SUMMER INDUSTRY INTERNSHIP REPORT

ON CONSTRUCTION OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER

PROJECT

AT

MEGHA ENGINEERING INFRASTRUCTURE LIMITED

A SUMMER INDUSTRY INTERNSHIP REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
Civil Engineering

SUBMITTED BY
SUHEEL SAJAD
Roll no: - 2022A2L036
 CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION

I, Suheel Sajad, 2022A2L036, hereby declare that the work which is being presented in the
Industry Internship Report entitled, “Construction of Hydroelectric Power Project” in partial
fulfilment of requirement for the award of degree of B.E. Civil Engineering and submitted in the
department of civil Engineering, Model Institute of Engineering and Technology (Autonomous),
Jammu is an authentic record of my own work carried by me at “Megha Engineering and
Infrastructures Limited (MEIL)” under the supervision and mentorship of Er. Neeraj Kumar Junior
Engineer, Megha Engineering and Infrastructures Limited (MEIL), Jammu and Mr. Abhishek
Chandra (Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Model Institute of Engineering
and Technology) respectively. The matter presented in this report has not been submitted in this or
any other University/Institute for the award of B. E. Degree.

Signature of the student Dated:20-08-2024

SUHEEL SAJAD
2022A2L036
INTERNSHIP SUPERVISOR EVALUATION
 Department of Civil Engineering
Model Institute of Engineering and Technology (Autonomous)
Kot Bhalwal, Jammu, India
(NAAC “A” Grade Accredited)

Ref. No: MIET/T&P/2022/255 Date:20-08-2024

CERTIFICATE
Certified that this Industry Internship Report entitled “CONSTRUCTION OF
HYDROELECTRIC POWER PROJECT” is the bonafide work of “SUHEEL SAJAD”
2022A2L036, of 7th Semester, Civil Engineering, Model Institute of Engineering and Technology
(Autonomous), Jammu, who carried out the Industry Internship at “MEGHA ENGINEERING
AND INFRASTRUCTURES LTD(MEIL)” work under my mentorship during July-2024 to
August-2024.

Mr. Abhishek Chandra

Mentor-Internal Supervisor Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering, MIET

This is to certify that the above statement is correct to the best of my knowledge.

Dr. Arvind Dewangan

Head of the Department
Department of Civil Engineering, MIET

iv
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

To start with, I extend a deep sense of gratitude to Shri. Sanjay Kumar, the Chief general manager
of Megha engineering and infrastructure ltd (MEIL)for giving me this golden opportunity to work
with this organization. I would pay my thanks to Shri S N Jha, chief general manager of Megha
engineering and infrastructure ltd (MEIL) for encouragement to accomplish the industrial training.
Also, I am really blessed to have the kind association as well as supervision of HSE Manager Mr.
Irfan-Ul-Aziz Tantary and Senior Engineer, Mr. Neeraj Sharma for their exemplary guidance and
carefully monitoring throughout the internship. I must record my deep sense of gratitude to Prof.
Dr. Ankur Gupta (Director, MIET), Prof. Dr. Ashok Kumar (Dean Academics), Mrs. Apoorva
Bhan Senior Manager, (T&P Cell), Dr. Arvind Dewangan (HOD, Civil Department) and Mr.
Abhishek Chandra (Internal Supervisor) for their guidance, constant inspiration and
encouragement, and for their keen involvement throughout the course of present work. I am really
grateful of my institution, Model Institute of Engineering and Technology for providing me this
chance to gain such an amazing and knowledgeable experience. I would also like to extend my
sincere and heartfelt obligation towards my parents, family, friends and all the others who have
helped me in this endeavour. Without their help and cooperation, I would not have made headway
in getting this tremendous experience of learning.
At the end thanks to the Almighty for providing me divine blessings to complete this Sum-
mer Industry Internship.

SUHEEL SAJAD
2022A2L036

v
 SELF EVALUATION

I am a student finishing up the last year for my undergraduate degree in civil engineering. I recently
completed this internship at Megha engineering and infrastructure ltd (MIEL). During internship,
I was advised to go at site where any sort of construction was going on. My role as an intern was
to look over and gain knowledge about various tasks being performed. This was appropriate for
an intern with very little practical experience in construction. I experienced a learning curve due
to this being my first exposure to This kind of work. By the end of my internship, however, I felt
comfortable in completing my assigned tasks and even received reviews from team. I did get an
insight of about how to work in an industry. I took an active participation in the work and managed
my time effectively to get the most out of the experience. I tried to build up positive relationships
while communicating with the efficient professionals and the supporting staff. Acquiring how to
put my knowledge into practice. Also, familiarity with some of the new things added to my growth
in this field. These are listed below:

- Reading and interpreting drawings.

- Mixing, laying and curing of concrete.

- Provision of reinforcement, cutting of bars, tying up of bars for various structural elements.
- The provision of the columns.

- How to provide shuttering.

