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    lecture 4

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    Gangani Chamika Ariyarathne

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    lecture 4

    Uploaded by

    Gangani Chamika Ariyarathne
    2 views20 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    2 views20 pages

    lecture 4

    Uploaded by

    Gangani Chamika Ariyarathne

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Principles of Object Oriented

    Programming (CS2012)
    Lecture 4
    Fundamental Principles of OOP
    Fundamental Principles of OOP
    • Inheritance
    – Inherit members from parent class
    • Abstraction
    – Define and execute abstract actions
    • Encapsulation
    – Hide the internals of a class
    • Polymorphism
    – Access a class through its parent interface
    Abstraction
    • Abstraction – we know what an object does and
    how to use it, but not how it does what it does
    – Ignoring irrelevant features, properties, or functions
    and emphasizing the relevant ones to a given project
    – E.g. a TV
    • Know what vs know how
    • Abstraction helps
    – managing complexity
    – Managing change
    – Code reuse
    Abstraction
    • Abstraction is something we do every day
    – Looking at an object, we see those things about it
    that have meaning to us
    – We abstract the properties of the object, and keep
    only what we need
    – E.g. students get "name" but not "color of eyes"
    • Allows us to represent a complex reality in terms
    of a simplified model
    • Abstraction highlights the properties of an entity
    that we need and hides the others
    Abstraction in Java
    • Interfaces
    • Abstract classes
    Abstract Classes (in Java)
    • Just like an ordinary class
    • But cannot be instantiated
    • Then how can it be used???
    Abstract Classes
    • Parent class contains the common
    functionality of a collection of child classes
    • But the parent class itself is too abstract to be
    used on its own
    • Impose what should be there but not how it
    should be done
    Abstract Class - Analogy
    • Vehicles
    • Birds
    Abstract Methods
    • If you want a class to contain a particular
    method but you want the actual
    implementation of that method to be
    determined by child classes
    • Can be included ONLY in an abstract class
    • Any child class must either override the
    abstract method or declare itself abstract
    Level of abstraction
    • Interfaces???
    • Abstract Classes???
    Interface or Abstract Class???
    • Use abstract class if
    – You think you will plan on using inheritance since
    it provides a common base class implementation
    to derived classes
    – You want to be able to declare non-public
    members.
    – If you think you will need to add methods in the
    future
    – If some methods have a common implementation
    across sub-classes
    Interface or Abstract Class???
    • Use interface if
    – You think that the API will not change for a while
    – When you want to have something similar to
    multiple inheritance, since you can implement
    multiple interfaces.
    Abstract Data Types
    • An abstract data type (ADT) is a model of a
    data structure that specifies:
    – The characteristics of the collection of data
    – The operations that can be performed on the
    collection
    • It is abstract because it doesn’t specify how
    the ADT will be implemented
    – A given ADT can have multiple implementations
    ADTs
    Abstract Data Types - Queue
    • A container for a group of data items
    – Queue<E>
    • Has specific characteristics
    – FIFO
    • Supports a set of operations
    – Insert
    – Remove
    – Examine
    Abstraction Example in Java Class
    Hierarchy
    • https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/collec
    tions/interfaces/queue.html

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