Author - Adarsh Gupta, ©Sheryians Coding School Bhopal. v4.

0
-- MODULE 1 --
Day 1 --Installation of Java & Intellij IDEA
--IDE ? Integrated Development Environment
--Creating a new project in Intellij IDEA
--Exploring Settings of Intellij
--Font Size
--Theme
--Enabling zoom feature
--Writing your first program
--main public static void main(String[] args) { }
--sout System.out.println();
--Running a Java program
--Comments
--Single Line //
--Multi line /* comments */
--Understanding the need of a variable
--Intro to data types
--int - stores integers Ex - 1 2 3
--String - stores combination of characters Ex - "Shery"

Day 2 --Variables
--can contain Data or Object References (DTL)
--Variable declation, Initialization
--Role of + operator between String & numbers
--String + String = String - Concatenation
--String + int = String - Concatenation
--int + int = int - Arithmetic Addition
--Naming Convention for Class/Variable/Method name - identifiers
--Must start with an alphabet or _ or $
--Can end with a alphabet or _ or $ or numeric digit
--Spaces are not allowed
--No reserved keyword
--Java is CASE SENSITIVE
--Cases and Conventions for clean and readable code.
--PascalCase - Class & Interface
--camelCase - variable and method name
--Game of brackets
--( ) - Methods - Parantheses
--{ } - Scope/body - Curly
--[ ] - Array - Square
--<> - Generics - Angular

Day 3 --Literal or constant

--Data Types - Graphic
--Primitive or Pre-defined
--Integer --why 4 ?
--byte, short, int, long( l or L suffix )
--Every Integer constant in java is int by default
--Floating Points
--Stop calling these decimal numbers
--float( suffix - f or F ), double( suffix - d or D -
Optional)
--Every floating constant in java is double by default
--Non Numeric
--boolean, allowed values - true or false
--char - UNICODE (ASCII is a subset of UNICODE)
--Range - 0 to 65,535
--char can hold a equivalent int value
 --Non Primitive
--User defined or Custom data types
--Derived from Primitive data types
--String literals
--String name = "Shery"

Day 4 --API - Application Programming Interface

--Reading Inputs from User
--Scanner Class
--Present inside java.util package
--Import Scanner class - import java.util.Scanner;
--Create Instance - Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
--Standard Input, Output - STDIN, STDOUT
--Use methods to read respective data
--nextByte(), nextShort(), nextInt(), nextLong(), nextFloat(),
nextDouble(), nextBoolean()
--Reading String Data
--nextLine() - Reads the whole line
--next() - Reads the first word
--Reading char data
--nextLine().charAt(0)
--Problem with nextLine method
--If nextLine is used right after any scanner method then it will
not work properly.
--Remember to use a dummy nextLine method after reading nextXYZ
data
which will pick the newline character
--Introduction to JAVA DOCUMENTATION

Day 5 --Operators in Java

--Unary, Binary
--Arithmatic +, -, *, /, %, ++, --
--int/int will always yields int
--Modulo can work with int (works perfactly) as well as floats
(produces unambiguity)
--Increment/Decrement operators can only be applied on variables,
not on constants.
--Pre ++a
--Post a++
--Special powers of / & %
--/ to reduce the number
--% to get last digit(s) of number
--Relational <, >, <=, >=, ==, !=
--These returns values in boolean - true or false
--Logical &&, ||, !
--Used to combine multiple conditions
--ShortHand operators
--Precedence and Associativity of Operators
--Rest to be covered later like bitwise and shift operators

Day 6 --Control Flow Statements

--if(condition)
--executes its body if condition returns true
--works only on boolean values
--did not do anything if condition returns false

--if(condition) ... else

--executes body of if, if condition returns true otherwise
executes else body
 --else can't exist without if
--else do not have any condition

--if(condition) ... else if(condition)

