A Minor Project Report

On

WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Submitted in partial fulfilment of requirements for the award of the

Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

in

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Under the guidance of

Mrs. K V Priyadharshini AP/IT

Submitted By

APARNA P (20BIT4005)

BHARATHI PRIYA P (20BIT4009)

 KALPANA P (20BIT4046)

MATHUMITHA P (20BIT4055)

DEPARTMENTOF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(Autonomous)

KARUR – 639 113

May, 2023

M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

VISION

To emerge as a leader among the top institutions in the field of technical

education.

MISSION

Produce smart technocrats with empirical knowledge who can

surmount the global challenges.

Create a diverse, fully-engaged, learner-centric campus environment to

provide quality education to the students.

Maintain mutually beneficial partnerships with our alumni, industry and

professional associations.

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

VISION

To create groomed, technically competent and skilled intellectual IT

professionals to meet the current challenges of the modern computing

industry.

MISSION

To ensure the understanding of fundamental aspects of Information

Technology

Prepare students to adapt to the challenges of changing market needs by

providing an environment.

Build necessary skills required for employability through career

development training to meet the challenges posed by the competitive

world.
 PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)

PEO1: Graduates will be able to solve real world problems using learned

concepts pertaining to Information Technology domain.

PEO2: Encompass the ability to examine, plan and build innovative software

products and become a successful entrepreneur.

PEO3: Graduates will be able to carry out the profession with ethics, integrity,

leadership and social responsibility.

PEO4: Graduates will be able to pursue post-graduation and succeed in

academic and research careers.

PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs)

PO1: Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science,

engineering fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of

complex engineering problems.

PO2: Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and

analyse complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using

first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.

PO3: Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex

engineering problems and design system components or processes that meet the

specified needs with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety,

and the cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.

PO4: Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based

knowledge and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and

interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid

conclusions.

PO5: Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques,

resources, and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and

modelling to complex engineering activities with an understanding of the

limitations.

PO6: The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual

knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the

consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.

PO7: Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the

professional engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and

demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.

PO8: Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and

responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.

PO9: Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as

a member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.

PO10: Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering

activities with the engineering community and with society at large, such as,

being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation,

make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.

PO11: Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the engineering and management principles and apply these to

one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in

multidisciplinary environments.

PO12: Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation

and ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest

context of technological change

Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)

PSO1: Professional Skills: Comprehend the technological advancements and

practice professional ethics and the concerns for societal and environmental

well-being.
PSO2: Competency Skills: Design software in a futuristic approach to support

current technology and adapt cutting-edge technologies.

PSO3: Successful career: Apply knowledge of theoretical computer science to

assess the hardware and software aspects of computer systems.

M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(Autonomous)

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM” is the bonafide work of “APARNA P

(20BIT4005),BHARATHIPRIYAP(20BIT4009),KALPANA P(20BIT4046),

MATHUMITHA P (20BIT4055)” who carried out the minor project work

under my supervision in the academic year

2022-2023.

Signature Signature

Mrs K V Priyadharshini AP/IT Dr R PUNITHAVATHI M.E

Ph.D

COORDINATORS HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Department of Information Technology, Department of Information Technology,

M. Kumarasamy college of engineering, M. Kumarasamy college of engineering,

Thalavapalayam-Karur,639113. Thalavapalayam-Karur,639113.

ABSTRACT

Pollution of water is one of the main threats in recent times as drinking water is

getting contaminated and polluted. The polluted water can cause various
diseases to humans and animals, which in turn affects the life cycle of the

ecosystem. If water pollution is detected in an early stage, suitable measures can

be taken and critical situations can be avoided. To make certain the supply of

pure water, the quality of the water should be examined in real-time. Smart

solutions for monitoring of water pollution are getting more and more

significant these days with innovation in sensors, communication, and Internet

of Things (IoT) technology. In this paper, a detailed review of the latest works

that were implemented in the arena of smart water pollution monitoring systems

is presented. The paper proposes a cost effective and efficient IoT based smart

water quality monitoring system which monitors the quality parameters

uninterruptedly. The developed model is tested with three water samples and the

parameters are transmitted to the cloud server for further action.

Nowadays Internet of Things (IoT) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques are

used in different area of research for monitoring, collecting and analysis data
from remote locations. Due to the vast increase in global industrial output, rural

to urban drift and the over-utilization of land and sea resources, the quality of

water available to people has deteriorated greatly. The high use of fertilizers in

farms and also other chemicals in sectors such as mining and construction have

contributed immensely to the overall reduction of water quality globally. Water

is an essential need for human survival and therefore there must be mechanisms

put in place to vigorously test the quality of water that made available for

drinking in town and city articulated supplies and as well as the rivers, creeks

and shoreline that surround our towns and cities. The availability of good

quality water is paramount in preventing outbreaks of water-borne diseases as

well as improving the quality of life. Fiji Islands are located in the vast Pacific

Ocean which requires a frequent data collecting network for the water quality

monitoring and IoT and RS can improve the existing measurement. This paper

presents a smart water quality monitoring system for Fiji, using IoT and

remote_sensing_technology.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Title Page

No. No.

