Arvind Academy

PHYSICS 2025 SP 5
Class 12 - Physics
Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.

3. All the sections are compulsory.

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4. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B

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contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D

contains two case study based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of

five marks each.

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5. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question in Section B, one
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question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section D and all three questions in Section E. You have to

attempt only one of the choices in such questions.

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6. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Section A
1. The resistivity of a semiconductor at room temperature is in between: [1]
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a) 10-3 to 106 Ω cm b) 1010 to 1012 Ω cm

c) 10-2 to 10-5 Ω cm d) 106 to 108 Ω cm

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2. A 5oC rise in temperature is observed in a conductor by passing a current. If the current is doubled, the rise in [1]
temperature of the conductor will be nearly

a) 25oC b) 40oC

c) 10o C d) 20oC

3. A ray of light travels a distance of 12.0 m in a transparent sheet in 60 ns. The refractive index of the sheet is [1]

a) 1.33 b) 1.75

c) 1.50 d) 1.65
4. The magnetic field lines near a substance are as shown in the figure. The substance is: [1]

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 a) Iron b) Aluminium

c) Copper d) Sodium
5. A 500 μF capacitor is charged at a steady rate of 100 μC per second. A potential difference of 10 V will be [1]
developed between the capacitor plates after

a) 5 s b) 10 s

c) 50 s d) 20 s
6. Biot-Savart law indicates that the moving electrons (velocity v) produce a magnetic field B such that [1]

a) B ⊥ v b) B ∥ v

c) it obeys inverse cube law d) it is along the line joining the electron and
point of observation
7. A conducting circular loop is placed in a uniform magnetic field B = 50mT with its plane perpendicular to the [1]
−1
magnetic field. The radius of the loop is made to shrink at a constant rate of 1 mm s . At the instant the radius

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of the loop is 4 cm , the induced emf in the loop is:

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a) 8πμ V b) 2πμ V

c) 4πμ V d) πμV

8. A small bar, when placed near a magnet is repelled by it. This is because the bar is made of: [1]

a) Copper
d b) Iron
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c) Aluminium d) Nickel
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9. Two periodic waves of intensities I1 and I2 pass through a region at the same time in the same direction. The [1]
sum of the maximum and minimum intensities is:
−
− −
−
a) (√I 1
− √I2 )
2
b) 2(I1 + I2)
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−
− −
−
c) I1 + I2 d) ( √I1 + √I2 )
2

10. The electric flux depends on: [1]

a) The intensity of the electric field b) Angle between the surface and the electric
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field

c) Area of the surface d) Each one of these

11. If in a p-n junction, a square input signal of 10 V is applied as shown, [1]

then the output across RL will be

a) b)

c) d)

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12. A converging lens is used to form an image on a screen. When the upper half of the lens is covered by an opaque [1]
screen, then

a) no image will be formed b) complete image will be formed

c) intensity of the image will increase d) half the image will disappear
13. Assertion (A): An electron microscope is based on de Broglie hypothesis. [1]
Reason (R): A beam of electrons behaves as a wave that can be converted by electric and magnetic lenses.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

14. Assertion (A): An applied electric field will polarize the polar dielectric material. [1]
Reason (R): In polar dielectrics, each molecule has a permanent dipole moment but these are randomly oriented
in the absence of an externally applied electric field.

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a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the

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explanation of A correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

15. Assertion (A): Coloured spectrum is seen when we look through a muslin cloth. [1]
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Reason (R): Coloured spectrum is due to diffraction of white light passing through fine slits made by fine
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threads in the muslin cloth.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
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explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

16. Assertion (A): The quantity L/R possesses the dimension of time. [1]
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Reason (R): In order to reduce the rate of increase of current through a solenoid, we should increase the time
constant.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
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explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
17. Two charges 2μC and −2μC are placed at points A and B, 6 cm apart. [2]
a. Identify an equipotential surface of the system.
b. What is the direction of electric field at every point on this surface?

