At the end of the course students will be able to:

Apply basic principles of hybrid and electric vehicle to design vehicle.

Select appropriate cycle source of energy for the hybrid electric vehicle based on
driving.
Analyze the power and energy need of the various hybrid electric vehicle.
Measure and estimate the energy consumption of the Hybrid Vehicles.
Evaluate energy efficiency of the vehicle for its drive trains.

Unit 1 (6 hrs)

Introduction to Electric Vehicle:

History of Electric Vehicles, Development towards 21st Century, Types of Electric Vehicles in use
today – Battery Electric Vehicle, Hybrid (ICE & others), Fuel Cell EV, Solar Powered Vehicles.
Motion and Dynamic Equations of the Electric Vehicles: various forces acting on the Vehicle in
static and dynamic conditions.

Unit 2 (6 hrs)

Induction to Hybrid Electric Vehicle:

Social and environmental importance of hybrid and electric vehicles, impact of modern drivetrains
on energy supplies. Hybrid Electric drivetrains: Basic concept of hybrid traction, introduction to
various hybrid Drive-train topologies, power flow control in hybrid drive-train topologies, fuel
efficiency analysis.

Unit 3 (8hrs)
Electric Drive Trains:
Basic concept of electric traction, introduction to various electric drive- train topologies, power
flow control in electric drive-train topologies, fuel efficiency analysis. Electric Propulsion unit:
Introduction to electric components used in hybrid and electric vehicles, Configuration and control
of DC Motor drives, Configuration and control of Induction Motor drives, configuration and control
of Permanent Magnet Motor drives, Configuration and control of Switch Reluctance Motor drives,
drive system efficiency.

Unit 4 (7hrs)

Types of Storage Systems:

Introduction to Energy Storage Requirements in Hybrid and Electric Vehicles, Battery based
energy storage and its analysis, Fuel Cell based energy storage and its analysis, Super
Capacitor based energy storage and its analysis, Flywheel based energy storage and its
analysis, Hybridization of different energy storage devices. Sizing the drive system:
Matching the electric machine and the internal combustion engine (ICE), Sizing the
propulsion motor, sizing the power electronics, selecting the energy storage technology,
Calculation for the ratings.

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Unit 5 (7hrs)

Modelling of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Range:

Driving Cycles, Types of Driving Cycles, Range modelling for Battery Electric Vehicle, Hybrid
(ICE & others), Fuel Cell EV, Solar Powered Vehicles. Case study of 2-wheeler, 3-wheeler
and 4-wheeled vehicles.

Unit 6 (7hrs)

Energy Management Strategies

Introduction to energy management strategies used in hybrid and electric vehicles,
classification of different energy management strategies, comparison of different energy
management strategies, implementation issues of energy management strategies.
Introduction to various charging techniques and schematic of charging stations.

Reference Books:

James Larminie, J. Lowry, “Electric Vehicle Technology Explaned”, John Wiley & Sons
Ltd. 2003.
M. Ehsani, Y. Gao, S. E. Gay and A. Emadi, “Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell
Vehicles: Fundamentals, Theory, and Design”, CRC Press, 2004.
S. Onori, L. Serrao and G. Rizzoni, “Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Energy Management
Strategies”,Springer, 2015.
Iqbal Hussein, “Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Design Fundamentals”, CRC Press, 2003.

List of Open-Source Software/learning website:

• Online course: https://nptel.ac.in/course.html

• Ocw.mit.edu/courses
• https://www.eng.mcmaster.ca/mech/content/electric-and-hybrid-vehicles

Departmental Elective- II
ME (DE) 22003 Solar Energy and Engineering System

Teaching Scheme Examination Scheme

Lectures : 3hrs / week Internal Test 1: 20 marks
Internal Test 2: 20 marks
End Sem. Exam: 60 marks
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course students will be able to:
Describe the equipments used for the measurement of solar irradiation
Estimate the type of solar collector needed for the application

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 Evaluate and analyze the performance of solar thermal system utilizing the suitable
model
Apply the concepts of semiconductors on the solar photovoltaic

Unit 1 (5 hrs)

Solar radiation and measurement:

Solar constant, spectral distribution and variation of extra terrestrial radiation, definitions of
irradiations, solar angles, angles of tracking surfaces, ratio of beam radiation on tilted surface to
horizontal surface, shading, short wave and long wave radiation, pyrheliometer and pyranometer,
shading ring, solar radiation data, atmospheric attenuation of solar radiation.

