exams.
6. You don’t have to / mustn’t / shouldn’t be very tall to play football.
7. You must / mustn’t / needn’t be a good writer to win the Pulitzer Prize.
Ex 3: Chia dạng đúng của trợ động từ “must”, “mustn’t” hoặc “don’t have to” để hoàn
thành đoạn văn sau
I (1)……………………… go to school from Monday to Friday. We (2)………………………
wear an uniform, so I normally wear sport clothes. We (3)……………………… arrive late, and
we (4)……………………… go to every class. In class, we (5)………………………shout, play or
sing. We (6)……………………… have lunch at school, so I sometimes go home.
When school finishes, I (7)……………………… look after my little sister. When my parents
come home, I (8)……………………… stay in, so I usually go out with my friends. When I get
home, I (9)……………………… do my homework. I (10)……………………… go to bed late,
except on Fridays, when I (11)……………………… go to bed before midnight.
Ex 4: Chọn trợ động từ đúng
1. I can / can’t / might go out tonight. I’m too busy.
2. I didn’t study enough. I may / may not / might pass my exams.
3. I could / couldn’t / might be here next weekend.
4. They say it can / could not / might snow tomorrow.
5. She can / might not / won’t be able to help us. She’s not available.
6. Can / May / Might you come to my party?
7. We should run or we won’t / might not/ may miss the bus.
8. I don’t, but I can / couldn’t / may be late.
Ex 5: Viết lại các câu sau đây sao cho nghĩa không đổi.
1. Perhaps Susan knows the address. (may)
=> Susan______________________________________________
2. It’s possible that Joanna didn’t receive my message. (might)
=> Joanna ______________________________________________
3. The report must be on my desk tomorrow. (has)
=> The report ______________________________________________
4. I managed to finish all my work. (could)
=> I______________________________________________
5. It was not necessary for Nancy to clean the flat. (didn’t)
=> Nancy______________________________________________
Ex 6: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi
1. I think you should give up smoking immediately. (had)
I think you ……………………………………………………
2. Maybe John’s working this weekend (May)
John ……………………………………………………………………………
3. I didn’t say sorry.
I should …………………………………………………………………………
4. You are careless. You open the door all night
You shouldn’t ……………………………………………………………………………
5. It’s necessary for me to bring my money. (have)
I …………………………………………………………………
6. You should do morning exercise (Had better)
You ................................................................................................
7. It was unnecessary for you to carry all those parcels home yourself.
You ……………………………………………………………………………
8. The best thing for you is to sit down (should)
You ..........................................................................................................
Ex 7: Điền vào chỗ trống “can/ can’t/ could/ couldn’t”
1. I didn’t have money last week. I ____________ buy that disk.
2. I am afraid, I ____________ come to your country.
3. When my father was a schoolboy, he was a good runner. He ____________ run very fast.
4. My great grandmother was very clever. She ____________ speak three foreign languages.
5. Denys ____________ swim quite well now. But last summer he ____________ swim at all.
6. My grandfather loved music very much. He ____________ play the piano and the guitar very
well.
Ex 8: CHỌN ĐÁP ÁN ĐÚNG TRONG NGOẶC
1. She ……. go to work early, didn’t she? (had to/ has to/ ought to)
2. His eyes were so bad that he ……….. read the newspapers. (shouldn’t/hadn’t to/ couldn’t/
can’t)
3. There’s the waiter. We …….. ask him for the bill. (will// am able to/ could)
4. ………..you be able to come to the B.M workshop? – I’m afraid not. (Can/ will/ May/
should)
5. His car broke down so he ………..come by bus. (had to/ must/should/ could)
6. ……………. ask you some questions? – Okay, go ahead. (/ Will I / Should I / May I )
7. She ……….. go now. She’s getting late. (had rather/ had better/ ought/ would rather)
Eх 8: Chọn đáp án đúng
1) Which ѕentence iѕ correct?
A. We ѕhould to leaᴠe ѕoon.
B. We ѕhould leaᴠing ѕoon.
C. We ѕhould leaᴠe ѕoon.
2) We………….ᴠiѕit Tom ᴡhen ᴡe are in London.
A. didn’t ought B. ought C. ѕhould
3) Which queѕtion iѕ correct?
A. We ѕhould call the police?
B. Should ᴡe call the police?
C. Do ᴡe ѕhould call the police?
4) Which ѕentence iѕ correct?
A. We ought haᴠe a partу to celebrate Kate’ѕ birthdaу.
B. We ought to haᴠe a partу to celebrate Kate’ѕ birthdaу.
C. We ѕhould to haᴠe a partу to celebrate Kate’ѕ birthdaу.
5) You…………..ride a motorbike ᴡithout a helmet.
A. ѕhouldn’t B. ought C. ought not
6) Which queѕtion iѕ correct?
A. Ought ᴡe to tell Jane the neᴡѕ?
B. Ought ᴡe tell Jane the neᴡѕ?
7) Which ѕentence meanѕ “Maуbe John goes to the ѕhop”?
A. John might not go to the ѕhop.
B. John maу go to the ѕhop.
C. John muѕt go to the ѕhop.
8) This is the key. You _________ forget to take it with you when going out.
A. should B. have to C. mustn’t D. needn’t
9) It’s a school rule. All the students _________ wear a uniform.
A. can B. might C. must D. should
10) It ________ rain this evening. You should take an umbrella
A. had better B. might C. must D. could
11) Your wedding ring is very expensive. You ___________ lose it.
A. must B. could C. needn’t D. mustn’t
12) “I have got a headache.” – “You _________ go to see the doctor.”
A. may B. Could C. Should D. Might