NUMBER SYSTEM

Divisibility Theorem:
Divisibility rules:
1. Divisibility by 1: All the integers are divisible by 1.

2. Divisibility by 2: A number is said to be divisible by 2 when the last digit of the given number
is even i.e. 0, 2, 4, 6, 8.

3. Divisibility by 3: A number is divisible by 3 when the sum of all the digits of the given number
is either 3 or a multiple of 3.

4. Divisibility by 4: A number is divisible by 4 when the last two digits of the given number is
divisible by 4 or any multiple of 4.

5. Divisibility by 5: : A number is divisible by 5 when the last digit of the given number is either
0 or 5.
6. Divisibility by 6: : A number is divisible by 6 when the given number is both 2 & 3 as 6 = 2 x 3.

7. Divisibility by 7:
There are various methods to find divisibility by 7 for any given number. These are as
following:
a. Step 1: First form pairs of three-three digits from the right end of the given number.
Step 2: Now add all the alternating pairs at odd places and even places
simultaneously and find the difference between them . If the number obtained is
exactly divided by 7 then the given number is said to be divisible by 7.

8. Divisibility by 8: A number is divisible by 8 when the last three digits of the given number is
divisible by 8 or any multiple of 8.

9. Divisibility by 9: A number is divisible by 9 when the sum of all the digits of the given number
is divisible by 9 or a multiple of 9.
10. Divisibility by 10: Since 10 can be broken down into 2 multiplied by 5. So, any number that is
divisible by 2 and 5 simultaneously will also be divisible by 10. Or if the last digit is 0 then the
given number will be exactly divisible by 10.

11. Divisibility by 11: The divisibility rule of 11 is as following:

Step 1: Find the sum of the digits at odd places and even places.
Step 2: Find the difference between the sums. Check whether the result is 0 or 11 or a
multiple of 11. If yes then the given number will be exactly divisible by 11.

12. Divisibility by 12: We can see that 12 is obtained by 3 multiplied by 4. So, for a number to be
divisible by 12, it has to be exactly divisible by 3 and 4 simultaneously.

13. Divisibility by 13: The divisibility of a number by 13 is determined as following:

Step 1: First form pairs of three-three digits from the right end of the given number.
Step 2: Now add all the alternating pairs at odd places and even places simultaneously and
find the difference between them.

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Page No.1
 Step 3: Now multiply the last digit of the obtained difference with 4 and add it to rest of the
number.
Step 4: If the result is 0 or 13 or a multiple of 13, then the given number will be divisible by 13
otherwise not.

Divisibility rule of powers of 2:

When the divisor is in the form of 2n, then check the last n digits of the given number if they
are completely divisible by 2n or not. If yes then the given number will be exactly divisible by
2n .
Example:
A number will be divisible by 21 = 2 when the last 1 digit of the given number is completely
divisible by 21.
A number will be divisible by 22 = 4 when the last 2 digits of the given number is completely
divisible by 4.
A number will be divisible by 23 = 8 when the last 3 digits of the given number is completely
divisible by 8.
A number will be divisible by 24 = 16 when the last 4 digits of the given number is completely
divisible by 16.
A number will be divisible by 25 = 32 when the last 5 digits of the given number is completely
divisible by 32.

Other Divisibility Rules:

1. If a number in the form of XXXXXX (6 times repitition), then the number will be
completely divisible by 3, 7, 11, 13, 21, 37, 101.

2. If a number in the form of abcabc, then the number will be completely divisible by 7, 11,
13, 1001.

NUMBER OF FACTORS OF A NUMBER

If N is a composite number such that N = apbqcr …… where a, b, c are prime factors of N and
p, q, r …… are positive integers, then the number of factors of N is given by the expression.
= (p + 1) (q + 1) (r + 1) …...
Please note that the figure arrived at by using the above formula includes 1 and the given
number N also as factors . So, if you want to find the number of factors the given number
has excluding 1 and the number itself, we find out (p + 1) (q + 1) (r + 1) and then subtract 2
from that figure.
In the above example, the number 140 has 10 factors excluding 1 and 140 itself.

Product of all the factors of a number:

From the above given example of number 48. The total number of factors will be 10 i.e. 1, 2
, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48. If we try to find the product of all the factors of 48 then we have
to multiply all the factors. But we can see that

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Page No.2
Multiplication of 1 and 48 = 48;
Multiplication of 2 and 24 = 48;
Multiplication of 3 and 16 = 48;
Multiplication of 4 and 12 = 48;
Multiplication of 6 and 8 = 48
Thus, Multiplication of a factor from the beginning and a corresponding factor from the end,
results into the number itself. Here, in the example 48 has total 10 factors and in the product,
we have to multiply 48 to itself total 5 times (10 ÷ 2 = 5 times).
So, in general case
𝑵𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔
Product of all the factors of a number = 𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓( 𝟐
)

10
So, Product of all the factors of 48 = 48( 2 ) = 485

Number of odd factors of a number: The total number of odd factors of any given number
can be found by calculating all the possible combinations of powers of odd prime numbers as
base such as 3, 5, 7…… etc.
Number of even factors of a number: The total number of even factors of any given number
can be found by calculating all the factors and subtracting the number of odd factors from it.
By another method, Number of even factors can be found by keeping the power of 2 anfd
ignoring 20 for our calculations and finding the total number of factors as usual.
Number of factors of a number that are perfect squares:
A perfect square or simply square is obtained when a number is multiplied to itself. Thus, to
find the total number of factors that are perfect square, we have to look for the power 0, 2,
4, 6,….. occurring in the factorization.
SUM OF ALL THE FACTORS OF A NUMBER:
If a number N = apbqcr …… where a, b, c…... are prime numbers and p, q, r…... are positive
integers, then,
The sum of all the factors of N (including 1 and the number itself) is:
𝑎𝑝+1 − 1 𝑏𝑞+1 − 1 𝑐 𝑟+1 − 1
( 𝑎−1
)( 𝑏−1
)( 𝑐−1
) … … … … ..

The above can be verified by an example.

Consider the number 48, when resolved into prime factors, 48 = 2 4 × 31. Here a = 2, b = 3, p =
4, q = 1.

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Page No.3
Hence, sum of all the factors:
24+1 − 1 31+1 − 1 31 8
=( )( )= × = 124
2−1 3−1 1 2

The list of factors of 48 are: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48.

If these factors are added, the sum is 124 and tallies with the above result.

SUM OF EVEN FACTORS OF A NUMBER:

To find the sum of even factors of a number, we will omit the factor 2 0.
SUM OF ODD FACTORS OF A NUMBER:
To find the sum of odd factors of a number, we will omit all the powers of 2 altogether. Taking
into consideration all other factors with their powers.
SUM OF PERFECT SQUARE FACTORS OF A NUMBER: When we find the sum of factors that
are perfect squares, we only consider the powers that make perfect squares i.e. 0, 2, 4…… and
follow the usual method.

Unit Digit and Last two digits

Unit Digit : Unit digit represents the last digit of any given number or it is obtained by getting the
remainder when the given mathematical expression is divided by 10.

Unit Digit of Powers of number:

Unit digit can also be found when the given expression is in terms of power to a number.

Base No.→
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Power ↓
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2 1 4 9 6 5 6 9 4 1
3 1 8 7 4 5 6 3 2 9
4 1 6 1 6 5 6 1 6 1

Note:
From the above table it can be inferred:
1. Any number raised to a power repeats itself after a power of 4. Thus every number has a
cyclicity of 4 or less different digits as their unit digit. 21 = 2, 22 = 4, 23 = 8 & 24 = 16 and after
that it starts repeating.
So, the cyclicity of 2 has 4 different numbers 2, 4, 8, 6.
Same is true for 3,7 and 8 as given in the table
2. 1n = 1 for any value of n. Same is true for 5 and 6.
3. 4 and 9 has a cyclicity of 2. i.e. 41 = 4, 42 = 6, 43 = 4 and so on.
Every number could be generally taken as having a cyclicity of 4 as far as unit digits are
concerned for simplicity.

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Page No.4
Unit Digit for multiplication of numbers:
𝑁 = 33 × 19 × 71 × 94 × 58 × 23, For the following expression the unit digit will be obtained by
dividing it by 10 and finding the remainder:
33 × 19 × 71 × 94 × 58 × 23 (+3) × (−1) × (+1) × (+4) × (−2) × (+3)
→
10 10
(−3) × (+4) × (−6) 72
→ → + → 𝑅 = +2
10 10
Thus, 2 will be the unit digit of given expression.

Alternatively, Unit digit can also be found by multiplying the last digits of the given expression

𝑁 = 33 × 19 × 71 × 94 × 58 × 23.

Here, 3 × 9 × 1 × 4 × 8 × 3 = 27 × 4 × 24 = 28 × 24 = 8 × 4 = 32 → Unit Digit = 2

Unit Digit of a factorial of a number:

We know that the value of

1! = 1

2! = 2

3! = 6

4! = 24

5! = 120

6! = 720

Since unit digit of 5! = 0, thus factorial of any number >= 5 will also have it’s unit digit as zero as 5!
is always multiplied in any higher number factorial

Unit Digit of powers of a power:

𝟐𝟓
Example: Find the unit digit o𝐟 𝟐𝟑𝟐𝟒

Since 23 is the base number so we can treat 3 as the base

Since 3 has a cyclicity of 4, so we have to divide the power by 4 and check its nature.

Now Power is 2425

Since 24 is completely divisible by 4, then 2425 will also by divisible by 4.