As an intern, I also realized that I have to learn to effectively dedicate resource to not only get
work done well but also efficiently. I often get distracted and could not keep up the consistency
which I thought of. Working as a team I need to be less controlling and let others point of view
flow in. I will make sure to reflect on these things and try to eliminate the elements pulling me
back from being effective I receive seasoned experience under the supervision of the competent
engineers. They improved my theoretical knowledge regarding various things. It was great
learning experience. One of the things that I would like to put in the consideration was safety. I
received all the personal protective equipment’s like helmet, jacket, googles. Whether the project
is small or large scaled, safety comes on priority for all the members working on the site.

vi
All in all, it was a tremendous opportunity. I would like to thank Model Institute of Engineering
and Technology and Jammu Development Authority for providing me this opportunity. The
importance of an internship experience cannot be overstated. Today, employers favor prospective
employees who have done not only one internship but multiple internships.
It has furnished me with encounters, lessons, and the apparatuses that I need to have to get a full-
time job in our profession later on. One of the most significant things I gained from an internship
is newly discovered information. This incorporated realizing how to satisfy under takings that are
pertinent to our ideal of a desired career path and honing the aptitudes that as of now have from
school. Working in an expert setting for the first time can be hard to become acclimated to.

SUHEEL SAJAD
2022A2L036

vii
ATTENDANCE SHEET

viii
 Daily Progress Report
01-07-24 to 06-07-24
DAY-1 to 6 DATE

Time of Departure
Time of arrival 10:00a.m. 4:00 p.m.

Product finished Introduction with the planning and survey team

Main points of the day Studying about the drawings and the map regarding the site

DAY-7 DATE 07-07-2024

SUNDAY

08-07-24 to 13-07-24
DAY-8 to 13 DATE

Time of Departure
Time of arrival 10.00 a.m. 4.00 p.m.

Product finished Power intake and pressure shaft top

Main points of the Factors affecting the power intake and units of power intake
day

15-07-24 to 20-07-24
DAY-15 to 20 DATE

Time of arrival 10.00 a.m. Time of Departure 4:00p.m.

Product finished Dam site left and right bank

Main points of the Geological conditions, Water intake, Spillway location

day

ix
DAY-21 DATE 21-07-2024

SUNDAY

22-07-24 to 27-07-24
DAY-22 to 27 DATE

Time of Departure
Time of arrival 10.00 am 4:00p.m.

Product finished C V T and drainage gallery-P/H, TC and SC

Main points of the Key components of C V T and relationship between C V T and

day Drainage gallery

DAY-28 DATE 28-07-2024

SUNDAY

DAY-29 to 34 DATE 29-07-2024

Time of arrival 10:00a.m. Time of Departure 4:00 p.m.

Product finished MAT-TRT and bottom pressure shafts

Main points of the day Purpose of tailrace tunnel and Purpose of main assembly tunnel

DAY-35 DATE 04-08-2024

SUNDAY

05-08-24 to 10-08-24
DAY-36 to 41 DATE

Time of Departure 4:00 p.m.

Time of arrival 10:00 a.m.

x
Product finished Submission of detailed report of the project

Main points of the Key points regarding the project report

day

Name: Suheel Sajad

Contact No: 7051868014

xi
 ABSTRACT

The Ratle Hydroelectric Plant is a run-of-the-river hydroelectric power station, with permitted
pondage under the Indus Water Treaty, currently under construction on the Chenab River,
downstream of the village near Drabshalla in Kishtwar district of the Indian Union Territory of
Jammu and Kashmir. The project includes a 133 m (436 ft) tall gravity dam and two power stations
adjacent to one another. Water from the dam will be diverted through four intake tunnels about
400 m (0.25 mi) southwest to the power stations. The main power station will contain four 205
MW Francis turbines and the auxiliary power station will contain one 30 MW Francis turbine. The
installed capacity of both power stations will be 850 MW. On 25 June 2013, Prime Minister
Manmohan Singh laid the foundation stone for the dam. Pakistan has frequently alleged that it
violates the Indus Waters. The Ratle hydroelectric project is situated upstream of the 450MW

Baglihar project and downstream of the 390MW Dulhasti project, in the Kishtwar district of J&K.
The project site lies 140km away from the Udhampur railway station and 210km from the airport
in Jammu. Construction work at the 850MW project will include a concrete dam, reservoir,
powerhouse, two circular diversion tunnels, spillways and access roads. The construction of the
first diversion tunnel was completed in June 2022.