--it is just a combitionation of the above two

--if(condition) if(condition) if(condition) if(condition) - Aka if

ladder
--Nothing but a combination if multiple independent if statements

--Package
--Creating a new package
--package statement should be the first line in the java code file
--Used to group a similar set of classes (code management)
--Default Library package imported by default in every Java class
java.lang.*
--Math class
--Present inside java.lang
--abs()
--floor()
--sqrt()
--cbrt()
--ceil()
--pow(double a, double b)
--round()
--max(double a, double b)

Day 7 --MORE PROGRAMS ON IF ELSE

--Discount on Bill
--INR Denomination
--Weekdays of corresponding number

--Ternary Operator
--<condition> ? true : false;
--Type Coversion or Type casting
--Implcit or Widening
--order byte->short->int->long->float->double
char->int
--Expilicit or Narrowing
byte<-short<-int<-long<-float<-double
short<-char<-int
--syntax
<data_type><var> = <data_type><var or val>;
--Type Promotion

Day 8 --Loops
--Need of loops in programming
--Types
--Entry Controlled
--Exit Controlled

--for(init; condition; incre/decre)

--Executes its body untill condition returns true
--Syntax tweaks
--Init outside loop
--multiple conditions
--incre/decre inside loop body
--Conditions for infinite for loop
--for(;;)
 --for(;;);
--if condition never returns false
Day 9 --while(conditions)
--Executes its body untill condition returns true
--Use it when the number of iterations are unknown
--Conditions for infinite while loop
--while(true)
--condition never returns false

Day 10 --Nested Loops

--Loop inside loop
--How to identify if nested loop is required ?
--Pattern Programming
--print() Vs println()
--Hackerrank

Day 11 --DO ... WHILE(condition);

--Executes at least one time
--Don't forget to put semicolon after while
--Executes untill conditions returns false

Day 12 --Switch statement

--Allowable data types - byte, short, char, int, String. (also wrapper
classes of the same)
--Why not floating points ?
--Generates ambiguity (comparison is not perfact with
floats)
--switch dont check each and every case.
--multiple cases can be combined together
--Seperate multiple cases by commas.
--cant use the expressions as cases.
--Generates ambiguity
--every case must be unique.
--fall through - gir jana.
--switch table
--Java v14
--Reducing boilerplate using arrow functions - aka lambdas
--No break statement required.
--Switch Expression
--yeild keyword

Day 13 --Arrays Data Structure

--Need
--Architecture
--One D array
--Different ways of initialization
--with new keyword
--With size
--int[] arr = new int[size]
--Without size
--int[] arr = new int[]{1, 2, 3}
--size and init can't be done together
--without new keyword
--int[] arr = {1, 2, 3}

--Default values of array element

integers - 0
floats - 0.0
 char - null character, unicode - '\u0000'
boolean - false
non-primitives - null

Day 14 --Programs on array

Day 15 --Enhanced for loop

--Searching
--Linear Search
--Binary Search
--Sorting
--Bubble Sort

Day 16 --Multi D Arrays

--2D/Matrix, 3D Array
--Array of Array References
--Memory structure
--Matrix form of 2D array
--Initialization
--With new keyword
--With constant values
--Programs
--Traversing / Visiting each index of array
--Taking inputs
--Displaying elements of array in matrix form
--Sum of Digonals
--Jagged Arrays
--Must provide the size of first dimension
--Importance of length property in traversing

--ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
--NullPointerException

Day 17 --Methods
--Method Signature / Method Prototype / Method Definition
--Need of methods
--Method types
--static
--Invoke by class name
--instance / factory method / non static
--Invoke by object's reference
--Programs
--Factorial
--Strong Number
--145 = 1! + 4! + 5!
--Armstrong Number
--153 = 1^3 + 5^3 + 3^3
--Special Number
--109 = 1 + 0 + 9 = 10 = 1 + 0 = 1

Day 18 --Arguments
--Formal Arguments
--Actual arguments
--Arguments Passing
--Pass by value
--Passing Array Objects.
--varargs
--exactly three dots (...)
 --variable length arguments
--there can be only one varargs in a method
--if there are other parameters then varargs must be declared in the
last.