Thus the power is of the form 4k and we know 34k = 34 = 1 (unit digit)…Ans

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Page No.5
Also, when powers are given in factorial, then the unit digit of the expression is calculated as
following:

Example: Find the unit digit of (𝟑𝟔𝟒𝟖)𝟐𝟖𝟑! ,

It can be clearly seen that power 283! is in the form of 4k (As 4 is one of the multiplicative quantity
in any number’s factorial that is greater than 4). Thus, 283! Will be equivalent to the power of 4.

Unit digit = 84 = 4096 = 6 …Ans

Last Two Digits:

The last two digits represent the last two digits at the end of any given number or it is obtained by
getting the remainder when the given mathematical expression is divided by 100.

Ex.: N = 9382496, Here N is a 7-digit number where 96 at the end represents the last two digits.

Similarly, 𝑁 = 28 × 19 × 71 × 96 × 58 × 23, For the following expression the last two digits will be
obtained by dividing it by 100 and finding the remainder:
28 × 19 × 71 × 96 × 58 × 23 28 × 19 × 71 × 24 × 58 × 23
can be written as
100 25
(+3) × (−6) × (−4) × (−1) × (+8) × (−2) (72) × (16) (−3) × (−9)
→ →
25 25 25
+27
→ → 𝑅 = +2
25

But we simplified the given expression by dividing the numerator and the denominator by 4. Thus,
we have to multiply it by 4. So, R = +2 × 4 = +8 or 08 which represents the last two digits of the given
expression.

Last two digits of number ending with 1,3,7 and 9:

For such number we have to make the unit digit = 1 and then the trick is explained in the example
below

Example: Find last two digits of (238641)386

Clearly the last digit here is 1

For ten’s digit we need to multiply the 2nd last digit of the base with the last digit of power.

Here (238641)386 that would be 4x6 = 24

And the last digit of that product is the ten’s digit of the expression = 4

So the last two digits for the given expression is 41 …. Ans

Now for 3, 7 and 9 :

We have to successively take squares until the last digit becomes 1 and then find the last two digits

31 = 3, 32 = 9, 33 = 27, 34 = 81

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Page No.6
71 = 7, 72 = 49, 72 = 343, 74 = 2401

91 = 9, 92 = 81

Example: Find the last two digits of (17)263

As mentioned above 74 has unit digit 1. So

So we first need to find the last two digits of 174

172 = 289

Last two digits of 174 = 892 = 7921

Now 17263 = 174x65 + 3 = 174x65 x 173

Considering only last 2 digits 17

174x65 x 173 = 2165 x 173

= 01 x 13 = 13

Last two digits of number ending with 2, 4, 6 and 8:

We know

2=2

4 = 22

6=2x3

And 8 = 23

So once we establish the method to find last two digits of the number ending with two, we can
follow the rest of numbers using the above relation by breaking the number in simpler prime factors.

21=02, 22 = 04, 23 = 08, 24 = 16 ………… 210 = 1024

220 = (210)2 = 76 as last two digits

Again 230 = (210)3 = 24 as last two digits

Thus for 2 after every power of 10 the last two digits become 24 and 76 alternatively

i.e.

Last two digits of following expression

(210)odd = 24

(210)even = 76

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Page No.7
For numbers ending with 5:

Tens digit of number or base Units digit of power Last two digits

Even Even 25

Even Odd 25

Odd Even 25

Odd Odd 75

NUMBER OF FACTORS OF A NUMBER

If N is a composite number such that N = apbqcr …… where a, b, c are prime factors of N and
p, q, r …… are positive integers, then the number of factors of N is given by the expression.
= (p + 1) (q + 1) (r + 1) …...
Product of all the factors of a number:
From the above given example of number 48. The total number of factors will be 10 i.e. 1, 2,
3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48. If we try to find the product of all the factors of 48 then we have to
multiply all the factors. But we can see that
Multiplication of 1 and 48 = 48;
Multiplication of 2 and 24 = 48;
Multiplication of 3 and 16 = 48;
Multiplication of 4 and 12 = 48;
Multiplication of 6 and 8 = 48
Thus, Multiplication of a factor from the beginning and a corresponding factor from the end,
results into the number itself. Here, in the example 48 has total 10 factors and in the product,
we have to multiply 48 to itself total 5 times (10 ÷ 2 = 5 times).
So, in general case
𝑵𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔
Product of all the factors of a number = 𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓( 𝟐
)

10
So, Product of all the factors of 48 = 48( 2 ) = 485

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Page No.8
Number of odd factors of a number: The total number of odd factors of any given number
can be found by calculating all the possible combinations of powers of odd prime numbers as
base such as 3, 5, 7…… etc.
Number of even factors of a number: The total number of even factors of any given number
can be found by calculating all the factors and subtracting the number of odd factors from it.
By another method, Number of even factors can be found by keeping the power of 2 anfd
ignoring 20 for our calculations and finding the total number of factors as usual.
Number of factors of a number that are perfect squares:
A perfect square or simply square is obtained when a number is multiplied to itself. Thus, to
find the total number of factors that are perfect square, we have to look for the power 0, 2,
4, 6,….. occurring in the factorization.
SUM OF ALL THE FACTORS OF A NUMBER:
If a number N = apbqcr …… where a, b, c…... are prime numbers and p, q, r…... are positive
integers, then,
The sum of all the factors of N (including 1 and the number itself) is:
𝑎𝑝+1 − 1 𝑏𝑞+1 − 1 𝑐 𝑟+1 − 1
( 𝑎−1
)( 𝑏−1
)( 𝑐−1
) … … … … ..

The above can be verified by an example.

Consider the number 48, when resolved into prime factors, 48 = 2 4 × 31. Here a = 2, b = 3, p =
4, q = 1.
Hence, sum of all the factors:
24+1 − 1 31+1 − 1 31 8
=( )( )= × = 124
2−1 3−1 1 2

The list of factors of 48 are:

1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48.
If these factors are added, the sum is 124 and tallies with the above result.

SUM OF EVEN FACTORS OF A NUMBER:

To find the sum of even factors of a number, we will omit the factor 2 0.
SUM OF ODD FACTORS OF A NUMBER:
To find the sum of odd factors of a number, we will omit all the powers of 2 altogether.
Taking into consideration all other factors with their powers.

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Page No.9
SUM OF PERFECT SQUARE FACTORS OF A NUMBER: When we find the sum of factors that
are perfect squares, we only consider the powers that make perfect squares i.e. 0, 2, 4…… and
follow the usual method.

Number of zeros
In this topic we are going to go through the following concepts:

• Number of trailing zeros in a Product or an Expression

• Number of trailing zeros in Power of an expression
• Number of trailing zeros in a factorial (n!)

Number of zeros is nothing else but the number of zeros at the end i.e. Number of trailing zeros.

Just to make you clear, 170130000 has 5 zeros but 4 trailing / ending zeros.

Note: In questions based on these ideas, you should assume that the examiner is asking about
trailing zeros unless specified otherwise.

Number of trailing zeros in a Product or an Expression:

If we look at a number N, such that N = 2580000 = 258 x 104

Number of trailing zeros is the Power of 10 in the expression or in other words, the number of times
N is divisible by 10.

We know 10 = 2 x 5

For a number to be divisible by 10, it should be divisible by 2 & 5, since making a pair of 2 and 5 will
give us 10.

So, Number of trailing zeros is going to be the power of 2 or 5, whichever is less.

Number of trailing zeros in Power of an expression:

We know that

101 = 10 …….. one trailing zero

102 = 100 …….. two trailing zeros

103 = 1000 …….. three trailing zeros

1002 = 10000 …… four trailing zeros

Thus for finding the number of zeros in Np

If N has t trailing zeros

Then Np has t x p trailing zeros

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Page No.10
Number of trailing zeros in a factorial (n!):
Factorial of a number n is given by n! = n x (n−1) x (n−2) x (n−3) x ….. x 2 x 1

Number of trailing zeros in n! = Number of times n! is divisible by 10 = Highest power of 10 which

divides n! = Highest power of 5 in n! (Since in a factorial number of occurrences of 5 is always less than
the number of occurrences of 2)

Calculating Highest power of a number in a factorial.

If p is prime number, then the highest power of p in a factorial n is given by

𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
[ ] + [ 2] + [ 3] + ⋯
𝑝 𝑝 𝑝

Where [x] represents the greatest integer function of x i.e. the greatest integer that is less than or
equal to x.

REMAINDER THEROEM

Any number can be written in the form given below:

Dividend=Divisor x Quotient + Remainder

So When 86 is divided by 10 it can be written in the form

86 = 10 x 8 + 6

Consider the following question:

17×23.

Suppose you have to find the remainder of this expression when divided by 12.

We can write this as:

17×23 = (12+5) × (12+11)

You will realise that, when this expression is divided by 12, the remainder will only depend on the
last term above:
12×12+12×11+5×12+5×11 5×11
Thus, 12
gives the same remainder as 12
→ 𝑅𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 = +7

This is the remainder when 17 × 23 is divided by 12.

Learning Point: In order to find the remainder of 17 × 23 when divide by 12, you need to look at
the individual remainders of 17 and 23 when divided by 12 and then successively divide by 12 to
find the remainder of the original expression
Mathematically, this can be written as:
The remainder of the expression [A × B × C + D × E]/M, will be the same as the remainder of the
expression [AR × BR × CR × ER]/M.
When AR is the remainder when A is divided by M,

BR is the remainder when B is divided by M,

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Page No.11
CR is the remainder when C is divided by M

DR is the remainder when D is divided by M and

ER is the remainder when E is divided by M,

We call this transformation as the remainder theorem transformation and denote it by the sign

R→

Thus, the remainder of

1421 × 1423 × 1425 when divided by 12 can be given as:

1421×1423×1425 5×7×9 35×9 11×9
12
R→ 12
R→ 12
R→ 12
R→ +3

In the above question, we have a series of remainder theorem transformations (denoted by R→)

and equality transformations to transform a difficult looking expression into a simple expression.