xii
 Contents
Candidate's Declaration i

Internship Certificate ii

Supervisor Evaluation of Intern iii

Certificate iv

Acknowledgements v

DPR vi

Abstract vii

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Objectives 3

1.3 Organization 4

1.4 Major Projects by MIEL 6

Chapter -RATLE HYDROELECTRIC POWER PROJECT

2.1 About the Project 8

2.2 Key highlights of Project 9

2.3 Amenities 9

2.4 General description of Work Done 10

Chapter - Drawings

xiii
3.1 About Drawings 11

3.2 Importance of Drawings 11

3.3 Key takeouts during the internship 12

Chapter - Columns

4.1 About Columns 13

4.2 Need of Columns 13

4.3 Reinforcement of Columns 14

4.4 Shuttering of Columns 15

4.5 Pouring of Concrete 15

Chapter - Concrete

5.1 About concrete 16

5.2 Process of concrete 17

Chapter - Slab

6.1 About Slab 18

6.2 Reinforcement of Slab 18

6.3 Shuttering of Slab 19

6.4 Laying of Concrete 20

Conclusion 21

xiv
References 22

Appendix 23

xv
 List of Figures

Fig. No. Fig Title

i MIEL Logo

ii Site of Ratle Hydroelectric Project

iii Plan of Project

iv Site of Ratle Hydroelectric Project

v Zojila Pass Tunnel

vi Transmission Project

vii MIEL

viii Amenities of the Ratle Hydroelectric

ix Power Project

x Direct & Indirect Employment

xi Dam Construction

xii Excavating in Tunnel

xiii Access Roads & Bridges & Chenab

xiv View

xv About Drawings

xvi Safety Protocols Including PPE’S

xvii Theoretical Knowledge and Welding

xviii Station

xix Columns

xx Angle of bars
xxi Dam

xxii Shuttering

xxiii Shuttering Support, Steel

xxiv Props & Pouring of Concrete
xxv Cement
xxvi Aggregates, Admixtures & Potable Water
xxvii Batching plant
xxviii Concrete Mixer
xxix Concrete Pouring
xxx Shuttering of Slab
xxxi Support System, Steel Shuttering &
xxxii Aluminum Shuttering
xxxiii Timber Shuttering
xxxiv Quality Control
xxxv Cement

1
Chapter1

Megha Engineering and Infrastructures Limited (MEIL)

1.1 Introduction
A small fabrication unit that started in 1989 with a few employees has now grown into a
conglomerate of diverse industries with about 40,000 direct employees and more than seven
million people associated worldwide.
Headquartered in Hyderabad, India's leading multi-sector company Megha Engineering and
Infrastructures Limited (MEIL), has made its mark across 20 countries – the USA, Italy, Saudi
Arabia, Kuwait, the Netherlands, Belarus, Venezuela, Peru, Brazil, Argentina, Lesotho, Zambia,
Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Nigeria, Libya, Bangladesh and Jordan– apart from India. Since its
inception, it has grown into a global infrastructure leader in the fourth decade, expanding its wings
to many sectors oil and gas, transportation, power, telecom, irrigation and defence sectors. It is
currently executing several projects globally.
Launched as Megha Engineering Enterprises (MEEs) in 1989, the company executed drinking
water and irrigation projects in the mid1990s in undivided Andhra Pradesh, later expanding to
various states in India in the 2000s. With time, the company transformed into MEIL in
2006, enhancing its global
presence and completing projects with unmatched quality standards. Backed with years of
experience and investment in innovative technologies, the company is executing many ambitious
projects at record speed. The company aims at embarking on a long journey of engineering
resource creation.

Fig.1.1:MEIL

2
 FIG1.2 PLAN OF THE PROJECT

1.1 Objectives

Megha Engineering and Infrastructures Ltd. (MEIL) is a leading infrastructure development

company based in India. The main objectives of MEIL can be summarized as follows:

- To design, develop, and deliver world-class infrastructure projects in various sectors,

including water, transportation, energy, and industrial construction.

- To provide innovative and sustainable solutions to meet the growing infrastructure needs
of India and other countries.

- To enhance the quality of life for people by creating reliable and efficient infrastructure
facilities.

- To achieve excellence in project execution, safety, and customer satisfaction.

- To expand its presence globally and become a renowned name in the infrastructure industry.

3
 - To foster long-term relationships with clients, partners, and stakeholders through
transparency, integrity, and ethical business practices.

Fig1.3 Site of project

1.3 Organization

An organizational chart, also called organigram, organogram, or organizational break down

structure diagram that shows the structure of an organization and the relationships and relative
rank soffits parts and positions/jobs.

Top-Level Management:
- Chairman & Managing Director: Leads the company's overall strategy and direction.
- Directors: Oversee various aspects of the business, such as finance, operations, and
resources.
Business Units:
1. Infrastructure Division:
- Head of Infrastructure: Leads the division's strategy and operations.
- Project Managers: Oversee specific infrastructure projects.
- Engineers & Technical Staff: Work on project design, execution, and management.
2. Energy Division:
- Head of Energy: Leads the division's strategy and operations.
- Project Managers: Oversee specific energy projects.
-Engineers & Technical Staff: Work on project design, execution, and management.

4
Support Functions:

1. Finance Department:
Chief Financial Officer (CFO): Oversees financial planning, accounting, and
reporting.
- Finance Managers: Assist with financial planning, budgeting, and forecasting.

2. Human Resources Department:

- Head of HR: Leads recruitment, talent management, and employee development. -
HR Managers:
- Assist with recruitment, employee relations, and benefits administration.
3. Procurement & Logistics:
- Head of Procurement: Oversees procurement, supply chain management, and
logistics.
- -Procurement Managers: Assist with vendor management, contract administration,
and - inventory control.

Other Departments:

1. Quality Assurance & Control

2. Health, Safety & Environment (HSE)
3. Information Technology (IT)

1.4 Major Projects by Megha Engineering and Infrastructures Ltd

The Megha Engineering and Infrastructures Ltd has undertaken several major projects over the
years, aimed at promoting sustainable urban development and improving the quality of life for
residents of Jammu and its surrounding areas. Some of the significant projects undertaken by the
Megha Engineering and Infrastructures Ltd are: -

1.Zojila Pass Tunnel: The company emerged as the lowest bidder for this prestigious tunnel, which
will provide all-year connectivity between Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh union territories. The

5
project was awarded by the National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd
(NHIDCL), an arm of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways.