18. A compass needle whose magnetic moment is 60 Am2 pointing geographical north at a certain place where the [2]

horizontal component of earth's magnetic field is 40 μ Wb/m2 experiences a torque of 1.2 × 10-3 Nm. What is
the declination of the place?
19. Write two points of difference between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. [2]
20. Suppose you are given a chance to repeat the alpha particle scattering experiment using a thin sheet of solid [2]
hydrogen in place of the gold foil. (Hydrogen is a solid at temperatures below 14 K). What results do you
expect?

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21. Two infinitely long parallel conductors A and B, separated by 2 cm, carry 6 A and 2 A currents in opposite [2]
directions respectively. Find:
a. the net magnetic field at a point midway between A and B.
b. the force acting per unit length on B.
OR
In the circuit (Fig.) the current is to be measured. What is the value of the current if the ammeter shown

a. is a galvanometer with a resistance RG = 60.00 Ω ;

b. is a galvanometer described in (a) but converted to an ammeter by a shunt resistance rs = 0.02 Ω ;

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c. is an ideal ammeter with zero resistance?

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Section C
22. Calculate the value of the resistance R in the circuit shown in the figure so that the current in the circuit is 0.2 A. [3]
What would be the potential difference between points B and E?
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[3]
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23. i. Draw Energy bands, diagrams for

a. pure semiconductor,
b. insulator.
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ii. How does the energy band, for pure semiconductor get affected when this semiconductor is doped with
a. acceptor impurity
b. donor impurity?
iii. Hence discuss why the holes, and the electrons respectively, become the 'majority charge carriers in these
two cases?

24. a. How does one explain the emission of electrons from a photosensitive surface with the help of Einstein’s [3]
photoelectric equation?
b. Work function of aluminium is 4.2 eV. If two photons each of energy 2.5 eV are incident on its surface, will
the emission of electrons take place? Justify your answer.
c. The stopping potential in an experiment on photoelectric effect is 1.5 V. What is the maximum kinetic energy
of the photoelectrons emitted? Calculate in Joules.
25. How the size of a nucleus is experimentally determined? Write the relation between the radius and mass number [3]
of the nucleus. Show that the density of the nucleus is independent of its mass number.
26. What do you mean by wave nature of an electron? How was quantisation of angular momentum of the orbiting [3]

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 electron in Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom explained by de Broglie hypothesis?
27. i. Explain two features to distinguish between the interference pattern in Young's double slit experiment with [3]
the diffraction pattern obtained due to a single slit.
ii. A monochromatic light of wavelength 500 nm is incident normally on a single slit of width 0.2 mm to
produce a diffraction pattern. Find the angular width of the central maximum obtained on the screen.
Estimate the number of fringes obtained in Young's double slit experiment with fringe width 0.5 mm, which
can be accommodated within the region of total angular spread of the central maximum due to the single slit.
28. A rectangular coil P is moved from a point A to another point B with uniform velocity 'v' through a region of a [3]
uniform magnetic field acting normally inwards as shown in the figure. Show graphically (i) the variation of
magnetic flux associated with the coil with time, (ii) the variation of induced emf across points X and Y of the
coil with time.

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Explain the nature of variation in magnetic flux as represented by the graph in the first case.
OR
Find the current in the sliding rod AB (resistance = R) for the arrangement shown in Figure. B is constant and is out
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of the paper. Parallel wires have no resistance. v is constant. Switch S is closed at time t = 0.
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Section D
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29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
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Radio waves are produced by the accelerated motion of charges in conducting wires. Microwaves are produced
by special vacuum tubes. Infrared waves are produced by hot bodies and molecules also known as heat waves.
UV rays are produced by special lamps and very hot bodies like Sun.
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(a) Solar radiation is

i. transverse electromagnetic wave
ii. longitudinal electromagnetic waves
iii. both longitudinal and transverse electromagnetic waves
iv. none of these.

a) Option (i) b) Option (iv)

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 c) Option (iii) d) Option (ii)
(b) What is the cause of greenhouse effect?

a) Ultraviolet rays b) X-rays

c) Infrared rays d) Radiowaves

(c) Biological importance of ozone layer is

a) it stops ultraviolet rays b) none of these.