USING NEGATIVE REMAINDERS

Consider the following question.

Find the remainder when: 14 × 15 is divided by 8.

The obvious approach in this case would be

14×15 6×7 42
R→ R→ R→ +2
8 8 8

However, there is another option by which you can solve the same question:

When 14 is divide by 8, the remainder is normally seen as + 6. however, there might be times when
using the negative value of the remainder might give us more convenience. Which is why you should
know the following process.
Concept Note: Remainders by definition are always non-negative. Hence, even when we divide a
number like – 27 by 5 we say that the remainder is 3 (and not – 2). However, looking at the negative
value of the remainder–it has its own advantage in Mathematics at it results in reducing calculations.

Thus, when a number like 13 is divided by 8, the remainder being 5, the negative remainder is –3.

Note: It is in this context that we mention numbers like 13, 21, 29, etc. as 8n + 5 or 8n – 3 numbers.
1415 −2×−1
Thus, 8
will give us 8
R→2

Consider the advantage this process will give you in the following question:
51×52 −2×−1
53
→ 53
R→2

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Page No.12
(The alternative will involve long calculation. Hence, the principle is that you should use is negative
remainders wherever you can. They can make life much simpler.)
What if the answer comes out to be negative?
62×63×64 −4×−3×−2 24
For instance, 66
→ 66
R → − 66

But we know that a remainder of –24, equals a remainder of 42 when divided by 66. Hence, the
answer is 42.
Of course, nothing stops you from using positive and negative remainders at the same time in order
to solve the same question:
17×19 −1×+1 1
9
→ 9
R → − 9 R → +8

Try to solve the following question on Remainder theorem:

Find the remainder in each of the following cases:

1. 243 × 245 × 247 × 249 × 251 divided by 12.

Solution:
243 × 245 × 247 × 249 × 251 +3×+5×+7×+9×+11 15×63×11 +3×+3×−1 9
→ → → → − 12
12 12 12 12
𝑅 → +3

173×261 248×249×250
2. +
13 15

Solution:

173×261 248×249×250 +4×+1 +8×+9×+10 4 0

+ → + → + 13 + 15 R → +4
13 15 13 15

37×43×51 137×143×151
3. +
7 9

Solution:

37×43×51 137×143×151 +2×+1×+2 +2×−1×−2

+ → + → (+4) + (+4) 𝑅 → +8
7 9 7 9

Dealing with large power: There are two tools which are effective in order to deal with large powers:
𝑛
((𝑎𝑥+1))
(A) If you can express the expression in the form 𝑎
then the remainder will become 1
directly. In such a case, no matter how large the value of the power n is, the remainder is 1.
In such a case the value of the power does not matter.

3712635 112635
Example: R→ R → +1
9 9

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Page No.13
 (𝑎𝑥−1)𝑛
(B) In such a case using –1 as the remainder it will be evident that the remainder will be
𝑎
+1 if n is even and it will be –1 (Hence a – 1) when n is odd.

31127 (−1)127
Example: 8
R→ 8
R → +7

ANOTHER IMPORTANT POINT:

Suppose you were asked to find the remainder of 14 divided by 4. It is clearly visible that the answer
should be 2.
But consider the following process:
14 7
→ R → +1 (The answer has changed)
4 2

What has happened?

We have transformed 14/4 into 7/2 by dividing the numerator and the denominator by 2. The result
is that the original remainder 2 is also divided by 2 giving us 1 as the remainder. In order to take care
of this problem we need to reverse the effect of the division of the remainder by 2. This is done by
multiplying the final remainder by 2 to get the correct answer.
Note: In any question on remainder theorem, you should try to cancel out parts of the numerator and
denominator as much as you can, since it directly reduces the calculation required.

THE APPLICATION OF REMAINDER THEOREM:

Finding the last two digits of an expression:

Suppose you had to find the last 2 digits of the expression:

22×31×44×27×37×43
The remainder the above expression will give when it is divided by 100 is the answer to the above
question.
Hence, to answer the question above find the remainder of the expression when it is divided by 100.

Solution:
22 × 31 × 44 × 27 × 37 × 43
100

22×31×11×27×37×43
= 25
(on dividing by 4)
22×6×11×2×12×18 132×22×216 7×22×16 154×16 4×16
R→ 25
R→ 25
R→ 25
R→ 25
R→ 25
R → +14

Thus, the remainder being 14, (after division by 4). The actual remainder should be 56. (Don’t
forget to multiply by 4)

Hence, the last 2 digits of the answer will be 56.

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Page No.14
Using negative remainders here would have helped further.
Note: Similarly finding the last three digits of an expression means finding the remainder when the
expression is divided by 1000.

THE PRIME NUMBER DIVISOR RULE:

This rule states that: If ‘P’ is a prime number then:

𝐴𝑃−1
The remainder of the expression is 1. (Provided A is not a multiple of P)
𝑃

2482
Example: The remainder of 83
=1

SPLITTING THE DENOMINATOR INTO CO-PRIME NUMBERS:

This is also sometime referred to as the ‘Chinese Remainder Theorem’. It is useful when you have to
find the remainder when there is a large denominator, and no other short cuts are working. It is best
explained through an example.
1071444
Suppose you were trying to find the remainder of 136
. You can split the denominator into two
co-prime numbers as 17 and 8.
1071444 51444 516𝑛 ×54 1×54
First find the remainder of → → → R→ +13. This means that 1071444
17 17 17 17
is a 17n + 13 number.
1071444 31444 32𝑛
Next, find the remainder of 8
→ 8
→ 8
→ R→ +1. This means that 1071444 is an 8n +
1 number.
The next step is to find a number below 136 that is both a 17n + 13 as well as an 8n + 1 number. That
number would be the answer.
The list of 17n + 13 numbers below 136 is: 13, 30, 47, 64, 81, 98, 115 and 132. 81 can be seen to be
an 8n + 1 number too.
Thus, the correct answer is 81.

Euler's Totient Function:

The totient φ(n) of a positive integer n greater than 1 is defined to be the number of positive integers
less than n that are coprime to n. φ(1) is defined to be 1.

The general formula to compute φ(n) is the following:

If the prime factorisation of n is given by n =p1e1*...*pnen, then φ(n) = n *(1 - 1/p1)* ... (1 - 1/pn).

For example:
• 9 = 32, φ(9) = 9* (1-1/3) = 6
• 4 =22, φ(4) = 4* (1-1/2) = 2
• 15 = 3*5, φ(15) = 15* (1 - 1/3)*(1 - 1/5) = 15*(2/3)*(4/5) =8
• 48 = 24×3, φ(48) = 48*(1 – ½)(1 – 1/3) = 16

15

Page No.15
Note: All prime numbers (p) have Euler’s Totient = (p – 1)

• 73 has Euler’s Totient = 73(1 – 1/73) = 72 which is 1 less than 73.

When x and y are two co-prime numbers, φ(x*y) = φ(x)* φ(y)

• 77 has Euler’s Totient = φ(77) = φ(11*7) = φ(11)*φ(7) = 10x6 = 60.

Application of Euler’s Totient:

𝟐𝟕𝟗
Example: Find the remainder of 𝟑𝟕
.

Solution:

Here, Euler’s Totient φ(37) = 36 which means 37 has total 36 numbers that are co-prime to 37.
236
Thus, 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 1.
37

Also, 272 , 2108 , 2144 … … … will leave remainder as 1 when divided by 37.

Thus, 279 will be converted to 27 .

27 128
So, 37 = 37
𝑅 → +1

16

Page No.16
 EXERCISE
1. The total number of 3-digit numbers 9. If a nine-digit number 389x6378y is
which are exactly divisible by 6 is : divisible by 72, then the value of
A. 149 B. 150 will be :
C. 151 D. 166
A. 6 B.
2. Both the end digits of a 99 digit number C. D. 8
N are 2. N is divisible by 11, then all the
middle digits are : 10. If N = 99, then N is divisible by how
A. 1 B. 2 many positive perfect cubes?
C. 3 D. 4 A. 6 B. 7
C. 4 D. 5
3. If n is a whole number greater than 1,
then n2(n2 - 1) is always divisible by: 11. A two digit number is divided by the
A. 16 B. 12 sum of its digits, the quotient is 6 and the
C. 10 D. 8 remainder is 3. If the digits are reversed
and the resulting number is divided by the
4. The number 1563241234351 is: sum of the digits, the quotient is 4 and the
A. divisible by both 3 and 11 remainder is 9. The sum of the digits of the
B. divisible by 11 but not by 3 number is?
C. neither divisible by 3 nor by 11 A. 12 B. 10
D. divisible by 3 but not by 11 C. 75 D. 16

5. If the 11-digit number 5678x43267y is 12. If 'n’ be any natural number other than
1, then by which largest number (n3 - n) is
divided by 72, then the value of is: always divisible ?
A. 6 B. 7 A. 3 B. 6
C. 8 D. 4 C. 12 D. 18

6. Number 30744 is divided by which single 13 . If the sum of the digits of any integer
digit number? lying between 100 and 1000 is subtracted
A. All numbers except 5 and 7 from the number, the result always is:
B. Only 2, 3 and 6 A. divisible by 6
C. Only 2, 3, 6 and 9 B. divisible by 2
D. All numbers except 5 C. divisible by 9
D. divisible by 5
7. How many numbers are there between 1
to 200 which are divisible by 3 but not by 7? 14. A 4-digit number is formed by repeating
A. 38 B. 45 a 2-digit number such as 2525 , 3232 , etc.
C. 57 D. 66 Any number of this form is always exactly
divisible by :
8. How many natural numbers from 34 to A. 7
152 are divisibly by 6? B. 11
A. 16 B. 12 C. 13
C. 20 D. 17 D. Smallest 3-digit prime number ONLINE