Day 19 --Object Oriented Programming Part 1

--Relation bw Class, Object & Constructor
--Class is prototype, object a real thing
--Class is a blueprint of building, object is building itself
--Constructor runs only once after object creation
--Class
--Class can have attributes(variables) and behavior(methods)
--How will you store the information of a student
--Custom data types
--Instance fields / Data members
--Keep the data members of class private
--Factory methods
--Object
--Creating an Object
<Class name> ref = new <any constructor of Class>
--Object has state(instance fields) & behaviour(methods)
--Constructor
--Executes at the time of object creation
--Main purpose is to initialize the instance fields
--Default Constructor
--Para Constructor
--this keyword
--Points to current calling object
--Rules and Properties.
--Same name as class name,
--when an object is created with new keyword, the
constructer is called.
--called only once in object lifecycle at object creation
--No return type.
--can not made static.
--What happen if we provide it a return type
--It will become an ordinary java method and will not be
called at object creation.

Day 20 --Making a Model

--Data Containers
--Getters
--Setters
--toString()
--hashCode
--equals()
--Data members of a class must be private.
--Making a class read only
--Array of Objects
Program to Store the data of 5 students and print them
--Overloading
--Rules(By following any of given rules we can achieve overloading).
--Number of agrs must be different
--Data type of one or more args must be differnt.
--Order of args must be different
--Constructor overloading
--Method Overloading
Day 21 --Understanding behind the scenes
--JDK, JRE, JIT, JVM
--Platform Indepent
--Java bytecode
--Command Line
--cd, cd.., cls, dir, mkdir, rmdir, tree, ping
--Running Java program via cmd
--In case of single java class
java FileName.java
--In case of multiple classes
javac FileName.java
java MainClassName
--Leetcode

Day 22 --String API

--array of characters.
--Strings instances are immutable that is they can not be changed,
however if u try to change the
value a new instance/object will be created in the memory.
--Strings literals
--String name = "Adarsh";
--Using this method, they gets generated in the special memory
location called
String Constants pool inside heap(architecture).
--Why immutable ?
--String Constructor
--String name = new String( "Adarsh" );
--Gets generated inside heap but points to different objects.
(architecture)
--String Methods
--Comparing Strings
--Avoid using == operator
--Using equals(), compareTo()

Day 23 --StringBuilder API

--Mutable String Objects
--Default capacity - 16 characters.
--Constructors
--StringBuilder() - 16 characters capacity
--StringBuilder(int n) - N characters capacity
--StringBuilder(String str) - Length of str + 16 characters
capacity
--Important Methods
--When to choose StringBuilder
--In case of too many manupulations on String Objects
--StringBuilder vs StringBuffer vs String

Day 24 --Wrapper Classes

--Autoboxing
--Unboxing
--Useful Methods
--Parsing Strings
--Useful in Collection framework and other APIs

--BufferedReader API
--InputStreamReader
--Reading data through BufferedReader
--readLine()
--Parse Strings into respective data type
 --Why BufferedReader

Day 25 --ArrayList API

--Lists - ArrayList - Kind of Dynamic Array
--Default Capacity is 10
--Can store duplicates and null values
--ArrayList stores Objects
--Autoboxing & Unboxing in ArrayList
--Creating an ArrayList
ArrayList<TYPE> ref = new ArrayList<>();
--Important Methods
--add(E e), add(int index, E e),
--clear()
--remove(int index) - remove from particular index.
--remove(Object obj) - remove first matched object.
--forEach() ex- ref.forEach((n) -> sout(n));
--contains(Object obj) -returns true if the element found.
--set(int index, E element)
--get(int index)
--subList(int from, int to);
--size()
--indexOf(Object obj)

Day 26 --Hashing/HashSet/Map

stack calls in a normal prog

heap
recursion
break
continue