Ways of Extracting Meanings BS 5th

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Ways of Extracting Meanings

To understand and extract meanings, we can explore these concepts:

1. Sense

 Sense refers to the inherent meaning or mental concept of a word or phrase. It involves
the relationships between words in a language and how they are understood in context.
 Example: The sense of "morning star" and "evening star" is different, even though they
both refer to the planet Venus.

2. Reference

 Reference is about the actual object or concept a word points to in the real world. It is the
connection between language and the world.
 Example: "The Eiffel Tower" refers to the specific monument in Paris.

3. Denotation

 Denotation is the literal or primary meaning of a word, without the emotions or ideas it
may evoke. It’s the objective definition found in dictionaries.
 Example: The denotation of "home" is "a place where one lives."

4. Connotation

 Connotation includes the emotional or cultural associations attached to a word, beyond


its literal meaning. Connotation often varies by context or culture.
 Example: The word "home" connotes warmth, safety, and comfort.

5. Extension

 Extension refers to the set of all entities in the world that a word or phrase applies to. It
includes everything that fits the description of the term.
 Example: The extension of "dog" includes all dogs that exist or have existed.

6. Intension

 Intension refers to the internal content of a term or the essential qualities that define it.
Intension captures what makes something belong to a particular category.
 Example: The intension of "dog" includes characteristics like being a four-legged,
domesticated, mammalian animal that belongs to the Canis genus.

Understanding these distinctions can enhance comprehension, as each plays a role in how
language conveys meaning in different contexts.

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