17

Page No.17
15. It is given that (232 + 1) is exactly 24. Find the number of zeroes at the end
divisible by a certain number, which one of of the product 140! × 5 × 15 × 22 × 11 × 44
the following is also definitely divisible by × 135
the same number? A. 34 B. 35
A. 296 + 1 B. 7 x 233 C. 36 D. 37
C. 216- 1 D. 216 + 1
25. Find the number of zeroes at the end of
16. Find the number of zeroes at the end of the product 1140! × 358! × 171!
the expansion of 2346! A. 282 B. 325
A. 582 B. 583 C. 411 D. 370
C. 575 D. 580
26. Find the number of zeroes at the end of
17. The highest power of 3 that completely the product 1 × 22 × 33 × 44 × 55:
divides 43! is: A. 8 B. 5
A. 18 B. 15 C. 2 D. 10
C. 16 D. 19
27. Find the sum of: 212 + 222 + 232 + 242
18. How many zeroes will be there at the ................+ 302
end of 226×227×228×…………×500. A. 7575 B. 6575
A. 71 B. 70 C. 6585 D. 7500
C. 69 D. 68
28. (1003 - 103) + (993 - 93) + (983 - 83) + (973
19. Find the number of zero at the end of - 73) + (963 - 63) + (953 - 53) + (943 - 43) + (933
1142! + 348! + 17! - 33) + (923 - 23) + (913 - 13) = ?
A. 0 B. 1 A. 256362.5 B. 246362.5
C. 2 D. 3 C. 236462.5 D. 236362.5

20. Find the number of zeroes at the end of 29. Find the sum of the series: 193 + 203 +
1249! 213 + 223 + .............+ 283 + 293 + 303
A. 308 B. 307 A. 186984 B. 198765
C. 309 D. 310 C. 176546 D. 154532

21. Find the number of zeroes at the end 30. What is the value of 122 + 132 + 142 +
of the product 2 × 4 × 6 × ……… 48 × 50 152 +…+ 292 + 302?
A. 6 B. 12 A. 7864 B. 7983
C. 7 D. 5 C. 8949 D. 7897

22. Find the number of zeroes at the end of 31. The sum of factors of 540 except the
the product 21 × 22 × 23……..59 × 60 unity is:
A. 14 B. 4 A. 3589 B. 3467
C. 10 D. 12 C. 1679 D. 4657

23 .Find the number of zeroes at the end of 32. Find the product of divisors of 7744:
the product 41 × 42 …….. 109 × 110 A. 8823 B. 8821
A. 26 B. 9 C. 8827 D. 88(42/3)
C. 17 D. 25

18

Page No.18
33. Find the No. of prime factor. (30)26 × 41. The difference of the square of two
(25)51 × (12)23 consecutive even integers is divisible by
A. 249 B. 250 which of the following integers?
C. 255 D. 260 A. 3 B. 4
C. 6 D. 7
34. If N = 411 + 412 + 413 + 414 then how
many positive factors of N are there? 42. The sum of the squares of two
A. 92 B. 48 consecutive positive integers exceeds their
C. 50 D. 51 product by 91. Find the integers?
A. 9, 10 B. 10, 11
35. Find the number of ways of expressing C. 11, 12 D. 12, 13
720 as a product of two factors.
A. 17 B. 19 43. The largest integer that divides product
C. 15 D. 10 of any four consecutive integters is:
A. 4 B. 6
36. Find the sum of the sum of even C. 12 D. 24
divisors of 96 and the sum of odd divisors
of 3600. 44. For the given five consecutive positive
A. 639 B. 735 integers a,b,c,d and e, which of the
C. 651 D. 589 following is definitely not an odd integer?
A. ab + c B. ab + d
37. Find the No. of Prime Factor (30)15 × C. ac + d D. ac + e
(22)11 × (15)24
A. 110 B. 115 45. If the product of five consecutive
C. 120 D. 125 integers is equal to one of them, then find
is greatest possible integer in the five
38. Do there exist seven consecutive numbers?
integers with a sum of 130? A. 4 B. 10
A. Yes B. No C. 5 D. 15
C. Can’t say D. A and B both
46. Find the remainder of following
39. If you subtract the sum of two expression:
consecutive numbers from the product of
the same two numbers, the answer is 5.
What are the numbers?
A. 5 B. 7
A. –2, –3 B. –2, –1
C. 6 D. 4
C. 3, 4 D. A & B both
47. Find the remainder of:
40. The sum of three consecutive odd
numbers is 28 more than the first of these
numbers. What is the middle number? ?
A. 15 A. 1
B. 23 B. 16
C. 13 C. 0
D. 21 D. 5

19
Page No.19
48. Find the remainder of:
55. Find the remainder of,

A. 1 B. 0
A. 7 B. 9
C. 3 D. 6
C. 4 D. 6

56. Find the remainder of

49. Find the remainder of ?
A. 1 B. 2
C. 7 D. 3
A. 7 B. 10
C. 5 D. 2
50. Find the remainder of:
57. What is the remainder when 1468 ×
3654 × 4499 is divided by 13?
A. 1 B. 4 A. 1 B. 12
C. 0 D. 5 C. 7 D. 6

51. Find the remainder of: 58. Find the remainder of:

A. 1 B. 2 A. 1 B. 2
C. 3 D. 4 C. 5 D. 3

52. Find the remainder of: 59. Find the remainder of,

A. 4 B. 1 A. 0 B. 1
C. 2 D. 5 C. 3 D. 2
53. Find the remainder of 60. Find the remainder of

?
A. 0 B. 1
A. 1 B. 7 C. 2 D. 4
C. 4 D. 2
61. Find the remainder of,
54. Find the remainder of,

A. 7
A. 120 B. 9
B. 125 C. 4
C. 130 D. 6
D. 115

20

Page No.20
62. Find the remainder of 70. Find the remainder when 3256 is divided
by 80.
A. 1 B. 2
C. 7 D. 5
A. 1 B. 2
C. 0 D. 7
71. IF the six-digit number 479xyz is exactly
divisible by 7, 11 and 13, then {(y + z) ÷ x} is
63. Find the remainder of
equal to :
A. 4 B. 11/9

A. 12 B. 14 C. D.
C. 7 D. 11
72. Two positive numbers differ by 2001.
64. Find the remainder of: When the larger number is divided by the
smaller number, the quotient is 9 and the
remainder is 41. The sum of the digits of
the larger number is:
A. 1 B. 2
A. 11 B. 15
C. 5 D. 3
C. 10 D. 14
65. When 741 is divided by 400. The
remainder obtained is:
A. 7 B. 6 73. Find the remainder of ?
C. 1 D. 0 A. 1 B. 2
C. 4 D. 6
66. What is the remainder when the
product of 177, 414 and 837 is divided by 74. Given n is an integer, what is the
12? remainder when (6n + 3)2 is divided by 9?
A. 9 B. 6 A. 3 B. 2
C. 2 D. 1 C. 1 D. 0

67. What is the remainder when (1!)1! + 75. Two numbers 765 and 632 when
(2!)2! + (3!)3! + (4!)4! +............+ (20!)20! is divided by a two-digit number, leaves the
divided by 12? same remainders. Product of digits of the
A. 0 B. 1 two-digit number is:
C. 3 D. 5 A. 19 B. 7
C. 9 D. 133
68. What is the remainder when we divide
(43235 + 2335) by 35? 76. Find the unit digit of,
A. 4 B. 7 22 × 44 × 66 × 88 × ……… × 112112
C. 0 D. 9 A. 1 B. 0
C. 5 D. 6
69. When 1! + 2! + 3!+ ............+ 100! is
divided by 5. The remainder obtained is? 77. 11 × 22 × 33 × 44 × 55 × 66 × 77 × 88 × 99
A. 2 B. 3 Find the unit digit
C. 1 D. 0 A. 0 B. 1
C. 5 D. 2

21

Page No.21
78. Find the unit digit of: 4 + 92 + 43 + 94 + A. 6 B. 5
45 + 96 + ……….. + 499 + 9100 C. 1 D. 0
A. 5 B. 1
C. 3 D. 0 87. Find the difference between the unit
digits of a and b
79.Find the unit digit of: a = 437253 × 134337
b = 132653 × 559381
A. 2 B. 5
A. 5 B. 0
C. 4 D. 0
C. 1 D. 7
88. The last two digits of the number
80. Find the unit digit of, : 103×107×98×92×106 are:
A. 78 B. 16
A. 1 B. 2 C. 42 D. 54
C. 6 D. 0
89. The last 2 digits of the number 5600 are:
81. Find the unit digit of A. 25 B. 75
C. 35 D. 88

A. 5 B. 0 90. Find the last two digits of given

C. 6 D. 8 expression: (789621)67557
A. 72 B. 12
82. Find the unit digit of, 129129 × 128128 × C. 88 D. 41
127127 × 126126
A. 2 B. 1 91. There are 3 prime numbers, the
C. 3 D. 5 product of 1st two numbers is 1891 and the
product of last two numbers is 7991. Find
83. Find the unit digit of, 272129 × 343125 × all the numbers?
676428 + 27939 × 2426 – 2722 A. 31, 61, 131 B. 31, 59, 131
A. 1 B. 2 C. 13, 97, 123 D. 31, 41, 71
C. 3 D. 0
92. Finding the HCF by long division
84. Find the unit digit of: (7125 + 7124 + 7123) method, the quotients are 9,8 and 5 and
(4120 + 4119 + 4118) the last divisor is 16. Find the sum of both
A. 0 B. 1 the numbers?
C. 5 D. 6 A. 5840 B. 6540
C. 6640 D. 3420
85. Find the unit digit of,
1! × 2! × 3! × 4! × ………….. × 99! 93. Find the largest number of two digit,
A. 0 B. 1 which divides 211 and 396 giving the same
C. 2 D. 5 remainder?
A. 37 B. 185
86. Find the unit digit of, C. 43 D. 21
1998 × 2999 × 31000 × 41001 × 51002 × 61003 ×
71004 94. The sum of two numbers is 36 and their
HCF is 4. Find the possible number of pairs?