ABSTRACT 2

LIST OF TABLES 3

LIST OF FIGURES 6

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 8

1 INTRODUCTION 12

1.1 General 12

1.2 Objectives Of Research 12

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 14

3 SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 16

 3.1 Hardware Specification

3.2 Software Specification

4 EXISTING SYSTEM 18

5 PROBLEM DESCRIPTION 22

6 PROPOSED SYSTEM 25

6.1 Proposed Methodology

6.2 Working

6.3 Block Diagram

6.4 Circuit Diagram

7 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

7.1 Output Shots

8 CONCLUSION

8.1 Future Enhancement

9 REFERENCE
List of Figures

Figure No Figure Name Page No

6.3 18
Block Diagram

6.4 19
Circuit Diagram

7.1 19
Output Shots

List of Tables

Table No Table Name Page No

22

22

List of Symbols and Abbreviations

Acronym Abbreviations
IOT Internet of things
PO’S Program Educational Objectives
PSO Program Specific Outcomes

CHAPTER - 1
 INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER-1

1.Introduction

Water pollution ensues when lethal materials move into

water sources like ponds, rivers, lakes, seas and oceans, gets

dissolved and suspends in water or gets deposited on the

bed. Pollution will degrade the quality and purity of water.

Ensuring pure and safer water is really challenging due to

undue sources of chemicals and contaminants. Pollution of

water can be instigated by numerous ways; one of the main

reasons for pollution is industrial waste discharge and city

sewage. Secondary sources of pollution are pollutants that

enter the water from soils or from atmosphere via rain or

from groundwater systems. Usually, soils and groundwater

comprises of residues of modern practices in agriculture and

also indecorously disposed wastes from industries. The major

pollutants of water include viruses, bacteria, fertilizers,

parasites, pharmaceutical products, pesticides, nitrates, fecal

waste, phosphates radioactive substances and plastics.

These materials will not alter the color of the water always,

but they might be indiscernible contaminants.

1.1 General (About Domain)

The Internet of Things (IoT) describes the network of physical objects things

that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the

purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over

the internet.

1.2 Objective of Research

The objective of water quality monitoring is to obtain quantitative information

on the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water via statistical

sampling (Sanders et al. 1987). The type of information sought depends on the

objectives of the monitoring programme.

 CHAPTER-2
LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER-2

2. Literature Review

Nikhil Kedia entitled “Water Quality Monitoring for Rural Areas-A Sensor

Cloud Based Economical Project.”

Published in 2015 1st International Conference on Next Generation Computing

Technologies (NGCT-2015) Dehradun, India. This paper highlights the entire

water quality monitoring methods, sensors, embedded design, and information

dissipation procedure, role of government, network operator and villagers in

ensuring proper information dissipation. It also explores the Sensor Cloud

domain. While automatically improving the water quality is not feasible at this
point, efficient use of technology and economic practices can help improve

water quality and awareness among people.

Jayti Bhatt, Jignesh Patoliya, Iot Based Water Quality Monitoring System,

IRFIC, 21feb,2016.

Jayti Bhatt, Jignesh Patoliya entitled “Real Time Water Quality Monitoring

System”. This paper describes to ensure the safe supply of drinking water the

quality should be monitored in real time for that purpose new approach IOT

(Internet of Things) based water quality monitoring has been proposed. In this

paper, we present the design of IOT based water quality monitoring system that

monitor the quality of water in real time. This system consists some sensors

which measure the water quality parameter such as pH, turbidity, conductivity,

dissolved oxygen, temperature. The measured values from the sensors are

processed by microcontroller and this processed values are transmitted remotely

to the core controller that is raspberry pi using Zigbee protocol. Finally, sensors

data can view on internet browser application using cloud computing.

 CHAPTER-3
SYSTEM DESIGN AND
IMPLEMENTATION
CHAPTER-3

3.1 Hardware Specification

S.NO Components No of Components

Required

1 Turbidity 1

2 Cable Wires 4
3 4

4 4

5 4

6 12

7 -
 8 -

3.2 Software Specification

Arduino IDE:

The Arduino Integrated Development Environment - or Arduino Software

(IDE) - contains a text editor for writing code, a message area, a text console, a

toolbar with buttons for common functions and a series of menus. It connects

to the Arduino hardware to upload programs and communicate with them.

 CHAPTER-4
EXISTING SYSTEM
CHAPTER-4

4.Existing System

• Several sensors are commercially available for water

quality monitoring.

• Some of the works published in literature include

fabricated sensors for improved usability.

• This sensor module output can be directly connected to

the microcontroller without additional signal processing

electronics.

• A hierarchical routing algorithm to reduce the

communication overhead and increase the life time of

WSN suitable for river/lake water monitoring has been

presented.

• An integrated management model covering the entire

water cycle from sources to tap for securing the

stability, safety and efficiency of water .

• The fabricated sensor includes a solar cell, Li-ion

battery, a power module and transmission module.

• A in-house fabricated TiO2 based thick film pH

resistive sensor is used.