Fig1.4 Zojila Pass Tunnel

2.Defence Ministry contract: I COMM, a group company of Megha Engineering & Infrastructures
Ltd (MEIL), has bagged a Rs 500 crore order from the Ministry of Defence. The Defence Ministry
will procure radio relay communication equipment containers from COMM. The delivery of the
containers is scheduled to commence from the current Financial Year 202324.

3.Power Transmission project: State- owned REC arm REC Power Development and Consultancy
has handed over a transmission project called KPSI Transmission Ltd to Megha Engineering &
Infrastructures.
The company emerged as a successful bidder of the Inter-State Transmission Project of the
Ministry of Power, and RECPDCL was the bid process coordinator.

Fig1.5 Transmission Project

6
4.Crude oil refinery project: The company secured a USD 648-million (about Rs 5,400 crore) work
order in Mongolia and the contract was awarded by Mongol Refinery State Owned LLC, MEIL
said in a statement on Friday. This Mongol Refinery project is a government-to-government (G2G)
initiative. Upon completion, the refinery is expected to produce 1.5 million tons of crude oil
annually, catering to Mongolia's domestic demand for gasoline, diesel, aviation fuel and LPG.
These are just a few of the major projects undertaken by The Megha
Engineering and Infrastructures Ltd. The agency continues to undertake new projects aimed at
promoting sustainable urban development and improving the quality of life for residents of Jammu
and its surrounding areas.

7
CHAPTER 2
RATLE HYDROELECTRIC POWER PROJECT (850 MW)

2.1 About the Project

Ratle HE Project (850 MW), is a Run of River Scheme located on River Chenab, in Kishtwar
District of Jammu & Kashmir. The nearest airport is Jammu 215 km and Broad-Gauge Rail Head
is Udhampur 155 km away from Project Headquarters Kishtwar.

Fig2.1 MEIL
The project envisages construction of 133 m high (from deepest foundation level) concrete gravity
Dam, 4 no’s underground circular steel lined pressure shafts/penstocks, an underground Power
House accommodating 4 units of 205 MW (Franci’s type). Also, a unit of 30 MW is envisaged to
utilize the stipulated continuous release of environmental flows. The design energy in a 90%
dependable year with 95% machine availability is 3136.76 MU. The scheduled completion of the
Project is 60 months (including tendering period).
The estimated Cost of the project at November 2018 price level has been estimated at Rs.5281.94
crore including IDC & FC of Rs.958.06 crore. The first-year tariff and levelized tariff of the power
is estimated to be Rs.3.62/KWH and Rs.3.92/KWH, respectively.
2.2 KEY HIGHLIGHTS OF THE PROJECT

- Location: The Ratle Hydroelectric Power Project is located on the Chenab River in the
Kishtwar district of Jammu and Kashmir, near the village of Drabshalla .
- Capacity: The project has an installed capacity of 850 MW, making it a significant
contributor to the region's power generation.
- Run-of-River Scheme: The project is a run-of-river scheme, which means it harnesses the
energy of the river without creating a large reservoir.
- Concrete Gravity Dam: The project features a 133-meter-tall and 194.8-meter-long concrete
gravity dam, as well as a diversion dam and an underground powerhouse.
- Employment Generation: The project is expected to generate direct and indirect
employment for around 4,000 people, contributing to the socio-economic development of
the region.
- Power Benefits: Jammu and Kashmir will benefit from free power worth Rs 5,289 crore
and water usage charges worth Rs 9,581 crore from the Ratle Hydro Electric Project over
its 40year lifecycle.
- Indus Waters Treaty: The project has been a subject of dispute between India and
- Pakistan, with Pakistan alleging that it violates the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960

2.2Amenities of the Ratle Hydroelectric Power Project

9
Employment Opportunities: The construction of the project will generate direct and indirect
employment for around 4,000 people, contributing to the socio-economic development of the
Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir.

Fig 2.3 Direct and Indirect Employment

Free Power: Jammu & Kashmir will benefit from free power worth Rs 5,289 crore and water usage
charges worth Rs 9,581 crore from the Ratle Hydro Electric Project over its 40year lifecycle.

Power Generation: The project includes the construction of a 195m-long, 133m-high concrete
gravity dam, with a sluice-type spillway that will have the capacity to pass a maximum flood of
11,590m³ per second. The project aims to generate 850 MW of power.

Power Distribution: The 11kV power generated at the plant will be increased to 400kV by unit
step-transformers. This will then be transmitted to Power grid’s
400kV Kishenpur substation using two 400kV transmission
lines.

Location: The project is situated upstream of the 450MW

Baglihar project and downstream of the 390MW Dulhasti
project, in the Kishtwar district of J&K. The project site lies
140km away from the Udhampur railway station and 210km
from the airport in Jammu.