22
Page No.22
A. 3 B. 4 102. The LCM of two numbers is 495 and
C. 2 D. 5 their HCF is 5. If the sum of the numbers is
100, then their difference is:
95. The LCM of 4 numbers is 117 and the A. 10 B. 46
HCF of each pair is 3. Find the C. 70 D. 90
multiplication of all the numbers?
A. 3159 B. 2170 103. Two numbers, both greater than 29,
C. 3179 D. 3158 have HCF 29 and LCM 4147. The sum of the
numbers is:
96. The LCM and HCF two consecutive even A. 966 B. 696
number is 84 and 2. Find the sum of C. 669 D. 666
reciprocals of these two numbers?
A. 13/83 B. 13/84 104. The sum of the H.C.F. and L.C.M of
C. 12/19 D. 17/85 two number is 680 and the L.C.M. is 84
times the H.C.F. If one of the numbers is 56,
97. The sum and LCM of two numbers are the other is:
156 and 504. Find both the numbers? A. 84 B. 12
A. 72, 84 B. 24, 27 C. 8 D. 96
C. 37, 54 D. 72, 94
105. The LCM of two numbers is 12 times
98. The HCF of two numbers is 11 and their their HCF. The sum of the HCF and the LCM
LCM is 693. If one number is 77. Find the is 403. If one of the numbers is 93, then the
other number? other number is
A. 96 B. 99 A. 124 B. 128
C. 76 D. 90 C. 134 D. 138

99. The LCM of two numbers is 12 times of 106. The sum of two numbers is 36 and
HCF. The sum of HCF and LCM is 403. If their H.C.F and L.C.M. are 3 and 105
both numbers are smaller than LCM. Find respectively. The sum of the reciprocals of
the both numbers? two numbers is
A. 67, 91 B. 93, 124
C. 93, 125 D. 77, 120 A. B.

C. D.
100. The sum and difference of HCF and
LCM of two numbers is 592 and 518. Find
both the numbers if the sum of these two 107. L.C.M. of two numbers is 120 and
numbers is 296? their H.C.F. is 10. Which of the following
A. 185, 111 B. 186, 144 can be the sum of those two numbers ?
C. 185, 121 D. 123, 345 A. 140 B. 80
C. 60 D. 70
101.The product of the LCM and HCF of
two numbers is 24. The difference of the 108. There are three tanks with 1139 litres,
two numbers is 2. Find the numbers? 1411 litres and 1649 litres of diesel . The
A. 8 and 6 B. 8 and 10 greatest possible size of the measuring
C. 2 and 4 D. 6 and 4 vessel with which a man can measure up
the diesel of any tank while every time the
vessel must be completely filled.

23

Page No.23
A. 19 B. 23 A. 2 B. 3
C. 17 D. 21 C. 1 D. 4

109. Find the greatest number less than 115. When 7897, 8110 and 8536 are
900, which is divisible by 8, 12, and 28. divided by the greatest number x, then the
A. 845 B. 840 remainder in each case is the same. The
C. 850 D. 835 sum of the digits of x is:
A. 14 B. 9
110. Four bells ring at intervals of 8, 12, 16 C. 5 D. 6
and 28 seconds respectively. They start
ringing simultaneously at 1.00 ‘o’ clock. At 116. When 12, 16, 18, 20 and 25 divide the
what time will they again ring least number x, the remainder in each case
simultaneously? is 4 and also x is divisible by 7. What is the
A. 2:03:23 o’ clock B. 2:02:36 o’ clock digit at the thousands place in x?
C. 1:05:36 o’ clock D. 1:05:48 o’ clock A. 3 B. 8
C. 5 D. 4
111. Five cement pipes of length 210 cm,
225 cm, 285 cm, 315 cm and 345 cm are to 117. Find the greatest 5 digits number
be cut into parts of equal length, each part which is exactly divided by 8, 12, 15 and 20
must be as long as possible. Calculate the each:
maximum number of pieces that can be A. 99960 B. 99940
cut? C. 99980 D. 99950
A. 80 B. 85
C. 90 D. 92 118. The LCM of two positive integers is
twice the larger number. The difference of
112. The sum of two number is PQ and the smaller number and the GCD of the
their difference is 1/7th of their sum. Find two numbers is 4. The smaller number is :
their HCF. A. 12 B. 6
C. 8 D. 10
A. B.
119. Which of the following is the largest 4-
digit number which can be added to 7891
C. D.
in order to make the derived number
divisible by each of 7, 11, 12, 27, and 28.
113. There are two gears in a mechanical A. 9123 B. 9383
system, which are in contact. There are 32 C. 8753 D. None of these
teeth in small gear and 36 teeth in bigger
gear. If bigger gear completes 64 cycles in 1 120. The HCF and LCM of two numbers are
second. Then in many times two particular 34 and 306 respectively. When the first
teeth touch each other in 10 hours? number is divided by 2, the quotient is 17.
A. 28800 B. 278000 The other number is?
C. 288800 D. 288000 A. 66 B. 132
C. 306 D. 153
114. The product of two numbers is 6760
and their HCF is 13. How many such pairs
of numbers can be formed?

24
Page No.24
 ANSWER KEY
1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A
6. D 7. C 8. C 9. D 10. B
11. A 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A
16. B 17. D 18. C 19. D 20. A
21. A 22. C 23. C 24. D 25. C
26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. C
31. C 32. B 33. A 34. A 35. C
36. C 37. B 38. B 39. D 40. C
41. B 42. A 43. D 44. D 45. A
46. B 47. B 48. B 49. C 50. B
51. D 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. B
56. B 57. B 58. D 59. C 60. D
61. B 62. C 63. B 64. D 65. A
66. B 67. D 68. C 69. B 70. A
71. A 72. D 73. A 74. D 75. C
76. B 77. A 78. D 79. B 80. B
81. B 82. A 83. A 84. D 85. A
86. D 87. D 88. B 89. A 90. D
91. A 92. C 93. A 94. A 95. A
96. B 97. A 98. B 99. B 100. A
101. D 102. A 103. B 104. D 105. A
106. C 107. D 108. C 109. B 110. C
111. D 112. C 113. D 114. A 115. D
116. B 117. A 118. C 119. D 120. C

25

Page No.25
 EXPLANATION

1.
The smallest 3 digit number divisible by 6 is 102 and the largest one is 996.
Let there be n such numbers.
The set of numbers forms an arithmetic sequence:
tn= a + (n - 1 )d;
Here, d = 6, a = 102
tn = 996 and n = ?
⇒ 996 = 102 + (n - 1) 6
⇒ (n- 1)6 = 996-102 = 894

⇒ n = 149 + 1 = 150

2.
A number is divisible by 11 if the difference of the sum of digits at odd and even places be
either zero or multiple of 11. If the middle digit be 4;, then 24442 or 244442 etc are divisible
by 11.

3.
n2(n2-l) = n2 (n + 1)(n - 1)
Now, we put values n = 2, 3 ………….
When n = 2
n2(n2 -1) = 4 x 3 x 1 = 12,
which is a multiple of 12

When n = 3.
n2(n2 - 1)=9 × 4 × 2 = 72,
which is also a multiple of 12. and so on.

4.
1563241234351
Divisibility rule:-
3: A number is divisible by 3 when sum of all digits is divisible by 3.
11: A number is divisible by 11 when difference between sum of alternate digits is multiple
of 11 or equal to 0.
Sum of digits-
1+5+6+3+2+4+1+2+3+4+3+5+1 = 40
Number is not divisible by 3 or 11.
Difference of sum of alternate digits-
(1+6+2+1+3+3+1)-(5+3+4+2+4+5) = 17 – 23
0
So, neither divisible by 3 nor by 11.

26

Page No.26
5.
5678x43267y
The above number should be divisible both 8 and 9.
72 = 8 × 9
the divisibility by 8- the last three digits should be divisible by 8.
If we put y = 2, then it will be divisible by 8. (672 is divisible by 8)
the divisibility by 9- the sum of all digits should be divisible by 9.
5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + x + 4 + 3 + 2 + 6 + 7 + 2 = 50 + x
If we put x = 4, it will be divisible by 9.
Hence, x = 4 and y = 2
A.T.Q., =6

6.
Divisibility by 8 –
744 ÷ 8 = 0 (remainder)
∴ the no. is divisible by 1,2,4 and 8.
Divisibility by 9 –
(3 + 0 + 7 + 4 + 4) ÷ 9 = 18 ÷ 9 = 0 (remainder)
∴ the no. is divisible by 3 and 9 too.
Divisibility by 7 –
30744 ÷ 7 = 0 (remainder)
The unit digit of the number is 4.
Hence, the number is divisible by all single digit numbers except 5.