Unit 2 (8 hrs)

Preliminary heat transferand radiation characteristics:

Basic radiative laws, radiation intensity and flux, relationships among Absorptance, emittance and
reflectance, sky radiations, natural convection between flat parallel plates, wind convection
coefficient, selective surfaces, mechanism of selectivity, specularly reflecting surfaces, absorption
by glazing, optical properties of cover systems, transmittance - Absorptance product

Unit 3 (6 hrs)

Non concentrating solar thermal collectors:

Description of flat plate collectors, energy balance of flat plate collector, temperature distribution
in flat plate collector, overall heat loss coefficient, effect of dust and shading, liquid heat plate
geometries, air heaters, collector characterization, practical considerations for flat plate collectors,

Unit 4 (7 hrs)

Concentrating solar thermal collectors:

Concentration ratio, thermal performance of concentrating collector, optical performance of
concentrating collectors, optical characteristics of non imaging concentrators, orientation and
absorbed energy for CPC collectors, performance of CPC collectors, Ray tracing methods for
evaluating concentrators, paraboloidal concentrators, central receiver collectors

Unit 5 (8 hrs)

Energy storage and Economics:

Process load and solar collector outputs, energy storage in solar process system, water storage,
stratification in storage tanks, phase change energy storage, chemical energy storage.
Cost of solar process system, design variables, economic figures of merit, discounting and
inflation, life cycle saving method

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Unit 6 (8 hrs)

Solar Photovoltaic:
Fundamental of semi-conductor physics, doping, interaction of light and semi-conductors,
functioning of solar cells, types of solar cells, efficiency measurements, recent developments in
solar cells, Characteristic curves of PV system technology, basics of load calculations, applications
of solar photovoltaic.

Text books:

Duffie, J.A. and Beckmann, W.A., Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, John Wiley &Sons
(2006).
Sukhatma, S and Nayak, J., Solar Energy Principle of Thermal Collection and Storage,
McGraw-Hill (2009).
Garg, H.P. and Prakash, J., Solar Energy: Fundamentals and Applications, Tata McGraw Hill
(2000).

Reference books:

Kalogirou, A.S., Solar Energy Engineering: Processes and Systems, Academic Press Inc.
(2014).
Goswami, D.Y., Kreith, F. and Kreider J., Principles of Solar Energy, Taylor & Francis (2003).
Chetan Singh Solanki, Solar photovoltaic fundamental technologies and applications, PHI
publications (2015)

Departmental Elective- II
ME (DE) 22004 Integrated Product Design

Teaching Scheme Examination Scheme

Lectures : 3hrs / week Internal Test 1: 20 marks
Internal Test 2: 20 marks
End Sem. Exam: 60 marks
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course students will be able to:
Identify the needs of the customer while designing a new product or while
modifying existing design of a product in the highly competitive, dynamic and
customer centered market.
Convert the needs of customers in technical specifications and constraints of a
product.
Design the products after realizing the importance of creativity.

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 Employ the learnings of various rapid prototyping methods and reverse
engineering methods for generating and testing the new product designs.
Apply principles of statistical considerations in design
Realize the importance of design for manufacture and assembly and apply the
principles to the design.
Utilize the principles of maintenance&reliability for the design.