10
2.4 General Description of Work Done in Ratle Hydroelectric Power Project
The Ratle Hydroelectric Power Project, located in Drabshalla, Jammu and Kashmir, involves the
following key works:

1. Dam Construction: Building a 133-meter-tall and 194.8-meter-long concrete gravity dam on the
Chenab River.

Fig 2.4 Dam Construction

2.Spillway Construction: Creating a sluice-type spillway to pass floodwater, with a capacity of
11,590 cubic meters per second.

3.Intake Structure: Constructing an intake structure to divert water from the dam to the power
tunnel.

4.Power Tunnel: Excavating a 7.15-kilometer-long power tunnel to carry water from the intake to
the underground powerhouse.

5.Underground Powerhouse: Building an underground powerhouse to house four generating units,

each with a capacity of 212.5 MW.

6.Generator Installation: Installing four generators, each with a capacity of 212.5 MW, to produce
electricity.
11
7.Transmission Lines: Constructing two 400kV transmission lines to transmit power from the
powerhouse to PowerGrid’s 400kV Kashipur substation.

8.Switchyard Construction: Building a switchyard to facilitate power transmission and

distribution.

9.Access Roads and Bridges: Constructing access roads and bridges to facilitate project
construction and operation.

Fig 2.5 Roads & Bridges at Site

10.Environmental Mitigation Measures: Implementing measures to minimize environmental
impacts, such as afforestation and wildlife conservation.
These works aim to harness the hydroelectric potential of the Chenab River, generating 850 MW
of power while ensuring environmental sustainability.

Fig. Chenab River

12
Chapeter 3. Drawings

3.1About Drawing
Drawings are an essential part of civil engineering, as they allow engineers and architects to
communicate design information and construction details to various stakeholders involved in a
project. Drawings provide a visual representation of the project, including its layout, dimensions,
and specifications, which allows stakeholders to better understand the design and construction
requirements. Drawings are typically created using computer-aided design (CAD) software, which
allows for precise measurements and accurate representations of the project. The drawings are
typically reviewed and approved by various stakeholders, including the client, engineers,
architects, contractors, and local authorities, to ensure that they meet the design and construction
requirements and comply with local building codes and regulations.

3.2 Importance of Drawings

Drawings play a crucial role in the design, planning, and construction of civil engineering and
architectural projects. They are essential in ensuring that a project is constructed according to the
design specifications and meets the needs of all stakeholders involved. Here are some of the key
reasons why drawings are so important: -

13
Communication: - Drawings provide a visual representation of a project, allowing stakeholders to
better understand the design and construction
requirements. They facilitate communication between the various stakeholders involved in the
project, including engineers, architects, contractors, and local authorities.

Precision: - Drawings are typically created using computer-aided design (CAD) software, which
allows for precise measurements and accurate representations of the project. This precision is
essential in ensuring that the project is constructed according to the design specifications and meets
the needs of all stakeholders involved.

Compliance: - Drawings are used to ensure that the project complies with local building codes and
regulations. They are reviewed and approved by local authorities to ensure that the project meets
safety, environmental, and other regulatory requirements.

Cost Savings: - Drawings help to identify potential design and construction issues early on in the
project, which can save time and money in the long run. They help to minimize the risk of costly
changes and rework later in the construction process.

Documentation: Drawings provide a permanent record of the project design and construction,
which can be used for future reference, maintenance, and renovations

3.3 KEY TAKEOUT DURING MY INTERNSHIP IN RATLE HYDROELETRIC

POWER PROJECT 850KW: -

Understanding of Renewable Energy: - Gain hands-on experience with hydroelectric power, a

renewable energy source.

Project Management Skills: - Learn about project planning, execution, and management in a
complex engineering environment.

14
Technical Knowledge: - Acquire knowledge of hydroelectric power plant components, such as
turbines, generators, and transmission systems.

Environmental Awareness: - Understand the importance of environmental impact assessments and

mitigation measures in hydroelectric projects.

Teamwork and Collaboration: -Develop teamwork and collaboration skills by working with
engineers, technicians, and other stakeholders.

Problem-Solving Skills: - Learn to analyze and solve problems related to hydroelectric power
generation, transmission, and distribution.

Safety Protocols: - Familiarize yourself with safety

protocols and best practices in a hazardous work
environment.

Fig 3.2 Safety Protocols Including PPE’S

Communication Skills: - Improve communication skills by interacting with project teams,

stakeholders, and local communities.

Adaptability and Flexibility: - Develop adaptability and flexibility in a dynamic project

environment with changing priorities and deadlines.

Networking Opportunities: - Establish connections with professionals in the renewable energy

sector, potentially leading to future career opportunities.

15
 Fig.3.2.1 Theoretical Knowledge

11.Practical Application of Theoretical Knowledge: - Apply theoretical knowledge in a realworld

setting, reinforcing your understanding of engineering concepts.

12.Time Management and Organization: -Develop time management and organization skills to
balance multiple tasks and responsibilities.
These takeouts will provide valuable experience and skills, preparing you for a career in the
renewable energy sector or other fields.

16
 Fig 3.3 Welding Station

Chapter 4. COLUMNS
4.1 About columns
Columns are one of the most important structural elements used in civil engineering. They are
vertical structural members that transfer loads from the superstructure to the foundation. Columns
are typically used to support beams and slabs, and are an essential component of most buildings
and structures.