7.
The first number divisible between 1 and 200 is 3 and the last one is 198
We know that tn = a + (n - 1)d
198 = 3 + (n - 1)3
n = 66
so there are 66 terms divisible by 3 between 1 and 200
the terms which is divisible by 3 and 7 both are multiple of 21
so last term divisible by 21 between 1 and 200 is 189
189 = 21 + (n - 1)21
n=9
Number of terms which are divisible by 3 but not by 7 = 66 - 9 = 57

8.
The natural numbers from 34 to 152 are divisibly by 6 = 36, 42, 48, ……….150.
So, we can say that the series is in A.P.
Here, a = 36, d = 6 and l = 150
Let the no. of terms be n.
Then, tn = l = a + (n – 1)d
⇒ 150 = 36 + (n – 1)6
⇒ 6n – 6 = 114
⇒ 6n = 120 ⇒ n = 20
∴ There are 20 natural numbers from 34 to 152 are divisibly by 6.

27

Page No.27
9.
Since the number is divisible by 72, we must check divisibility by 8 and 9 both.
Divisibility by 8- the last three digits should be divisible by 8.
If we put y = 4, then it will be divisible by 8.
divisibility by 9- the sum of digits should be divisible by 9.

If we put x = 6, it will be divisible by 9.

Required,

10.
∴ No. of perfect cubes by which 318 is divisible are:
13, 33, 93, 273, 813, 2433, 7293
Thus, Answer = 7

11.
Let the number be = 10x + y
Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + remainder
⇒ 10x + y = 6(x + y) + 3
⇒ 10x + y = 6x + 6y + 3
⇒ 10x – 6x = 6y – y + 3
⇒ 4x = 5y + 3
⇒ 4x – 5y = 3 ------ (i)
Again,
⇒ 10y + x = 4(x + y) + 9
⇒ 10y + x = 4x + 4y + 9
⇒ 10y – 4y = 4x – x + 9
⇒ 6y – 3x = 9
⇒ 2y – x = 3 ------ (ii)
Multiplying eq (ii) by 4 + eq (i) we get
3y = 15
y=5
From eq (ii)
⇒ 2×5 – x = 3
⇒x=7
∴ Sum of digits = x + y = 7 + 5 = 12

12.
Given that, n3 - n = n (n2 - 1)
= n (n + 1) (n - 1)
For n = 2, n3 - n = 6
For n = 3, n3 - n = 24
For n = 4, n3 - n = 60
For n = 5, n3 - n = 120
Thus, for any value of n, n3 - n will be a divisible by 6.

28

Page No.28
13.
Let the Number = 100x + 10 y + z
Sum of digits = x + y + z
Difference = 100 x + 10y + z - x - y- z = 99x + 9y = 9(11x + y)
Thus, the number will be divisible by 9.

14.
Let the unit digit be x and ten's digit be y.
Number
= 1000y + 100x + 10y + x
= 1010y + 101x= 101(10y + x)
Clearly, this number is divisible by 101, which is the smallest three-digit prime number.

15.
296 + 1 = (232)3 + 13 = (232 + 1) (264 - 232 + 1)
Clearly, 232 + 1 is a factor of 296 + 1.

16.

No. of zeroes at the end = 469 + 93 + 18 + 3 = 583

17.
Here we are interested in finding the highest power of 3 that completely divides 43!
For this, we will divide 43 by 3 continuously until we obtain a quotient less than 3.
Remainders need not to be written as there is no use of it.

Now add all the quotients.

So, the highest power of 3 that completely divides 43! = 14 + 4 + 1 = 19
Alternate method:
The highest power of 3 that completely divides 43! =
= 14 + 4 + 1 = 19.

29
Page No.29
18.
Number of zeroes at the end of 226×227×228×…………×500 = Number of zeroes at the end of
1×2×3×............×500 – Number of zeroes at the end of 1×2×3×...........×225
So, Number of zeroes at the end of 1×2×3×..........×500 can be find out using following method:

So Number of zeros at the end = 100 + 20 + 4 = 124

Number of zeroes at the end of 1×2×3×...........×225 can be find out using following method

Number of zeroes at the end of 1×2×3×...........×225 = 45 + 9 + 1 = 55

Number of zeroes at the end of 226×227×228×..................×500 = 124 - 55 = 69

19.
No. of zero at the end of 1142!,

No. of zero at the end of 348!,

No. of zero at the end of 17!,

We know that in addition the number of zero is equal to the number of zero which is least
of zero.
So, 1142! + 348! + 17! consists 3 zero in the end.

20.
Since 2 × 5 = 10, the number of zeroes will be equal to power of 2 or power of 5, whichever
is less
But in 1249! the power of 2 will always be greater than the power of 5, so we will only
calculate power of 5 in 1249!

Hence the number of zeroes at the end of 1249! = (249+49+9+1) = 308.

30
Page No.30
21.
2 × 4 × 6 ×………48 × 50
⇒ 2 × 1 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 ………..2 × 24 × 2 × 25
⇒ 225 (1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × ……….25)
There are many 2’s In this series we count 5’s

No. of 5’s = 5 + 1 = 6
Then No. of zeroes = 6

22.
21 × 22 × 23…………….59 × 60

No. of zeroes 1 to 60 = 12 + 2 = 14
No. of zeroes 1 to 20 = 4
No. of zero 21 to 60 = 14 – 4 = 10

23.
41 × 42 …………….109 × 110

No. of zeroes 1 to 110 = 22 + 4 = 26

No. of zeroes 1 to 40 = 8 + 1 = 9

No. of zeroes 41 to 110 = 26 – 9 = 17

31

Page No.31
24.
140! Would have 28 + 5 + 1 = 34

Now Remaining part

5 × 15 × 22 × 11 × 44 × 135
5 × 3 × 5 × 2 × 11 × 11 × 2 × 2 × 11 × 5 × 27
No. of 2’s = 3
No. of 5’s = 3
Remaining part of the Expression would have 3 zeroes
Total No. of zeroes = 34+ 3 = 37

25.

No. Of zeroes in 1140! = 228 + 45 + 9 + 1 = 283

No. of zeroes in 358! = 71 + 14 + 2 = 87
No. of zeroes in 171! = 34 + 6 + 1 = 41
Total No. of zeroes = 283 + 87 + 41 = 411

26.
The Fives will be less than the two’s Hence, we need to count only the Fives
Thus, 2 has power = 8 and 5 has power = 5. So, Total no. of zeroes = 5

27.
We know that, the sum of squares of first n consecutive natural numbers
Required,

= 5×31×61 - 10×7×41 = 9455 – 2870 = 6585

32

Page No.32
28.
(1003 - 103) + (993 - 93) + (983 - 83) + (973 - 73) + (963 - 63) + (953 - 53) + (943 - 43) + (933 - 33) +
(923 - 23) + (913 - 13)
= (1003 + 993 + 983 + 973 + 963 + 953 + 943 + 933 + 923 + 913) – (103 + 93 + 83 + 73 + 63 + 53 + 43
+33 + 23 + 13)
= 1003 + 993 + 983 + ………+ 43 + 33 + 23 + 13 – (903 + 893 + 883 +……….+ 33 + 23 + 13) – (103 + 93 +
83 + 73 + 63 + 53 + 43 + 33 + 23 + 13)
Formula: Sum of the cube of first n natural numbers =
(1002×1012)/4 - (902×912)/4 - (102×112)/4
= (1020100 – 74529 – 121)/4 = 945450/4 = 236362.5

29.
A.T.Q
193 + 203 + 213 + 223 + .............+ 283 + 293 + 303
= (Sum of the cube of first 30 natural numbers) – (Sum of the cube of first 18 natural numbers)

= -
= 216225 – 29241 = 186984
Note: We should always be aware of long solving method, always follow unit digit or
approximation method.

30. Formula: Sum of square of first n natural numbers =

Given, (122 + 132 + 142 + 152 +…+ 292 + 302)
= (12 + 22 + 32 + 42 +......+ 302) – (12 + 22 + 32 + 42 + ...... + 112)

= = 9455 – 506 = 8949

31.
Prime Factorization of 540 = 22 × 33 × 51

∴ Sum of all factors of 540 = = = 1680

But since unity is to be excluded.
∴ The net sum of factors of 540 will be 1680 - 1 = 1679

32.
Here, 7744 = 26 × 112
Total number of divisors = (6+1)(2+1) = 21.
Thus, Product of divisors

= 8821

33
Page No.33
33.
(30)26 × (25)51 × (12)23
Break The form of prime factor
⇒ (21 × 31 × 51)26 ×(5 × 5)51 × (2 × 2 × 3)23
⇒ 226 × 326 × 526× 5102 × 246 × 323
⇒ 226 + 46 × 326 + 23 × 526 + 102
⇒ 272 × 349 × 5128
No. of prime factors:
⇒ 72 + 49 + 128 = 249

34.
N = 411 + 412 + 413 + 414
= 411(1 + 41 + 42 + 43)
= 411(1 + 4 + 16 + 64)
= 411(85)
= 411×17×5
= 222 x 5 x 17
So, Total number of factors = (22+1)(1+1)(1+1)
= 23 x 2 x 2 = 92

35.
Here, 720 = 24×32×52
Total No. of factors = (4+1)(2+1)(1+1) = 30
Hence, there are total of 30/2 = 15 ways in which 720 can be expressed as product of two
factors. Ex. 1×720, 2×360, 3×240 and so on.

36.
Here, 96 = 25 × 31.
Sum of even divisors of 96 = (21 + 22 + 23 + 24 + 25)(30 + 31)
= (2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32)(1 + 3)
= 62 × 4 = 248.
Also, 3600 = 24 × 32 × 52.
Sum of odd divisors of 3600 =
(20)(30 + 31 + 32)(50 + 51 + 52)
= (1)(1 + 3 + 9)(1 + 5 + 25)
= 13 × 31 = 403
Thus, Sum = 248 + 403 = 651.

