1215442d-f573-4102-87c4-a36b900ae7c3 2
1215442d-f573-4102-87c4-a36b900ae7c3 2
1215442d-f573-4102-87c4-a36b900ae7c3 2
SMART REPORT
A comprehensive analysis of your health using
Blood, Physicals, and Health Questionnaire data
Prepared for
Harshit Sinha
Basic Info Patient ID
Male /28 Yrs OKH1799882
Table of contents
Your smart report includes the following sections.
04 Wellness Recommendations 15
05 References 16
06 Lab Report
Disclaimer
• This is an electronically generated report and is not a • Analysis uses the attached blood test report and Well
substitute for medical advice. Being Index Questionnaire data, if present, and urine
of any allergies or intolerances. • Tata 1mg is not liable for any direct, indirect, special,
• If you are pregnant or lactating, some of the consequential, or other damages. This report cannot be
recommendations and analyzed information in the used for any medico-legal purposes. Partial reproduction
Smart Report may not directly apply to you. Please of the test results is not permitted. Also, TATA 1mg Labs is
consult a doctor regarding your test results and not responsible for any misinterpretation or misuse of the
recommendations. information.
Patient ID Date of Collection
OKH1799882 28/11/24
For
Doctor Summary For Harshit Sinha
Comprehensive Platinum Full Body Checkup with Smart Report Male /28 Yrs
Note This is an electronically generated summary of the attached report. It is advised to read this summary in conjunction with the
attached report and to correlate it clinically. For the trends section, the out of range values are highlighted with respect to the
bio reference range of respective reports.
Test Name Result, 28/11/24 Bio. Ref. Interval Trends (For last three tests)
Erythrocyte Sedimentation
5 mm/hr 0 - 10 3 --- ---
Rate
C-Reactive Protein
2.20 mg/L 0 - 3.3 <4 --- ---
(Quantitative)
Glycosylated Hemoglobin
5.3 % 4 - 5.6 --- --- ---
(HbA1c)
Page 3/16
Patient ID Date of Collection
OKH1799882 28/11/24
For
Doctor Summary For Harshit Sinha
Comprehensive Platinum Full Body Checkup with Smart Report Male /28 Yrs
Note This is an electronically generated summary of the attached report. It is advised to read this summary in conjunction with the
attached report and to correlate it clinically. For the trends section, the out of range values are highlighted with respect to the
bio reference range of respective reports.
Test Name Result, 28/11/24 Bio. Ref. Interval Trends (For last three tests)
Microalbumin-Albumin/Cre
<30 mg/g Creatinine 0 - 29.99 --- --- ---
atinine Ratio
Page 4/16
Patient ID Date of Collection
OKH1799882 28/11/24
For
Doctor Summary For Harshit Sinha
Comprehensive Platinum Full Body Checkup with Smart Report Male /28 Yrs
Note This is an electronically generated summary of the attached report. It is advised to read this summary in conjunction with the
attached report and to correlate it clinically. For the trends section, the out of range values are highlighted with respect to the
bio reference range of respective reports.
Test Name Result, 28/11/24 Bio. Ref. Interval Trends (For last three tests)
Alanine Transaminase
46 U/L 10 - 49 --- --- ---
(SGPT)
Page 5/16
Patient ID Date of Collection
OKH1799882 28/11/24
For
Doctor Summary For Harshit Sinha
Comprehensive Platinum Full Body Checkup with Smart Report Male /28 Yrs
Note This is an electronically generated summary of the attached report. It is advised to read this summary in conjunction with the
attached report and to correlate it clinically. For the trends section, the out of range values are highlighted with respect to the
bio reference range of respective reports.
Test Name Result, 28/11/24 Bio. Ref. Interval Trends (For last three tests)
Rheumatoid Factor -
<9.3 IU/mL 0 - 14 --- --- ---
Quantitative
Hepatitis Bs (Surface)
NON REACTIVE NON-REACTIVE --- --- ---
Antigen
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
120 IU/mL 0 - 158 --- --- ---
Total
Page 6/16
Patient ID Date of Collection
OKH1799882 28/11/24
For
Wellbeing Index Harshit Sinha
Important Findings from your Wellbeing Index Male /28 Yrs
Physicals
Heart Age BP
Data not available Data not available
Disease Risks
Lifestyle Data
Page 7/16
Patient ID Date of Collection
OKH1799882 28/11/24
For
Important Parameters Harshit Sinha
From your Comprehensive Platinum Full Body Checkup with Smart Report Male /28 Yrs
Inflammatory markers
Helps to understand presence of an inflammation in the body. Inflammation is bodies defence
against infection or injury.