Columns come in a variety of shapes and sizes, including square, rectangular, circular, and even
irregular shapes. The choice of column shape and size depends on a variety of factors, including
the type of structure, the load it is expected to carry, and the architectural design.

In addition to their load-bearing function, columns also play an important role in the aesthetic
design of a structure. Architects often use columns to create visual interest and to enhance the
overall appearance of a building.

17
 Fig 4.1 Columns
4.2 Need of Columns
Columns support the weight of the structure and transfer the load to the foundation.
The need for columns in construction is as follows: -
Structural Support: - Columns provide structural support to the building by
transferring the load of the superstructure to the foundation. They help distribute the load evenly
across the foundation, preventing the building from collapsing.

Aesthetic Value: - Columns can enhance the aesthetic value of the building by providing a
decorative or architectural feature. They can be used to create unique and beautiful designs that
add to the overall look of the structure.

Space Utilization: - Columns can also help in utilizing the available space in the building
efficiently. By providing support to the superstructure, they eliminate the need for walls and other
load-bearing structures, creating more open space.

18
Safety: - Properly designed and installed columns are essential for the safety of the building and
its occupants. They ensure that the building can withstand external forces like wind and seismic
activity, preventing structural failure.

In summary, columns are an essential part of any building's structural system, providing support,
stability, and safety. They also play an important role in the architectural design of the building
and can enhance its aesthetic value.

4.3 REINFORCEMENT IN COLUMNS: -

The specific details of reinforcement, bar diameter, and angle of bars in the Ratle Hydroelectric
Power Project (850 MW) may vary depending on the structural element and location. However, I
can provide some general information on reinforcement details commonly used in hydroelectric
power projects:

1. Reinforcement: -

- Reinforcement bars (rebars): 16mm to 40mm diameter

- Reinforcement cages: 100mm to 200mm spacing
2. Bar Diameter: -

- Main reinforcement bars: 20mm to 32mm diameter

- Secondary reinforcement bars: 12mm to 20mm diameter
3. Angle of Bars: -

- Main reinforcement bars: 90-degree bend (L-shape) or 135-degree bend (hook shape) -
Secondary reinforcement bars: 90-degree bend (L-shape)

19
 Fig 4.2 Angle of Bar
Some examples of reinforcement details used in specific structures are:
1. Dam: -
- Reinforcement bars: 20mm to 32mm diameter, 150mm spacing -
- Reinforcement cages: 200mm x 200mm, 100mm spacing

Fig 4.3 Powerhouse: -

- Reinforcement bars: 16mm to 25mm diameter, 100mm spacing.

- Reinforcement cages: 150mm x 150mm, 50mm spacing.

20
3. Spillway: -

- Reinforcement bars: 20mm to 32mm diameter, 150mm spacing

- Reinforcement cages: 200mm x 200mm, 100mm spacing

Please note that these are general examples and may not reflect the actual reinforcement details
used in the Ratle Hydroelectric Power Project. The specific reinforcement details would depend
on the structural design, load calculations, and site conditions.

4.4 SHUTTERINGS OF COLUMNS: -

Type of Shuttering: -Steel or Aluminium formwork is commonly used for column shuttering
due to its durability and reusability.

Fig 4.4 Shuttering Materials

Shuttering Size: - The size of the shuttering depends on the column dimensions, typically
ranging from 300mm x 300mm to 600mm x 600mm.

Shuttering Thickness: - The thickness of the shuttering material varies from 2mm to 5mm.
Shuttering Support: -Shuttering is supported by steel props, tie rods, and walers to maintain its
shape and withstand concrete pressure.

Shuttering Process: - Column Shuttering Components: -

- Base plate
- Vertical shuttering
- Top plate
- Corners
- Tie rods
- Walers
- Steel props

Special Considerations: -
- Shuttering design must accommodate complex column shapes and geometries.
- Shuttering material selection considers durability, and resistance to concrete
pressure.
- Shuttering installation ensures accurate column dimensions and finish.

Points to remember: -
The removal of shutters has to be done gently without jerks so that edges of columns are not
damaged.
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Care should be taken regarding fixing and supports of column shuttering to prevent it from
movement during concreting.
Diagonals of the shuttering to be checked to ensure dimensional accuracy.

Fig 4.7 Shuttering

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CHAPTER 5. CONCRETE

5.1 About concrete: -

The concrete used in the Ratle Hydroelectric Power Project (850 MW) in Drabshalla, Jammu
and Kashmir, is likely to be:

High-Strength Concrete: - With a compressive strength of 30-40 MPa (4350-5800 psi) for
structural components like the dam, powerhouse, and intake.

High-Performance Concrete: - With advanced properties like low permeability, high durability,
and resistance to chemical attacks, for critical structures like the dam and water conduits.

Mass Concrete: - For large structures like the dam foundation, with a compressive strength of
20-30 MPa (2900-4350 psi).

Fiber-Reinforced Concrete: - Containing synthetic or steel fibers to enhance tensile strength,

toughness, and resistance to cracking.

Self-Compacting Concrete: - For complex structures like the powerhouse and intake, where
vibration is difficult or impossible.