37.
(30)15 × (22)11 × (15)24
⇒ (2 × 3 × 5)15 × (2 × 11)11 × (3 × 5)24
⇒ 215 × 315 × 515 × 211 × 1111 × 324 × 524
⇒ 215+11 × 315+24 × 515+24 + 1111
⇒ 226 × 339 × 539 × 1111
No. of Prime factor:
26 + 39 + 39 + 11 = 115

34
Page No.34
38.
Let the seven consecutive integers are x-3, x-2, x-1, x, x+1, x+2, x+3.
Their sum = x-3 + x-2 + x-1 + x + x+1 + x+2 + x+3 = 7x
So, 7x = 130
x = 28.28…
Since the value of ‘x’ in not an integer so the sum of seven consecutive integers can never
ever be 130.

39.
Let the two consecutive integers are ‘a’ and ‘a+1’ respectively.
According to the question,
Product of the two numbers – Sum of the two numbers = 5
a(a+1)– [a + (a+1)] = 5
a2 + a – a – a – 1 = 5
a2 – a – 6 = 0

a=

a=
a = -2, 3
So, the numbers are = a, a+1
= -2, -1 and 3, 4
Hence, D is the answer.

40.
Let the three numbers are x, x+2, x+4, then according to the question-
x + x+2 + x+4 = 28 + x
2x+6 = 28
x = 11
So, the middle number = x+2 = 11+2 = 13

41.
Let the two consecutive even integers be 2n and 2n+2.
(2n + 2)2 – (2n)2 = 4n2 + 8n + 4 – 4n2
= 8n + 4
= 4(2n + 1) which is divisible by 4.

42. Let the two consecutive positive integers be x and x + 1

x2 + (x + 1)2 - x(x + 1) = 91
⇒ x2 + x2 + 2x + 1 - x2 - x = 91
⇒ x2 + x - 90 = 0
⇒ (x + 10)(x - 9) = 0
⇒ x = -10 or 9.
As x is positive. So, x = 9
Hence, the two consecutive positive integers are 9 and 10.

35

Page No.35
43.
Smallest 4 consecutive integers are 1,2,3 & 4.
1×2×3×4 = 24
Thus, 24 is the largest number which divides product of any four consecutive integers.

44.
Case-1: a is even, b is odd, c is even, d is odd and e is even.
Option A: ab + c = even + even = even
Option B: ab + d = even + odd = odd
Option C: ac + d = even + odd = odd
Option D: ac + e = even + even = even
Case-2: a is odd, b is even, c is odd, d is even and e is odd.
Option A: ab + c = even + odd = odd
Option B: ab + d = even + even = even
Option C: ac + d = odd + even = odd
Option D: ac + e = odd + odd = even
Here, Only option D is even in both cases.

45.
Let the five consecutive integers be a,b,c,d and e
Now let the product be a
⇒ abcde = a
⇒ abcde - a = 0
⇒ a(bcde – 1) = 0
⇒ a = 0 or, bcde = 0
But b, c, d and e are consecutive integers therefore bcde≠0
Therefore, a = 0
So the product of numbers is 0, and to get the largest possible value we have to start with 0
i.e., a=0, b=1, c=2, d=3, e=4
The largest integer is 4.

46.

Given,

36

Page No.36
47.

Given,

From the remainder theorem:

48.

Note: Use Euler no. concept.

49.

R=7

50.

R=4

51.

R=4

52.

= = Remainder = 4

37
Page No.37
53.

54.

= 1 × 53 = 125

55.

56.

57.

Since -1 can’t be the remainder, hence the remainder is 13 – 1 = 12

58.

Note : Use the divisibility rule of 16, i.e., last 4 digit must be divide by 16.

Defence Post 38

Page No.38
59.

Note : Use the divisibility rule of 8, i.e., last digit three digit must be divided by 8.

60.

61.

62.

Trick : 31 – 9 = 22
∵ 1 to 9 digits are single digits.

9 + 11 = 20

63.

= R = 14
Trick :
120 – 9 = 111 = 111 – 1 = 110

= 55 + 9 = 64

39

Page No.39
64.

Note : Use the divisibility rule of 16, i.e., last 4 digit must be divide by 16.

65.
We know, 74 = 2401

Thus, Remainder = 7

66.
When 177, 414, and 837 are individually divided by 12 the remainders are 9, 6, 9.
Now, the product of remainders = 9 × 6 × 9 = 54 × 9
When this number is divided by 12, it gives = 6 × 9 = 54 as the remainder
So, when 54 is divided by 12 we have 6 as the remainder.

67.

We know that,

From third term onward every term in the series leaves remainder as 0 when divided by 12 .
So, required remainder:

= 5.

68.
As we know (an + bn) is divisible by (a + b) where n is odd.
A.T.Q.:
Given, 43235 + 2335
So, a + b = 432 + 23 = 455.
455 is a multiple of 7 and 5.

Thus 455 is also a multiple of 7 × 5 = 35.

Then, Remainder = 0.

40

Page No.40
69.
Given that, 1! + 2! + 3!+ ............+ 100!
Remainder after term 4! will be zero when divided by 5 as 5! is completely divisible by 5.
So, we have to take the sum of 1! to 4!

Hence, Remainder = 3.

70.
A.T.Q:

Hence, Remainder = 1

71.
We know that if a number is divisible by 7 , 11 , 13 then it is of the form: abcabc
So, in 479xyz, x = 4 , y = 7 , z = 9
Thus, {(y + z) ÷ x}

72.
Let the numbers be x and y respectively.
A.T.Q.:
x - y = 2001
x = 9y + 41
x = 9(x - 2001) + 41
8x = 18009 - 41
x = 2246
y = 2246 - 2001 = 245
Required, Sum of digits of the larger number = 2 + 2 + 4 + 6 = 14

73.

We know that,

And

= Remainder = 1.
Short Trick:
7 raised to any power when divided by 6 will always give remainder 1 as 7/6 gives a
remainder 1 and 1 raised to any power is 1.

41

Page No.41
74.
By the Divisibility test of 9 : Sum of the digits of the number is divisible by 9 .
(6n + 3)2 is divisible by 9 for all values of n ; where n is an integer.
Ex : for n = 0 ; (6n + 3)2 = 9
For n = 1 ; (6n + 3)2 = 81
For n = 2 ; (6n + 3)2 = 225
…..
Hence for every value of n , number is divisible by 9 .
⇒ Remainder = 0

75.
Let the remainder is r and the two-digit number is n. Then (765 - r) and (632 - r) both are
divisible by n. By rule of divisibility, product, sum and difference between the number (765 -
r) and (632 - r) are also divisible by n. Therefore,
(765 - r) − (632 - r) is divisible by n:
⇒ 133 is divisible by n
⇒ 133 = 19 x 7 divisible by n
Required two-digit number n = 19
= Thus, Product of the two digits = 1 x 9 = 9

76.
In the product you will get 1010, so the unit digit of the product, will be 0

77.
22 is a even no. and 55, will consist unit digit as 5, so the product of even number and 5 leads
to unit digit as zero

78.
The unit digit of any number raise to any power(n) shows a cyclicity of four i.e. unit digits
repeats after an interval of 4 for power(n).

So, there will be 50 such pairs

5 × (50 times) = 250
Unit digit will be zero

42

Page No.42
79.
As we all know will be a even no. and the unit digit of , will be 5.
So, Any even number when multiplied by 5, the unit digit will always be zero.

80.
Simplifying the expression

= 332 × 420 × 745

We know,
The unit digit of any number raised to any power(n) shows a cyclicity of four i.e unit digits
repeats after an interval of 4 for power(n).

= 34 × 44 × 71 = 1 × 6 × 7 = (2)

81.
In the product of numbers from 1 to 99 the power of 5 is 22 and power of 2 is 95 therefore
power of 10 will be 22.
Three 10’s will be cancelled by 1000, remaining will lead to unit digit as 0.0

82.
The unit digit of any number raise to any power(n) shows a cyclicity of four i.e. unit digits
repeats after an interval of 4 for power(n).

91 × 84 × 73 × 6 ⇒ 9 × 6 × 3 × 6 ⇒ 2

83.
The unit digit of any number raise to any power(n) shows a cyclicity of four i.e. unit digits
repeats after an interval of 4 for power(n).

(21 × 31 × 6) + (93 × 42) – (7)2 = 6 + 4 – 9 = 1

Defence Post 43

Page No.43
84.
The unit digit of any number raise to any power(n) shows a cyclicity of four i.e. unit digits
repeats after an interval of 4 for power(n).

= 7123(72 + 71 + 1) × 4118(42 + 41 + 1) = 7123 × 57 × 4118 × 21 = 3 × 7 × 6 × 1 = 6

85.
we know that 5! = 120, so the unit digit of the product will be zero.

86.
2999 is a even no. and 51002 will leads to unit digit of 5, so the product’s unit digit will be zero

87.

the unit digits repeat themselves after every power multiple of 4

so,
(i) 253/4 = 1 (Remainder)
so, 4371= 7 (unit digit)
(ii) 337/4 = 1 (Remainder)
so, 1341= 4
this makes, unit digit of a = 7×4 = 28 = unit digit is 8
Similarly, for b
unit digit of b = 2×9 = 18 = unit digit is 8
Therefore difference between unit digits of a and b = 8 - 8 = 0

88.
Finding out the last two digits by Remainder method:
On dividing the given expression by 100:

Thus, 16 will be last two digits.

44

Page No.44
89.
Finding out the last two digits by Remainder method:
On dividing the given expression by 100:

On simplifying:

Since we cancelled out by the factor of 25, So we have to multiply by 25 again.

Thus, last two digits are 1×25 = 25.

90.
Since the base is ending with 1 so last digit will always be 1 and second last digit is unit digit
of multiplication of second last digit of base to the last digit of power.
(789621)67557→ 7×2\1 → 41.