Page 8/16
Patient ID Date of Collection
OKH1799882 28/11/24
For
Important Parameters Harshit Sinha
From your Comprehensive Platinum Full Body Checkup with Smart Report Male /28 Yrs
Iron Studies
Iron is a vital mineral. It helps our blood cells to transport oxygen. Iron studies are used to assess level
of iron in blood and blood's ability to attach itself to iron.
Diabetes Profile
Measures the level of glucose in the body and helps identify the body's ability to process glucose. It
can be used for screnning as well as monitoring the treatment of diabetes.
Range: 0.70 - 1.30 Range: 3.5 - 7.2 Range: 132 - 146 Range: 3.5 - 5.5
Page 9/16
Patient ID Date of Collection
OKH1799882 28/11/24
For
Important Parameters Harshit Sinha
From your Comprehensive Platinum Full Body Checkup with Smart Report Male /28 Yrs
Lipid Profile
Measures the amount of Cholesterol and Triglycerides in your blood. This gives an insight into the
health of heart and blood vessels.
Range: 0 - 199.9 Range: <= 149.9 Range: >= 39.9 Range: 0 - 99.9
Range: 0 - 129.9
Cardiac Profile
A comprehensive blood test that offers detailed information about the risk of cardiovascular disease
(CVD) and the overall health of the heart.
Page 10/16
Patient ID Date of Collection
OKH1799882 28/11/24
For
Important Parameters Harshit Sinha
From your Comprehensive Platinum Full Body Checkup with Smart Report Male /28 Yrs
Range: 0 - 34 Range: 10 - 49
Pancreas Profile
Measures the levels of digestive enzymes, lipase and amylase, produced by the pancreas which can
be used to monitor the pancreatic health.
Amylase Lipase
65 U/L 40.0 U/L
Page 11/16
Patient ID Date of Collection
OKH1799882 28/11/24
For
Important Parameters Harshit Sinha
From your Comprehensive Platinum Full Body Checkup with Smart Report Male /28 Yrs
Crystals
Nil
Range: NIL
Page 12/16
Patient ID Date of Collection
OKH1799882 28/11/24
For
Important Parameters Harshit Sinha
From your Comprehensive Platinum Full Body Checkup with Smart Report Male /28 Yrs
Vitamin Profile
Vitamins are the essential nutrients for human life. This profile offers tests to check level of different
types of vitamin B, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K.
Arthritis Screening
Measures the amount of rheumatoid factor (RF) and Anti-CCP Antibody in the blood, which helps
diagnose or monitor rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and differentiates it from other types of arthritis.
Range: 0 - 14
Page 13/16
Patient ID Date of Collection
OKH1799882 28/11/24
For
Important Parameters Harshit Sinha
From your Comprehensive Platinum Full Body Checkup with Smart Report Male /28 Yrs
Hepatitis Screening
This test identifies the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus in the blood which may indicate current
hepatitis B infection.
Allergy Panel
This test aids in detecting various allergies, including seasonal, food, insect sting, and certain
disorders of immune system.
Range: 0 - 158
Page 14/16
Patient ID Date of Collection
OKH1799882 28/11/24
For
Recommendations Harshit Sinha
Male /28 Yrs
Care for better health and wellbeing
Lifestyle
Healthy Do's
Exercise Do's
Page 15/16
Patient ID Date of Collection
OKH1799882 28/11/24
For
References Harshit Sinha
Male /28 Yrs
From trusted sources
12 Smoking cessation
Age-friendly Primary Health Care Centres Toolkit. World Health Organization
13 Sleep Hygiene
Irish LA, et al. The role of sleep hygiene in promoting public health: A review of empirical evidence. Sleep Med Rev. 2015;22:23-36.
Page 16/16
PO No :PO2025631017-699
HAEMATOLOGY
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Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
As per the recommendation of International council for Standardization in Hematology, the differential leucocyte counts are
additionally being reported as absolute numbers of each cell in per unit volume of blood.
DHSS : Double Hydrodynamic Sequential System
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PO No :PO2025631017-699
HAEMATOLOGY
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Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate 5 mm/hr <=10 Capillary Photometry
Comment:
ESR provides an index of progress of the disease and is widely used as an indicator of inflammation, infection, trauma, or
malignant diseases. Changes are more significant than a single abnormal test
It is specifically indicated to monitor the course or response to the treatment of diseases like rheumatoid arthritis,
tuberculosis bacterial endocarditis ,acute rheumatic fever ,Hodgkins disease,temporal arthritis , and systemic lupus
erythematosis; and to diagnose and monitor giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica.
An elevated ESR may also be associated with many other conditions, including autoimmune disease, anemia,
infection,malignancy,pregnancy, multiple myeloma, menstruation, and hypothyroidism.