The concrete mix design may include:

1. Cement: - OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) or special cements like PPC (Pozzolana Portland
Cement) or SRC (Sulfate-Resistant Cement).

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 Fig 5.0 Cement
2. Aggregates: - Locally sourced or imported aggregates, like gravel, sand, or crushed stone.

Fig 5.1 Aggregates

3. Admixtures: - Chemical admixtures like superplasticizers, retarding agents, or airentraining
agents to enhance workability, strength, or durability.

Fig 5.1.1 Admixtures

4. Water: -Clean, potable water or treated water to ensure consistent concrete quality.
The concrete is designed to withstand:

Fig 5.2 Potable water

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1. High water pressure
2. Seismic loads
3. Extreme weather conditions
4. Chemical attacks
5. Abrasion and erosion

5.2 Process of concreting: -

The process of concreting in the Ratle Hydroelectric Power Project (850 MW) in Drabshalla,
Jammu and Kashmir, involves the following steps:

Fig 5.3 Batching Plant

1. Preparation: - Site preparation: Cleaning, excavation, and leveling of the area.
- Formwork installation: Setting up molds to shape the concrete. - Reinforcement placement:
Installing steel rebars or fibers.

2. Concrete Production:
- Batching: Measuring and mixing cement, aggregates, and admixtures.
- Mixing: Blending the ingredients in a concrete mixer.

26
 Fig 5.4 Concrete Mixer

3.Transportation:
- Concrete transport: Moving the mixed concrete to the site using trucks or pumps.

4. Placement:
- Concrete pouring: Filling the formwork with concrete.
- Compaction: Vibrating or tamping to remove air pockets.

Fig 5.5 Concrete Pouring

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 Chapter 6. SLABS
6.1 About slabs

In construction and civil engineering, a slab is a structural element that is typically used as a
floor or roof. Slabs are usually made of concrete, reinforced with steel bars, and are designed to
resist bending a slab in the Ratle Hydroelectric Power Project (850 MW) in Drabshalla, Jammu
and Kashmir, are used in various structures, including:

1. Dam Slab: - A reinforced concrete slab forming the crest of the dam, with a thickness of 12
meters.

2. Powerhouse Slab: - A reinforced concrete slab supporting the turbines, generators, and other
equipment, with a thickness of 1-2 meters.

3. Intake Slab: - A reinforced concrete slab forming the intake structure, with a thickness of
0.5-1 meter.

4. Spillway Slab: - A reinforced concrete slab forming the spillway channel, with a thickness of
0.5-1 meter.

5. Floor Slabs: - Reinforced concrete slabs used for flooring in the powerhouse, control rooms,
and other buildings.

6. Roof Slabs: - Reinforced concrete slabs used for roofing in the powerhouse, control rooms, and
other buildings.

These slabs are designed to withstand various loads, including:

1. Dead Load: - Weight of the slab itself and permanent structures.

28
2. Live Load: - Weight of moving equipment, personnel, and temporary structures.

3. Water Pressure: - Hydrostatic pressure from the reservoir or tailrace.

4. Seismic Load: - Earthquake forces and vibrations.

The slabs are constructed using:

1. Reinforced Concrete: - With steel rebars or fibres for added strength.

2. Post-Tensioning: - Applying compressive force to the slab after concrete hardening.

3. Prestressing: - Applying compressive force to the slab during concrete placement.

6.2 SHUTTERING OF SLABS

Shuttering was done by the use of plywood and timber. Using plywood in formwork is gaining
popularity given that it presents a smooth surface that requires no further finishing treatment and
can also be re-used normally 20 to 25 times. Plywood can be used to cover up the large area so
that it largely reduces the labour cost of fixing and dismantling of formwork. Bases (also known
as sills) are required that are made from wood or metal and these bases support the vertical stringers
which in turn support the horizontal joists.

29
 Fig 6.1 Shuttering in slabs

Shuttering of slabs in the Ratle Hydroelectric Power Project (850 MW) in Drabshalla, Jammu
and Kashmir, involves the following steps:

1. Framework Design: - Designing the formwork to support the slab's shape and size.

2. Material Selection: - Choosing suitable materials for shuttering, such as steel, aluminium, or
timber.

3. Shuttering Installation: - Erecting the formwork to the required shape and size.

4. Support System: - Installing a support system, including props, walers, and tie rods, to hold the
shuttering in place.

Fig 6.2 Support System in Dam

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5. Shuttering Removal: - Removing the shuttering after concrete setting and curing.

Types of shuttering used: -

1. Steel Shuttering: - Steel forms, such as steel sheets or steel fabric, for large slabs.

Fig 6.3 Steel Shuttering

2. Aluminium Shuttering: - Aluminium forms for lighter and more complex slabs.

Fig 6.4 Aluminium Shuttering

3. Timber Shuttering: - Wooden forms for smaller slabs or temporary structures.

31
 Fig 6.5 Timber Shuttering

Shuttering considerations:

1. Structural Integrity: - Ensuring the shuttering can support the concrete's weight and external
loads.
2. Concrete Finish: - Achieving a smooth, even finish on the concrete surface.
3. Removal Ease: - Designing the shuttering for easy removal without damaging the concrete.
4. Reuse: - Designing the shuttering for reuse in multiple slab pours.