UNIT 1: (12 Hrs)

Need Identification and problem definition, product specification, concept generation and
selection, evaluation, creativity methods, Concept testing

UNIT 2: (8 Hrs)
Design for manufacture and assembly, robust design , concurrent engineering,

UNIT 3: (6 Hrs)
Rapid prototyping and reverse engineering

UNIT 4: (6 Hrs)
Statistical considerations in design

UNIT 5: (4 Hrs)
Strength based reliability, parallel and series systems

UNIT 6: (3 Hrs)
Ergonomics & Human behaviour in Design

Text Books
Product Design Creativity, Concepts and Usability; Prashant Kumar, PHI
Learning Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, 2012
“Engineering Design”, George E Dieter, McGraw Hill Company, 2000.
Reverse Engineering an Industrial perspective, Editors: Vinesh Raja,
KiranJ.Fernandes, Springer , 2008
Rapid Prototyping: Laser-Based and Other Technologies Patri K. Venuvinod,
Weiyin Ma Springer, 30-Nov-2003
Design of Machine Elements, V. B. Bhandari , Tata McGraw Hill Publications.2003

Reference Books
Product Design and Development, Karl Ulrich, Steven Eppinger, 7th edition,
McGraw Hill, 2020

Departmental Elective- II
ME (DE) 22005 Failure Analysis and Prevention

14
Teaching Scheme Examination Scheme
Lectures : 3hrs / week Internal Test 1: 20 marks
Internal Test 2: 20 marks
End Sem. Exam: 60 marks
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course students will be able to:
Specify the diverse factors that cause mechanical failures.
Identify the different facture modes and their characteristics.
Identify failure mechanisms.
Apply the procedures to conduct a failure analysis investigation due to different loading
conditions.

Unit 1: (6hrs)
Introduction to Failure Analysis
Definition of failures, Classification of failures, Instantaneous failures, Cumulative failures,
Fundamental causes of failures-Deficiencies in design, Deficiencies in selection of materials,
Imperfection in materials, Deficiencies in processing techniques, Errors in assembly, Improper
service conditions. Objectives of Failure analysis, Step by step procedure for Metallurgical failure
analysis,

Unit 2: (6hrs)
Fracture
Details of Fractographic, Crack initiation and propagation in ductile and brittle material, Fracture
types, Brittle fractures, Ductile fractures, Fatigue fractures, Cleavage and intergranular
fractures, Griffith theory, Irwin’s modification, surface and embedded cracks, Surface
treatments to minimize the surface cracks, Crack growth mechanism for plane stress and plain
strain, Notch sensitivity, stress tri-axiality, Failure due to tension and torsion, Modulus of
rupture, stress intensity factor, Fatigue crack growth, striations, identifications and remedies.

Unit 3: (6hrs)
Wear Failures
Definition of wear, Types of wear-adhesive wear, Abrasive wear, Corrosive wear, Erosive wear,
fretting wear, Fatigue wear, Wear failure mechanisms and Preventive techniques. Failure of
fraction surfaces: failure of clutches, Failure of brakes, Failure of seals, Creep failures, Stages of
creep, Creep curve, Stress rupture,Failure modes and Preventive techniques of friction surface
and Seals.

Unit 4: (6hrs)
Environment Induced Failures
Corrosion damage, Forms of corrosion-Uniform attack, Two metal corrosion or galvanic
corrosion, Crevice corrosion, Pitting corrosion, Inter-granular corrosion, Selective leaching,
Erosion corrosion, Corrosion cracking- Stress Corrosion Cracking, Corrosion fatigue, Hydrogen
cracking, Hydrogen degradation, Liquid metal embrittlement, High temperature corrosion,
corrosion failure mechanisms and Preventive techniques.

Unit 5: (6hrs)
Tools for Failure Analysis

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Microscopic examination-Metallurgical Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope, Transmission
Electron Microscope, Physical testing-Tension test, Hardness test, Impact test, Fatigue test Non-
Destructive Testing techniques-Magnetic particle inspection, Radiography, Liquid penetrant
inspection, Eddy current testing, Ultrasonic testing, Acoustic Emission Testing, Thermography,
Chemical analysis- Spectroscopy, Atomic absorption spectroscopy, Atomic emission
spectroscopy.

