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    DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE – 8: DSC8:C3

    Credit distribution, Eligibility and Pre-requisites of the Course

    Course title & Credits Credit distribution of the Eligibility Pre-


    Code course criteria requisite
    Lecture Tutorial Practical/ of the
    Practice course
    (if any)
    Course Title: 04 02 00 02 Class XII pass NIL
    CHEMICAL
    ENERGETICS with Physics,
    AND Chemistry
    EQUILIBRIA and
    Course Code: Mathematics
    CHEMISTRY-3
    (DSC8-C3)

    Learning Objectives

    The Learning Objectives of this course are as follows:

    ● The objective of this paper is to develop basic understanding of the chemical energetics,
    laws of thermodynamics and ionic equilibrium. It provides basic understanding of the
    behaviour of electrolytes and their solutions.
    ● The students will also learn about the properties of ideal and real gases and deviation
    from ideal behaviour.

    Learning outcomes

    By the end of this course, students will be able to:

    ● Understand the laws of thermodynamics, thermochemistry and equilibria.


    ● Understand concept of pH and its effect on the various physical and chemical properties
    of the compounds.
    ● Use the concepts learnt to predict feasibility of chemical reactions and to study the
    behaviour of reactions in equilibrium.

    SYLLABUS OF Chemistry-3 (DSC-8:C3)

    Theory Component

    UNIT – I: Chemical Energetics (14 Hours)

    133
    Review of Intensive and extensive variables; state and path functions; isolated, closed and
    open systems, concept of heat, Q, work, W, internal energy, U, and enthalpy, H.

    First law
    Concept of heat, Q, work, W, internal energy, U, and statement of first law; enthalpy, H,
    relation between heat capacities, Joule Thompson Porous Plug experiment, Nature of Joule
    Thompson coefficient, calculations of Q, W, ΔU and ΔH for reversible, irreversible and
    free expansion of ideal gases under isothermal conditions.

    Thermochemistry
    Enthalpy of reactions: standard states; enthalpy of neutralization, enthalpy of hydration,
    enthalpy of formation and enthalpy of combustion and its applications, bond dissociation
    energy and bond enthalpy; effect of temperature (Kirchhoff’s equations) on enthalpy of
    reactions.

    Second Law
    Concept of entropy; statement of the second law of thermodynamics. Calculation of entropy
    change for reversible processes and irreversible processes (for ideal gases). Free Energy
    Functions: Gibbs and Helmholtz energy; variation of S, G, A with T, V, P; Free energy
    change and spontaneity (for ideal gases), Gibbs-Helmholtz equation.

    Third Law
    Statement of third law, unattainability of absolute zero, calculation of absolute entropy of
    molecules, concept of residual entropy, calculation of absolute entropy of solid, liquid and
    gases.

    UNIT – II: Chemical Equilibrium (4 Hours)


    Criteria of thermodynamic equilibrium, chemical equilibrium in ideal gases. Thermodynamic
    derivation of relation between Gibbs free energy of reaction and reaction quotient. Equilibrium
    constants and their qualitative dependence on T, P and concentration (Le Chatelier’s
    principle). Free energy of mixing and spontaneity.

    UNIT – III: Ionic Equilibria (12 Hours)


    Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting degree of
    ionization, Ostwald’s dilution law, ionization constant and ionic product of water, ionization
    of weak acids and bases, pH scale, common ion effect, salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis
    constant, degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts. Buffer solutions, Henderson-
    Hasselbach equation. Solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts – applications
    of solubility product principle.

    Practical component – 60 Hours

    Chemical Energetics:
    1. Determination of heat capacity of calorimeter.
    2. Determination of enthalpy of neutralization of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide.
    3. Determination of the enthalpy of ionization of ethanoic acid.

    134

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