6.4 LAYING OF CONCRETE: -

The concrete was placed against one edge of the formwork and add further batches working
away from the edge, spread with a shovel to ensure that all of the edges and corners of the
formwork are completely filled. It was filled entirely and tamped to remove air voids. Water
(bleed water) will appear on the surface and then gradually evaporate during finishing. Curing
was done by moistening the surface and edges of the slab using gentle spray twice daily for 7
days. Formwork may be carefully removed after 24 hours. You can walk on the surface after 3
days but avoid any heavy loads for at least 7 days.

Laying of concrete in the Ratle Hydroelectric Power Project (850 MW) in Drabshalla, Jammu
and Kashmir, involves the following steps:

32
 Preparation: - Preparing the subgrade, formwork, and reinforcement.

Concrete Production: - Producing concrete in a batching plant or on-site mixer.

Transportation: - Transporting concrete to the laying site using trucks, pumps, or cranes.

- Placement: - Placing concrete in the formwork, using methods like:

- Pumping
- Crane and bucket

5. Compaction: - Compacting the concrete to remove air pockets and ensure density.

6. Finishing: - Finishing the concrete surface, using techniques like:

- Floating
- Troweling
- Texturing

7. Curing: - Curing the concrete to prevent water loss and ensure strength gain.
Laying concrete considerations:

1. Workability: - Ensuring concrete workability for easy placement and compaction.

2. Strength: - Achieving the required concrete strength for structural integrity.

3. Surface Finish: - Achieving a smooth, even surface finish.

4. Curing Conditions: - Ensuring adequate curing conditions, like temperature and humidity.

33
5. Quality Control: - Monitoring the laying process to ensure compliance with specifications.

Fig 6.6 Quality Control

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, my internship at the Ratle Hydroelectric Power Project 850KW has provided me
with invaluable hands-on experience and exposure to the intricacies of hydroelectric power
generation. Throughout my tenure, I had the opportunity to observe and assist in various aspects
of the project, including civil construction, mechanical installation, and electrical testing.

The experience has deepened my understanding of the theoretical concepts learned in academia
and has given me a practical perspective on the challenges and solutions in the field. I have
gained insight into the project management, quality control, and safety protocols employed in
large-scale infrastructure projects.

34
I am grateful for the guidance and support extended by the project team and supervisors, who
have helped me navigate the complexities of the project and hone my skills. This internship has
not only enhanced my technical knowledge but also instilled in me a sense of professionalism,
teamwork, and adaptability.

As I conclude my internship, I am confident that the experience and skills acquired will be
instrumental in shaping my future career in the field of engineering and infrastructure
development. I look forward to applying the knowledge and insights gained during my time at
the Ratle Hydroelectric Power Project."

35
 REFERENCES
1. Design and underground construction at the Xiaolangdi multipurpose dam site.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0886-7798(98)00005-4

2. Khan, M. I., & Kamaruddin, I. (2018). Mix design for concrete grade 50 based on flexural
strength for bridge & dam construction. MATEC Web of Conferences, 195, 01018.

3. Renewable energy status of electricity generation and future prospect hydropower in Turkey.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.08.063

4. Controlled blasting in underground construction: A case study of a tunnel plug

demolition in the Neelum Jhelum hydroelectric project.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.103098

5. IS 2185 (Part 1): 2005. (2005). Specification (5th ed.). Bureau of Indian Standards.

6. Managing the cost overrun risks of hydroelectric dams: An application of reference class
forecasting techniques. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.006

7. An Introduction to Hydroelectric Power Plants (Dams and Hydroelectric Power Plants)

Paperback – Import, 25 November 2016.
https://www.amazon.in/Introduction-Hydroelectric-Power-Plants/dp/1540627918

8. "Reinforced Concrete: Mechanics and Design" by Wight and MacGregor, available on

Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Reinforced-Concrete-Mechanics-James
MacGregor/dp/0135044359
9. Hydraulic Power Plants: A Textbook for Engineering
Students. https://benthambooks.com/book/9789811494123/foreword/

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 Appendix:

A. Project Specifications
- Project name: Ratle Hydroelectric Power Project
- Location: Drabshalla, Jammu and Kashmir
- Capacity: 850 kW
- Head: 100 meters
- Flow rate: 10 m3/s
- Turbine type: Franci’s turbine
- Generator type: Synchronous generator
B. Technical Drawings - Civil structures:
- Dam layout
- Powerhouse layout
- Intake structure - Spillway - Mechanical components:
- Turbine assembly - Generator assembly
- - Penstock and valves - Electrical systems:
- Transformer layout
- Switchgear and control systems

C. Photographs

- Site photographs:
- Project site overview
- Dam construction
- Powerhouse construction
- Turbine installation
- Equipment photographs: - Turbine and generator
- Control room
- Switchgear and transformers
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 D. Data Sheets

- Equipment data sheets:

- Turbine specifications - Generator specifications - Transformer specifications - Material data
sheets: - Concrete mix design
- Steel reinforcement specifications

E. References

- List of sources used in the report, including books, articles, and websites.

F. Glossary

- Definitions of technical terms used in the report.

38