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6 views32 pages

C1

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Sơn Đinh
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Microcontroller Course

Lecturer: Hoàng Thắng


Email: waveletthang@gmai.com
Phone: 0702509826
Đánh giá Trọng số
Chuyên cần 10%
Project
Hỏi -đáp 10%
Giữa kì 20%
Kiểm tra cuối kì 60%

7h 8h 9h 10h 11h 12h 12h30 1h30 2h30 3h30 4h30 5h30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Biên soạn: Bộ môn Ô tô
Chuẩn đầu ra của môn học
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM
AND CHIP DESIGN
System Example

What System mean


is an arrangement in which all its unit
assemble work together according to
a set of rules.
defined as a way of working,
organizing or doing one or many
tasks according to a fixed plan.
in a system, all its
subcomponents depend on
each other.
Embedded System
Definition Example

Embedded means something that is


attached to another thing.
a computer hardware system
having software embedded in it
An embedded system can be an
independent system or it can be a part of
a large system.
An embedded system is a microcontroller
or microprocessor based system which is
designed to perform a specific task.
Embedded system Component

Hardware Software RTOS


Embedded System Characteristics
Single Function
Tightly constrained
Size, Speed, Power ,Cost
Reactive and Real time
Microprocessors based
Memory
Connected
Connected peripherals to connect input and output devices.
HW-SW systems
Software is used for more features and flexibility. Hardware is used for
performance and security.
Basic Structure of Embedded System
Basic Structure of Embedded system
Sensor − It measures the physical quantity and converts it to an electrical signal which can be
read by an observer or by any electronic instrument like an A2D converter. A sensor stores the
measured quantity to the memory.
A-D Converter − An analog-to-digital converter converts the analog signal sent by the sensor into
a digital signal.
Processor & ASICs − Processors process the data to measure the output and store it
to the memory.
D-A Converter − A digital-to-analog converter converts the digital data fed by the processor
to analog data
Actuator − An actuator compares the output given by the D-A Converter to the actual (expected)
output stored in it and stores the approved output.
Microprocessor VS Microcontroller
Microcontroller Microprocessor
Single task oriented. multitasking in nature. Can perform
RAM, ROM, I/O Ports, and Timers cannot be multiple tasks at a time.
added externally. These components are to be RAM, ROM, I/O Ports, and Timers can be
embedded together on a chip and are fixed in added externally and can vary in numbers.
numbers.
Microprocessor VS Microcontroller
microprocessors microcontroller
Architecture CISC and Von-Neumann RICS and Harvard
RAM, ROM; secondary storage memory All these peripherals are
I/O peripherals, timers: counters are combined in single integrated
placed on board circuit(IC)
CPU speed High speed Low speed
Design time High design time Low design time
Protection Low security high security

Cost Depend on system Depend on system

Application In computation systems; defense system; Watches, cell phone; Mp3


network communication
CHIP DESIGN
• Semiconductor chips are used everywhere:
–Computers
–Cellular phones
–Tablets
–Smart Phones
–Gaming systems
–DVD players, TVs
–Watches
–Cars
–Medical devices
–Pacemakers and coffee pots
–Space stations
–Greeting cards
–. . .
IC products
• Processors
–CPU, DSP, Controllers
• Memory chips
–RAM, ROM, EEPROM
• Analog
–Mobile communication,
audio/video processing
• Programmable
–PLA, FPGA
• Embedded systems
–Used in cars, factories
–Network cards
• System-on-chip (SoC)
CHIP DESIGN

14
CHIP DESIGN
1.Specification - The logical functionality and electrical performance requirements like power, frequency,
etc. are defined.
2.Architecture Design - The block diagram showing the major IC components and interconnections is
created. Different architectures are analyzed.
3.Logic Design - The logical functionality is implemented at the transistor/gate level using languages like
VHDL or Verilog. Logic synthesis tools convert the design into gates.
4.Circuit Design - The electrical performance constraints are met by designing analog/mixed signal
circuits like PLLs, I/Os, etc. Extensive simulations are run to verify correct functionality.
5.Physical Design - The placement (layout) and routing of all circuits and components on the chip is
designed to optimize timing, power consumption, area, etc.
6.Verification and Testing - The IC layout and design undergoes extensive verification to ensure correct
functionality at each step. Once fabricated, chips are tested thoroughly.
7.Manufacturing - The final IC design data undergoes fabrication and packaging in a semiconductor
foundry to produce the finished silicon chips.

15
CHIP DESIGN
CHIP DESIGN
CHIP DESIGN

18
Chip Density
Number of
Chip density transistor
SSI 10
MSI (1960s) 100
LSI(1970s) 1000
VLSI(1980s) 10000
ULSI(now) 1000000

IC Manufacturing

Source :DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15096-0 19


Note: Công nghệ 3nm: Kích thước bóng bán dẫn là 3nm
• Why is Microelectronics / VLSI Circuits Design important? 33 973M US$
– Integrated Circuits (ICs) can be found in any applications 20 137M US$

[LaPedus - EETimes]

8 137M US$
CHIP DESIGN
Moore law
CHIP DESIGN
Microprocessor Trends (Intel)

Source: http://www.intel.com/pressroom/kits/quickreffam.htm, media reports


CHIP DESIGN
Morden processors
CHIP DESIGN
Technology Roadmap
CHIP DESIGN
Phases of IC Design
CHIP DESIGN
Specification
CHIP DESIGN
Specification Example
CHIP DESIGN

IC Design
CHIP DESIGN
Design Process
•Design process is the process of getting IC design from specification
CHIP DESIGN
Design Levels
CHIP DESIGN
Design Levels

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