Unit 6: (6hrs)
Problem Solving Techniques and Case Studies
Problem solving tools like Root cause analysis, cause and effect matrix, fishbone diagram,
PDCA: Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle, SCRA: Symptom, Cause, Remedy and Action system
for solving acute and/or temporary problems / Quality Story, CEDAC: Cause-and-effect Diagram
with Addition of Cards for chronic problems, etc., 8D (8 Disciplines), FMEA, etc.Failure
investigations of rotating components- crack shaft, bearing and gears, boiler tube, turbine rotor,
blades, aircraft fuselage, fasteners, Failures of cast, forged and welded components, etc.

Text Books
Charlie R. Brooks and Ashok Chaudhary, Failure Analysis of Engineering Materials,
McGraw Hill, New York.
A.K. Das, Metallurgy of Failure Analysis, McGraw Hill, New York.

Reference Books
ASM Handbook, Failure Analysis and Prevention, Edited by, ASM Publications, Vol. 11,
2002.
Colangelo Vito J. and Heiser F., Analysis of Metallurgical Failures, Second Edition, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1987.
Jones D. R. H., Failure Analysis and Case Studies, Elsevier Publications, 1998.
Donald J. Wulpi, Understanding How Components Fail, ASM international.
V. Ramachandran, Failure Analysis of Engineering Structures: Methodology and Case
Histories, ASM International, Technology & Engineering, 2005.
Richard W. Hertzberg, Richard P. Vinci, Jason L. Hertzberg, Deformation and Fracture
Mechanics of Engineering Materials, John Wiley & Sons, Fifth Edition.
SAE J1739, “Potential Failure Mode and Effects Analysis in Design (Design FMEA)”

Departmental Elective- II
ME (DE) 22006 Molecular Mechanics and Multiscale Modeling

Teaching Scheme Examination Scheme

Lectures : 3hrs / week Internal Test 1: 20 marks
Internal Test 2: 20 marks
End Sem. Exam: 60 marks
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course students will be able to:

16
 Deal with molecular dynamics simulations at the nano-scale level and perform
bottom-up approach in an efficient way.
Perform FEM simulations at macro-scale by using nano-scale mechanical properties.
Use the knowledge of fracture at nano-scale as well as macro-scale.
Deal with interdisciplinary field problems, e.g nano-scale MD simulations and
macro-scale FEM simulations
Use the knowledge to explore naturally available hierarchical materials, which
outperform artificial materials in terms of mechanical properties
Apply contents of the lecture to natural as well as artificial materials.

Unit 1(04 Hrs)

Introduction and motivation of multi-scale modelling:

Need of multi-scale modelling, current and potential applications, future scope of multiscale
modelling in research and development, challenges.

Unit 2 (08 hrs)

Theoretical background of molecular dynamics:

Basic molecular dynamics algorithm, potential energy, non-bonded interactions: van der Waals
interactions, electrostatic interactions, embedded-atom method , Bonded interactions :
covalent, Integration Algorithms : verlet Algorithm, velocity verlet Algorithm, predictor-
corrector.

Unit 3 (08 hrs)

Common statistical ensembles and temperature couplings:

Common statistical ensembles: microcanonical (NVE); canonical (NVT); Isothermal-Isobaric
(NPT), Ensemble: advantages, limitations and usages, Temperature couplings: velocity scaling;
Berendsen; Andersen; and Nosé-Hoover, Temperature couplin : advantages, limitations and
usages

Unit 4 (08 hrs)

Molecular dynamics simulations and mechanical properties at nanoscale

Initialization: crystal structure, initial atom velocities, Energy minimization: Steepest descent
(SD), conjugate gradient (CG), Newton-Raphson, Equilibration : different types of equilibration,
importance, influence on the output , Extration of mechanical properties : Virial stress, force,
response functions (for example, constant volume heat capacity), entropic properties, radial
distribution function , Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics : Calculate viscosity, thermal
conductivity

Unit 5 (06 hrs)

Theoretical background of continuum mechanics:

17
Concept of a continuum, kinematics : motion and deformation , Governing equations Simple
examples : tensile, compression, bending tests.

