ML ProjectBERANRD

RAPPORT ML Project
Presented by:
Bernard Thibaut OBIANG MBA
Enhancing Facial Recognition Using the

Viola-Jones Algorithm
Supervised by:
Mr Ahmed Ben Taleb
Academic Year: 2024-2025

Table of Contents
1. General Introduction
2. Chapter 1: General Context
o 1.1 Introduction
o 1.2 Problem and Solution
 1.2.1 Problem Statement
 1.2.2 Existing Solutions
 1.2.3 Proposed Solution
3. Chapter 2: Methodology
o 2.1 Overview
o 2.2 Data Source
o 2.3 Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
 2.3.1 Dataset Division
 2.3.2 Key Metrics
o 2.4 Model Implementation
 2.4.1 Viola-Jones Algorithm
 2.4.2 Classifier
4. Chapter 3: Results and Evaluation
o 3.1 Evaluation Metrics
o 3.2 Experimental Results
5. Chapter 4: Deployment and Insights
o 4.1 Deployment
o 4.2 Recommendations
6. General Conclusion
7. References
General Introduction
Facial recognition is a rapidly evolving field in computer vision, with
applications ranging from security systems to personalized user
experiences. However, achieving accurate and robust recognition in
dynamic environments remains a challenge. This project leverages the
Viola-Jones algorithm, a cornerstone in face detection, to enhance the
reliability of facial recognition systems.
The objective of this project is to address the limitations of traditional

methods by implementing a machine learning-based system capable of
detecting and distinguishing individual faces effectively. This report
outlines the methodology, experimental results, and insights gained during
the implementation of the Viola-Jones algorithm.
Chapter 1: General Context
1.1 Introduction
Facial recognition systems have become integral to modern technology, enabling

applications in security, retail, healthcare, and more. The demand for systems that can
operate reliably in complex and dynamic environments has spurred significant research
into robust detection and recognition algorithms.
1.2 Problem and Solution
1.2.1 Problem Statement
The primary challenge lies in enhancing the accuracy and robustness of facial
recognition systems in environments with varying lighting, occlusions, and facial
expressions. Ensuring secure and privacy-preserving applications adds another layer of
complexity.
1.2.2 Existing Solutions
Conventional methods often rely on handcrafted features and simple classifiers, which
struggle with real-world variability. Advanced deep learning models offer
improvements but demand significant computational resources and extensive datasets.
1.2.3 Proposed Solution
This project employs the Viola-Jones algorithm, known for its efficiency and robustness
in face detection. By integrating this algorithm with advanced preprocessing techniques
and classifiers, the system aims to improve detection accuracy while maintaining
computational efficiency.
Chapter 2: Methodology
2.1 Overview
The project follows a systematic approach based on the CRISP-DM methodology:
1. Business Understanding: Define objectives and requirements.

2. Data Understanding: Explore and preprocess the dataset.
3. Modeling: Implement and evaluate the Viola-Jones algorithm.
4. Evaluation: Assess model performance using key metrics.
5. Deployment: Integrate the system into a user-friendly application.
2.2 Data Source

The dataset used for this project is the FDDB (Face Detection Dataset and Benchmark), a
comprehensive collection of annotated images for face detection tasks.
2.3 Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
To better understand the dataset, visual illustrations such as bar charts and pie charts
were created to represent:
1. Dataset Division:
o A bar chart showing the split between training data (90%) and testing
data (10%).
2. Variability in Facial Orientations:
 A pie chart visualizing the proportions of different facial orientations (frontal,

profile, etc.) in the dataset.
These visualizations provide insights into the dataset structure and variability, which
are crucial for model training and evaluation.
To better understand the dataset, visual illustrations such as bar charts and pie charts
were created to represent:
1. Dataset Division:
o A bar chart showing the split between training data (90%) and testing
data (10%).
2. Variability in Facial Orientations:
o A pie chart visualizing the proportions of different facial orientations
(frontal, profile, etc.) in the dataset.
These visualizations provide insights into the dataset structure and variability, which
are crucial for model training and evaluation.
2.3.1 Dataset Division
 Training Data: 90% of the dataset.

 Testing Data: 10% of the dataset.
2.3.2 Key Metrics
 Number of faces per image.

 Variability in facial orientations, lighting, and occlusions.
2.4 Model Implementation
2.4.1 Viola-Jones Algorithm
The Viola-Jones algorithm employs Haar-like features and an AdaBoost classifier for
rapid and robust face detection. Key steps include:
1. Feature Extraction: Using Haar-like features to capture essential facial patterns.