 CHAPTER-5
PROBLEM DESCRIPTION

CHAPTER-5

5.problem Description
 Existing water treatment systems cannot detect thedissolved contaminants

such as chemicals.

Using traditionalapproaches of monitoring water quality in the

watermanagement system are not safe.

Chlorinating is used to protect micro-organisms.

• However, drinking toomuch chlorinated water leads to Cancer and other

diseases.

• Thus, chlorine is considered as another contaminant as well as pathogen

and viruses.

• Moreover, there is no single instrument that can detect all the possible

water parameterssuch as pH, temperature and conductivity.

• Thus, our model will help curb water borne diseases by developing a

realtime online water quality monitoring system.

• With this model we can detect all the possible water quality parameters

and availability of water in water tank.

 CHAPTER-6
PROPOSED SYSTEM
CHAPTER-6

6.1 Proposed Methodology

• In the article, an IoT-based water quality monitoring system was

proposed using wireless sensor networks equipped with water quality

sensors, namely, turbidity, conductivity, temperature, pH, and oxidation-

reduction potential sensors .

• Fuzzy logic was implemented in the system to predict at the local level

the water contamination risk in the water distribution pipelines

• Moreover, the scarcity of the drinking water will result in the increase of

water tariffs cost .

 • Contaminated drinking water is the main medium of transmitting serious

diseases (e.g., diarrhea, typhoid, polio, cholera, and dysentery), which

may cause serious health issues.

• Also, the quality of aquaculture farms' production is affected large scale

by the different water pollutions such as leakages in the sea and coastal

discharges, and therefore, consumers' health is jeopardized .

• Some sensor nodes utilize radio frequency identification (RFID), which

makes it challenging to main and cannot be used in applications with

restricted access.

For the water distribution network, the wireless sensor networks have a limited

number of sampled locations at a certain time and the equipment operating is

costly.

6.2 Working

• DS18B20 is a single wire temperature sensor, as this can be interfaced

with microcontroller or Arduino using single data wire.

 • This is available in a waterproof and Non-waterproof format.

• The unit that we use to measure the acidity of a substance is called pH.

• The term “H” is defined as the negative log of the hydrogen ion

concentration.

• The range of pH can have values from 0 to 14. A pH value of 7 is neutral,

as pure water has a pH value of exactly 7.

6.3 Block Diagram

6.4 Circuit Diagram
CHAPTER-7
 RESULT AND
DISCUSSION

CHAPTER-7

7.1 Output Shots

CHAPTER-8
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER-8

8. Conclusion

• Monitoring of Turbidity, PH & Temperature of Water makes use of

water detection sensor with unique advantage and existing GSM network.

• The system can monitor water quality automatically, and it is low in cost

and does not require people on duty.

Good quality water means that it is not only safe for public consumption but

also good for our health, as well as that of animals and plants, as it provides

irreplaceable nutrients and benefits needed to survive.

8.1 Future Enhancement

• The future scope of this project is monitoring environmental

conditions, drinking water quality, treatment and disinfection of waste

water etc. This system could be implemented in various industrial

processes..

CHAPTER-9
REFERENCE
CHAPTER-9

9.Reference

• Nikhil Kedia, Water Quality Monitoring for Rural Areas- A Sensor Cloud

Based Economical Project, in 1st International Conference on Next

Generation Computing Technologies (NGCT-2015) Dehradun, India, 4-5

September 2015. 978-1-4673-6809-4/15/$31.00 ©2015

 IEEEhttps://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/muhammad-aqib/density-based-

traffic-light-controller-using-arduino-8636ad

• Jayti Bhatt, Jignesh Patoliya, Iot Based Water Quality Monitoring

System,IRFIC, 21feb,2016

• https://www.slideshare.net/Binayakreddy/iot-based-water-quality-

monitoring-system

• Michal lom, ondrej priby & miroslav svitek, Internet 4.0 as a part of

smart cities, 978-1-5090-1116-2/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE

• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
287647835_Smart_Water_Quality_Monitoring_System

•
 CODING
#include <OneWire.h>

#include <DallasTemperature.h>

#include <ArduinoJson.h>

OneWire oneWire(2);
DallasTemperature temp_sensor(&oneWire);

float calibration_value = 21.34;

StaticJsonBuffer<1000> jsonBuffer;

JsonObject& root = jsonBuffer.createObject();

for(int i=0;i<10;i++)

buffer_arr[i]=analogRead(A0);

delay(30);

for(int i=0;i<9;i++)

for(int j=i+1;j<10;j++)

if(buffer_arr[i]>buffer_arr[j])

temp=buffer_arr[i];

buffer_arr[i]=buffer_arr[j];
buffer_arr[j]=temp;

for(int i=2;i<8;i++)

avgval+=buffer_arr[i];

float volt=(float)avgval*5.0/1024/6;

float ph_act = -5.70 * volt + calibration_value;

temp_sensor.requestTemperatures();

int moisture_analog=analogRead(A1);

int moist_act=map(moisture_analog,0,1023,100,0);

root["a1"] = ph_act;

root["a2"] = temp_sensor.getTempCByIndex(0);

root["a3"] = moist_act;

root.printTo(Serial);

Serial.println("");