Unit6 (06 hrs)

Multiscalemodelling: bottom-up approach:

Scale bridging, Bottom-up approach, Applications, Analysis of multi-phasic materials, Examples
of advanced materials, understanding of extraordinary properties of hierarchical materials, e.g.,
spider silk, nacre.

Text Books:

Frenkel, D., and Smit, B. (2001). Understanding molecular simulation: from algorithms to
applications (Vol. 1). Elsevier.
Rapaport, D. C. (2004).The art of molecular dynamics simulation.Cambridge university
press.
Leach, A. R., and Leach, A. R. (2001). Molecular modelling : principles and applications.
Pearson education

References:
Allen, M. P. (2004). Introduction to molecular dynamics simulation. Computational soft
matter : from synthetic polymers to proteins, 23(1), 1-28.
Engquist, B., Lötstedt, P., Runborg, O. (Eds.). (2009). Multiscalemodeling and simulation in
science (Vol. 66). Springer Science Business Media.
Patil, S. P., Heider, Y., Padilla, C. A. H., Cruz-Chu, E. R., and Markert, B. (2016). A
comparative molecular dynamics-phase-field modeling approach to brittle fracture.
Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 312, 117-129.
Patil, S.P, Shendye, P, and Markert, B. (2020). Molecular dynamics simulations of silica
aerogel nanocomposites reinforced by glass fibers, graphene sheets and carbon nanotubes.
A comparison study on mechanical properties. Composites Part B Engineering, 107884.
Raj, M., Patil, S. P., and Markert, B. (2020). Mechanical Properties of Nacre-Like
Composites: A Bottom-Up Approach. Journal of Composites Science, 4(2), 35.
Herman J.Govednik, M. Patil, S.P. and Markert, B. (2020). Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Study of the Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystalline Body-Centered Cubic Iron. Surfaces,
3(3), 381–391.

Departmental Elective- II
ME (DE) 22007 Robotics and Automation

Teaching Scheme Examination Scheme

Lectures : 3hrs / week Internal Test 1: 20 marks
Internal Test 2: 20 marks
End Sem. Exam: 60 marks

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Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course students will be able to:
To understand basic terminologies and concepts associated with Robotics and
Automation
To study various Robotic sub-systems and Automation systems
To study kinematics and dynamics to understand exact working pattern of robots
To study the associated recent updates in Robotics and Automation

Unit 1 (5 hrs)

Introduction:
Basic concepts such as Definition , three laws, DOF, Misunderstood devices…..etc. , Elements of
Robotic Systems i.e. Robot anatomy, Classification, Associated parameters i.e. resolution,
accuracy, repeatability, dexterity, compliance, RCC device, ..etc,

Automation:
Concept, Need, Automation in Production System, Principles and Strategies of Automation, Basic
Elements of an Automated System, Advanced Automation Functions, Levels of Automations,
introduction to automation productivity.

Unit 2 [05 hrs]

Robot Grippers:
Types of Grippers , Design aspect for gripper, Force analysis for various basic gripper system.

Sensors for Robots:

Characteristics of sensing devices, Selections of sensors, Classification and applications of
sensors.Types of Sensors, Need for sensors and vision system in the working and control of a
robot.

Unit 3 [06 hrs]

Drives:
Types of Drives, Actuators and its selection while designing a robot system. Types of transmission
systems,
Control Systems:
Types of Controllers, Introduction to closed loop control
Control Technologies in Automation:

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