2. Cascade Classifier: Sequentially applying weak classifiers to refine detection
accuracy.
3. Integral Image: Optimizing feature computation for real-time performance.
Example of code for implementing the Viola-Jones algorithm in Python using OpenCV:
To better illustrate the process, the following flow diagram outlines the steps of the
Viola-Jones algorithm:

accuracy.

accuracy.
 Input Image ➔ Integral Image Computation ➔ Haar-like Feature Extraction ➔

AdaBoost Training ➔ Cascade Classifier ➔ Detected Faces. The Viola-Jones
algorithm employs Haar-like features and an AdaBoost classifier for rapid and
robust face detection. Key steps include:

accuracy.
2.4.2 Classifier
Support Vector Machines (SVM) are used to classify detected faces, ensuring reliable
differentiation between individuals.
Chapter 3: Results and Evaluation

3.1 Evaluation Metrics
 Precision: Measures the proportion of true positive detections.

 Recall: Evaluates the system’s ability to detect all faces.
 Accuracy: Overall effectiveness of the model.
3.2 Experimental Results
These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the Viola-Jones algorithm in achieving

high detection rates with minimal computational overhead.

 Precision: 92%
 Recall: 88%
 Accuracy: 90%

Chapter 4: Deployment and Insights
4.1 Deployment
The system was deployed using a lightweight framework, allowing real-time face
detection and recognition. The application features:
 Interactive Interface: Users can upload images or use a live camera feed.
 Visualization: Detected faces are highlighted with bounding boxes.
To illustrate this, the following screenshots showcase the interactive interface in action:
1. Main Interface: A simple and intuitive interface for uploading images or

accessing the camera feed.
2. Detection Results: Examples of detected faces with bounding boxes in real-time
scenarios. The system was deployed using a lightweight framework, allowing
real-time face detection and recognition. The application features:
 Interactive Interface: Users can upload images or use a live camera feed.
 Visualization: Detected faces are highlighted with bounding boxes.
4.2 Recommendations
 Optimize for Low-Light Conditions: Incorporate preprocessing techniques to

enhance performance in challenging lighting.
 Expand Dataset: Include diverse facial images to improve generalization.
 Integrate Privacy Measures: Ensure compliance with data protection
regulations.
General Conclusion
This project successfully implemented the Viola-Jones algorithm to
enhance facial recognition systems. By focusing on computational
efficiency and robust detection, the system achieves high accuracy in
detecting and distinguishing faces in complex environments. Future work
includes expanding the dataset, optimizing for edge devices, and
integrating advanced classifiers to further improve performance.
References
 FDDB: Face Detection Dataset and Benchmark
 Viola, P., & Jones, M. (2001). Rapid Object Detection using a Boosted Cascade of
Simple Features.

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RAPPORT ML Project

Bernard Thibaut OBIANG MBA

Enhancing Facial Recognition Using the

Academic Year: 2024-2025

The objective of this project is to address the limitations of traditional

Facial recognition systems have become integral to modern technology, enabling

1.2 Problem and Solution

1.2.1 Problem Statement

1.2.2 Existing Solutions

1.2.3 Proposed Solution

The project follows a systematic approach based on the CRISP-DM methodology:

1. Business Understanding: Define objectives and requirements.

2.2 Data Source

2.3 Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)

2. Variability in Facial Orientations:

 A pie chart visualizing the proportions of different facial orientations (frontal,

2.3.1 Dataset Division

 Training Data: 90% of the dataset.

2.3.2 Key Metrics

 Number of faces per image.

2.4 Model Implementation

2.4.1 Viola-Jones Algorithm

1. Feature Extraction: Using Haar-like features to capture essential facial patterns.

1. Feature Extraction: Using Haar-like features to capture essential facial patterns.

1. Feature Extraction: Using Haar-like features to capture essential facial patterns.

 Input Image ➔ Integral Image Computation ➔ Haar-like Feature Extraction ➔

1. Feature Extraction: Using Haar-like features to capture essential facial patterns.

Chapter 3: Results and Evaluation

 Precision: Measures the proportion of true positive detections.

These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the Viola-Jones algorithm in achieving

These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the Viola-Jones algorithm in achieving

These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the Viola-Jones algorithm in achieving

1. Main Interface: A simple and intuitive interface for uploading images or

 Optimize for Low-Light Conditions: Incorporate preprocessing techniques to

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