c) it reflects radiowaves d) It layer reduces greenhouse effect

OR
Earth's atmosphere is richest in

a) ultraviolet b) infrared

c) X-rays d) microwaves
(d) Ozone is found in

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a) troposphere b) mesosphere

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c) ionosphere d) stratosphere
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
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Net electric flux through a cube is the sum of fluxes through its six faces. Consider a cube as shown in figure,
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having sides of length L = 10.0 cm. The electric field is uniform, has a magnitude E = 4.00 × 103NC-1 and is
parallel to the xy plane at an angle of 37o measured from the +x -axis towards the +y -axis.
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(a) Electric flux passing through surface S6 is

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a) -24 Nm2 C-1 b) 32 Nm2 C-1

c) -32 Nm2 C-1 d) 24 Nm2 C-1

(b) Electric flux passing through surface S1 is

a) -32 Nm2 C-1 b) -24 Nm2 C-1

c) 32 Nm2 C-1 d) 24 Nm2 C-1

(c) The surfaces that have zero flux are

a) S2 and S4 b) S3 and S6

c) S1 and S2 d) S1 and S3

(d) The total net electric flux through all faces of the cube is

a) 24 Nm2 C-1 b) 8 Nm2 C-1

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 c) -8 Nm2 C-1 d) zero

OR
The dimensional formula of surface integral ∮ E⃗ ⋅ dS ⃗ of an electric field is

a) [M-1 L3 T-3 A] b) [M L2 T-2 A-1]

c) [M L3 T-3 A-1] d) [M L-3 T-3 A-1]

Section E
31. Use the mirror equation to deduce that: [5]
a. an object placed between f and 2f of a concave mirror produces a real image beyond 2f.
b. a convex mirror always produces a virtual image independent of the location of the object.
c. the virtual image produced by a convex mirror is always diminished in size and is located between the focus
and the pole.
d. an object placed between the pole and focus of a concave mirror produces a virtual and enlarged image.

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[Note: This exercise helps you deduce algebraically properties of images that one obtains from explicit ray
diagrams.]

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OR
i. State Huygens principle. A plane wave is incident at an angle i on a reflecting surface. Construct the
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corresponding reflected wavefront. Using this diagram, prove that the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of
incidence.
ii. What are the coherent sources of light? Can two independent sodium lamps act like coherent sources? Explain.
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iii. A beam of light consisting of a known wavelength 520 nm and an unknown wavelength λ , used in Young's
double slit experiment produces two interference patterns such that the fourth bright fringe of unknown
wavelength coincides with the fifth bright fringe of known wavelength. Find the value of λ .
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32. A parallel plate capacitor is charged by a battery. After some time the battery is disconnected and a dielectric [5]
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slab with its thickness equal to the plate separation is inserted between the plates. What change, in any will take
place in
i. charge on the plates
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ii. electric field intensity between the plates

iii. the capacitance of the capacitor,
iv. a potential difference between the plates and
v. the energy stored in the capacitor? Justify your answer in each case.
OR
Four charges are arranged at the corners of a square ABCD of side d, as shown in fig.

a. Find the work required to put together this arrangement.

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 b. A charge q0 is brought to the center E of the square, the four charges being held fixed at its corners. How much
extra work is needed to do this?

33. i. Draw an arrangement for winding of primary and secondary coils in a transformer with two coils on a [5]
separate limb of the core. State the underlying principle of a transformer. Deduce the expression for the ratio
of secondary voltage to the primary voltage in terms of the ratio of the number of turns of primary and
secondary winding. For an ideal transformer, obtain the ratio of primary and secondary currents in terms of
the ratio of the voltages in the secondary and primary voltages.
ii. Write any two reasons for the energy losses which occur in actual transformers.
iii. A step-up transformer converts a low input voltage into a high output voltage. Does it violate law of
conservation of energy? Explain.
OR
A resistor of 400 Ω , an inductor of 5

π
H and a capacitor of 50

π
μF are connected in series across a source of alternating
voltage of 140 sin 100πt V . Find the voltage (rms) across the resistor, the inductor and the capacitor. Is the algebraic

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sum of these voltages more than the source voltage? If yes, resolve the paradox.
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(Given, √2 =

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1.414).

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