91.
HCF of both 1891 and 7991 will be 61, so the 2nd number will be 61.
By dividing we will get the 1st and 3rd number as 31 and 131.

92.
Using the concept of division method: the numbers will be 656 and 5984 and the sum of the
number will be 6640.
Step 1 : (Last divisor × last quotient)
16 × 5 = 80
Step 2 : The result of step 1 will be the divisor of step 2 and the divisor of step 1 will be the
remainder.
So,
(divisor × second quotient) + remainder
80 × 8 + 16 = 656
Step 3 : the result of step 2 will be the divisor of step 3 and the divisor of step 2 will be the
remainder of step 3
(divisor × second quotient)+ remainder
656 × 9 + 80 = 5984
Hence the result and the quotient of last step(step3) will be the numbers
Sum of numbers = 656 + 5984 = 6640

93.
The difference between the numbers will be 185,
Then the required number will be the difference between the numbers or the factor of the
difference, so the factor of 185 will be 37 which on dividing 211 and 396 gives the same
remainder.

45
Page No.45
94.
Let the Numbers are 4x and 4y.
Given that, their sum = 4x + 4y = 36 ⇒ x + y = 9
By checking the pairs will be (1,8), (2,7) and (4,5). Also (3,6) is not possible.
So, 3 pairs are possible.

95.
Let suppose Numbers are 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d.
So, LCM = 3abcd = 117
⇒ abcd = 39
So, the multiplication of all the numbers = 81abcd = 81 x 39 = 3159

96.
Let the Numbers are 2a and 2b because HCF is 2.
And LCM = 2ab = 84
⇒ ab = 42
By solving a and b will be 6 and 7, so the numbers will be 12 and 14,
Thus, the Sum of reciprocals = 1/6 + 1/7 = 13/84

97.
Property: If two numbers a and b are given then,
HCF(a, b) = HCF((LCM of a and b), (Sum of a, b))
So, HCF of 504 and 156 will be 12.
Let the numbers will be 12x and 12y
⇒ Sum = 12x + 12y = 156
⇒ x + y = 13 ..............(1)
And LCM = 12xy = 504
⇒ xy = 42 .................(2)
From eq. (1) and (2): x= 6 and y= 7
So the numbers will be 72 and 84.

98.
LCM x HCF = 1st no. x 2nd no. = 11 x 693 = 77 x 2nd no. = 2nd no. = 99.

99.
Given that LCM = 12HCF
Also, Sum of LCM and HCF = 12HCF + HCF = 13HCF
⇒ 13HCF = 403
⇒ HCF = 31
Thus, LCM = 12 x 31
Let the numbers are 31a and 31b.
Since HCF x LCM = Product of the two numbers
⇒ 31 x 12 x 31 = 31a x 31b
⇒ ab = 12
Thus, a = 3 and b = 4
So, numbers are 31 x 3 = 93, 31 x 4 = 124

46

Page No.46
100.
Given that, LCM + HCF = 592
and LCM - HCF = 518
By solving LCM = 555 and HCF = 37
So the numbers will be 37x and 37y.
So, LCM = 37xy = 555
⇒ xy = 15
Sum of two numbers= 37x + 37y = 296
⇒x+y=8
Thus, x= 5 and y=3
The numbers will be 185 and 111.

101.
Let the numbers be x and (x + 2).
Product of numbers = HCF × LCM
⇒ x(x + 2) = 24
⇒ x2 + 2x - 24 = 0
⇒ x2 + 6x - 4x - 24 = 0
⇒ x(x + 6) – 4(x + 6) = 0
⇒ (x – 4)(x + 6) = 0
⇒ x = 4, as x ≠ -6 = 0
Hence, Numbers are x = 4 and x + 2 = 6.

102.
Suppose 1st number is x then, 2nd number = 100 – x
LCM × HCF = 1st number × 2nd number
⇒ 495 × 5 = x × (100 – x)
⇒ 495 × 5 = 100x - x2
⇒ x2 – 55x - 45x + 2475 = 0
⇒ (x - 45) (x - 55) = 0
⇒ x = 45 or, x = 55
Then, difference = 55 - 45 = 10

103.
Let the number be 29x and 29y respectively where x and y are co-prime.
LCM of 29x and 29y = 29xy
Now, 29xy = 4147
⇒ xy = 4147/29 = 143
Thus, xy = 11 × 13
∴ Numbers are 29 × 11 = 319 and 29 × 13 = 377
∴ Required sum = 377 + 319 = 696

104.
Let HCF be H and LCM be L.
Then, L = 84H and L + H = 680
⇒ 84H + H = 680

47
Page No.47
⇒

∴ L = 680 – 8 = 672
∴ Other number

105.
Let the HCF of numbers = H
∴ Their LCM = 12H
According to the question,
12H + H = 403
⇒ 13 H = 403

⇒ LCM = 12 × 31
Now,
First number × second number = HCF × LCM
⇒ 93 × Second Number = 31 × 31 × 12
Second Number =

106.
Let the numbers be 3x and 3y
∴ 3x + 3y = 36
⇒ x + y = 12 ........... (i)
and, 3xy = 105 ………... (ii)
Dividing equation (i) by (ii), we have

107.
Let the numbers be 10x and 10y where x and y are co-prime to each other.
∴ LCM = 10xy
⇒ 10xy = 120
⇒ xy = 12
Possible pairs = (3, 4) or (1. 12)
∴ Sum of the numbers = 30 + 40 = 70

108.
Required
The maximum capacity of the vessel: = H.C.F. of (1139, 1411, 1649)
= H.C.F. of (1411-1139,1649-1411,1649-1139) = H.C.F. of (272,238,510) = 17
Hence the maximum possible size of the vessel to measure the diesel = 17 litres.

48

Page No.48
109.
The least number divisible by 8, 12 and 28 is 168.
Clearly, any multiple of 168 will be exactly divisible by each of the numbers 8, 12 and 28.
But since in this question we are asked to find the greatest number which is less than 900,
the greates multiple of 168 below 900 will be = 168*5 = 840

110.
Here, 8 = 2 × 2 × 2
and 12 = 2 × 2 × 3
and 16 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
and 28 = 2 × 2 × 7
So, LCM of (8,12,16,28) = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 2 × 7 = 336 seconds
= 336/60 = 5 minutes 36 seconds
∵ They start ringing at 1 o' clock
Hence, Together again they will ring at 1:05:36 o’ clock.

111.
Since each rod must cut into parts of equal length and each part must be as long as possible,
so HCF should be taken.
HCF of (210,225,285,315,345) = 15
⇒ No. of parts from 210 = 210/15 = 14
⇒ No. of parts from 225 = 225/15 = 15
⇒ No. of parts from 285 = 285/15 = 19
⇒ No. of parts from 315 = 315/15 = 21
⇒ No. of parts from 345 = 345/15 = 23
⇒ Maximum no. of pieces that can be cut = 14 + 15 + 19 + 21 + 23 = 92
∴ Answer is 92.

112.
Let the two numbers be a and b.
Given that,
............(i)

.............(ii)
From eq.(i) and (ii):

So,

49
Page No.49
113.
L.C.M. of 32 and 36 = 2×2×8×9 = 288
So, two particular teeth will touch each other after 288 teeth.
Now, in this duration, cycles completed by smaller gear = 288/32 = 9
And, In this duration, cycles completed by bigger gear = 288/36 = 8
But, speed of bigger gear = 64 cycles/sec
So, in 1 second, two particular teeth touch each other = 64/8 = 8 times
So, In 10 hours they will touch each other = 8×60×60×10 = 288000 times

114.
Let the numbers be 13x and 13y respectively.
13x × 13y = 6760
⇒ 169xy = 6760
⇒ xy = 40
Thus, Possible pairs (8,5), (10,4), (40,1), (20,2).
But we can take (8,5),(40,1) only.
So only 2 pairs are possible.

115.
Let the number be N.
A.T.Q.
7897 - r = N1
8110 - r = N2
8536 - r = N3
N2 - N1 = 213
N3 - N2 = 426

N3 - N1 = 639
Then , N = HCF(213,426,639)
N = 213
Hence the sum of digits of N = 2 + 1 + 3 = 6.

116.
x = k[LCM(12, 16, 18, 20, 25)] + 4
= 3600k + 4
It should be divisible by 7.
If k = 5, then only it is divisible by 7.
Hence, the number = x = 3600×5 + 4 = 18004
And the digit at the thousands place is 8.

117.
Largest five-digit number = 99999
LCM (8, 12, 15, 20) = 120

Required Number = 99999 - 39 = 99960.

50
Page No.50
118.
Let the numbers be xH and yH where H is the HCF and yH > xH.
⇒ LCM = xy H
∴ xyH = 2yH ⇒ x = 2
Again, xH - H = 4
⇒ 2H - H = 4 ⇒ H - 4
Smaller number = xH = 8

119.
We are interested in finding the largest 4-digit number which can be added to 7891 in order
to make the derived number divisible by each of 7, 11, 12, 27, and 28.
First of all, we will evaluate LCM of 7, 11, 12, 27, and 28
7=1×7
11 = 1 × 11
12 = 2 × 2 × 3
27 = 3 × 3 × 3
28 = 2 × 2 × 7
LCM(7, 11, 12, 27, and 28) = 7 × 11 ×33 × 22 = 8316
So required number = 8316 + (8316-7891) = 8741

120.
Given that the HCF and LCM of two numbers are 34 and 306 respectively
When the first number is divided by 2, the quotient is 17
Using remainder theorem
⇒ First number = (17)(2) + r, since r = 0.
So the first number is 34.
Now we know that Product of two numbers = LCM × HCF
Hence other number =

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