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EDU 340 TEST
NAME:SIKOMBE DIANA
STUDENT NUMBER:...................................................................
QUESTIONS ANSWERED: 1,2 and 4
1. Rostow's five stages of economic development
Walt Rostow's model, part of the modernisation theory, outlines a linear path of economic
development that countries follow to achieve growth.
The first stage of Rostov’s model is called traditional society and is characterised by
subsistence agriculture and limited technology. Societies at this stage have static economies
with little social mobility.
The second stage is referred to as preconditions for take-off. This stage involves the
development of more productive agricultural techniques and infrastructure investments,
leading to a more centralised state and a national outlook.
The third stage is called take-off and it marks a period of rapid growth in specific industries,
such as textiles or steel, driven by technological advancements and increased productivity.
This stage is crucial as it sets the foundation for sustained economic growth.
The fourth stage which is called drive to maturity, sees the economy diversifying further,
with new industries emerging and a significant increase in the standard of living.
Technological adoption becomes widespread, and the economy integrates more into the
global market.
Finally, the fifth stage which is the age of high mass consumption is characterised by a shift
from production to services, with high levels of consumer goods and services available to a
large portion of the population. This stage focuses on social welfare and security, with
increased investments in education and healthcare, reflecting a mature and developed
economy.
2. Justify the use of ICTs in the Zambian school curriculum

The integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the Zambian
school curriculum is essential for several reasons. Firstly, ICTs enhance learning and teaching
by providing interactive and engaging experiences that make complex subjects easier to
understand. They support diverse learning styles and can be tailored to individual student
needs, ensuring that all students benefit from the curriculum.
Secondly, ICTs provide access to a vast array of information and resources online, helping
students and teachers stay up-to-date with the latest developments in various fields. This
access is crucial for fostering a culture of continuous learning and innovation. Thirdly,
proficiency in ICT is essential for students to succeed in the modern workforce. ICT skills are
critical for problem-solving, critical thinking, and creativity, making them indispensable in
today's job market.
Moreover, ICTs improve communication between teachers, students, and parents, facilitating
better collaboration and support. They also streamline administrative tasks, such as record-
keeping, grading, and scheduling, making the management of educational resources more
efficient. Overall, the use of ICTs in the Zambian school curriculum is justified as it enhances
the quality of education and prepares students for future challenges.
4. Salient Features of Modernization Theory and Human Capital Theory
add a bit more information to this: i) Modernization Theory Modernization theory explains
how traditional societies transform into modern industrial ones, focusing on linear
progression through specific stages marked by social, economic, and cultural changes. Key
features include industrialization, technological advancement, and the adoption of Western
political and economic systems. It emphasizes increased urbanization, improved education,
and greater social mobility. Critics argue that it is ethnocentric and overlooks external factors
such as colonial history and global economic inequalities. ii) Human Capital Theory Human
capital theory highlights the role of education and skills in economic development, positing
that investments in education and training enhance individual productivity and economic
growth. It emphasizes education as a driver of development and suggests that well-educated
individuals are more innovative and productive. Key features include the importance of
lifelong learning and the idea that continuous investment in human capital is necessary for
maintaining productivity. Critics argue that it oversimplifies the relationship between
education and development and doesn't fully address issues of inequality and access to
education.
i) Modernization Theory
Modernization theory explains how traditional societies transform into modern industrial
ones, focusing on linear progression through specific stages marked by social, economic, and
cultural changes. Key features include industrialization, technological advancement, and the
adoption of Western political and economic systems. The theory emphasizes increased
urbanization, improved education, and greater social mobility as societies modernize.
Additionally, modernization theory suggests that the adoption of modern values, such as
individualism, secularism, and rationality, is essential for development. It posits that
traditional cultural and social structures must evolve to accommodate the demands of a
modern economy. Critics argue that it is ethnocentric and overlooks external factors such as
colonial history and global economic inequalities. They also contend that the theory imposes
a Western-centric model of development that may not be applicable or desirable for all
societies.
ii) Human Capital Theory
Human capital theory highlights the role of education and skills in economic development,
positing that investments in education and training enhance individual productivity and
economic growth. It emphasizes education as a driver of development and suggests that well-
educated individuals are more innovative and productive. Key features include the
importance of lifelong learning and the idea that continuous investment in human capital is
necessary for maintaining productivity.
The theory also underscores the economic benefits of education for both individuals and
society. Educated individuals are more likely to secure higher-paying jobs, contribute to
economic growth, and improve overall societal well-being. However, critics argue that it
oversimplifies the relationship between education and development and doesn't fully address
issues of inequality and access to education. They also point out that factors such as social
capital, economic policies, and institutional quality play significant roles in development,
which human capital theory may not adequately account for.
By understanding both theories, policymakers and educators can better design strategies that
promote comprehensive and inclusive development, recognizing the importance of both
structural changes and educational investments.

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EDU 340 TEST

1. Rostow's five stages of economic development

2. Justify the use of ICTs in the Zambian school curriculum

4. Salient Features of Modernization Theory and Human Capital Theory

ii) Human Capital Theory

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