Although a normal ESR cannot be taken to exclude the presence of organic disease, its rate is dependent on various
physiologic and pathologic factors.
The most important component influencing ESR is the composition of plasma. High level of C-Reactive Protein, fibrinogen,
haptoglobin, alpha-1antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin and immunoglobulins causes the elevation of Erythrocyte Sedimentation
Rate.
Drugs that may cause increase ESR levels include: dextran, methyldopa, oral contraceptives, penicillamine, procainamide,
theophylline, and Vitamin A. Drugs that may cause decrease levels include: aspirin, cortisone, and quinine
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PO No :PO2025631017-699
HAEMATOLOGY
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HAEMATOLOGY
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Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
Interpretation: HbA1c%
≤5.6 Normal
5.7-6.4 At Risk For Diabetes
≥6.5 Diabetes
Comments:
A 3 to 6 monthly monitoring is recommended in diabetics. People with diabetes should get the test done more often if their blood
sugar stays too high or if their healthcare provider makes any change in the treatment plan. HbA1c concentration represent the
integrated values for blood glucose over the preceding 8-12 weeks and is not affected by daily glucose fluctuation, exercise &
recent food intake.
Please note, Glycemic goal should be individualized based on duration of diabetes, age/life expectancy, comorbid conditions,
known CVD or advanced microvascular complications, hypoglycemia unawareness, and individual patient considerations.
Factors that interfere with HbA1c Measurement: Hemoglobin variants, elevated fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and chemically modified
derivatives of hemoglobin (e.g. carbamylated Hb in patients with renal failure) can affect the accuracy of HbA1c measurements.
Factors that affect interpretation of HbA1c Measurement: Any condition that shortens erythrocyte survival or decrease mean
erythrocyte age (e. g., recovery from acute blood loss, hemolytic anemia, HbSS, HbCC, and HbSC) will falsely lower HbA1c test
results regardless of the assay method used. Iron deficiency anemia is associated with higher HbA1c.
Note: Presence of Hemoglobin variants and/or conditions that affect red cell turnover must be considered, particularly when the
HbA1c result does not correlate with the patient's blood glucose levels.
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BIOCHEMISTRY
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Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Glucose - Fasting
Glucose - Fasting 84 mg/dL 70 - 99 Hexokinase
Comment:
Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) fasting, means a person has an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes but does not
have it yet. A level of 126 mg/dL or above, confirmed by repeating the test on another day, means a person has diabetes.
IGT (2 hrs Post meal ), means a person has an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes but does not have it yet. A 2-hour
glucose level of 200 mg/dL or above, confirmed by repeating the test on another day, means a person has diabetes
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BIOCHEMISTRY
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Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Lipid Profile
Cholesterol - Total 173 mg/dL Desirable <200, Enzymatic
Borderline High 200-239,
High >=240
Triglycerides 152 mg/dL Normal: <150, GPO
Borderline: 150 - 199,
High:200-499,
Very High>=500
Cholesterol - HDL 34 mg/dL Undesirable/high risk Elimination/catalase
<40mg/dL
Desirable/low
risk>=60mg/dl
Cholesterol - LDL 108 mg/dL Desirable: <100 Calculated
Above desirable: 100 -
129
Borderline high : 130 -
159
High : 160 - 189
Very high : >=190
Cholesterol- VLDL 30 mg/dl <30 Calculated
Cholesterol : HDL Cholesterol 5.0 Ratio Desirable : 3.5-4.5 Calculated
High Risk : >5
LDL : HDL Cholesterol 3.15 Ratio Desirable : 2.5-3.0 Calculated
High risk : >3.5
Non HDL Cholesterol 139 mg/dl Desirable:< 130, Calculated
Above Desirable:130 -
159,
Borderline High:160 -
189,
High:190 - 219,
Very High: >= 220
Page 6 of 27
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Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
•Lipid profile measurements in the same patient can show physiological & analytical variations. It is recommended that 3 serial
samples 1 week apart may be tested.
•Indians are at a high risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD); at a much earlier age and more severe
with high mortality. Dyslipidemia (abnormal lipid profile) is the major risk factor and found in almost 80% Indians.
•Total cholesterol is the total amount of cholesterol in blood comprising of HDL, LDL-C, and VLDL.
•LDL Cholesterol (LDL-C) or “bad”cholesterol contributes most significantly to atherosclerosis leading to heart disease or
stroke and is the primary target for reducing risk for cardiovascular disease.
•High-density lipoprotein (HDL) or “good” cholesterol can lower risk of heart disease and stroke.
•Triglyceride (TG) level also plays a major role in CVD. Indians are more prone to Atherogenic dyslipidemia, a condition
associated with high TG, low HDL-C and high LDL-C; this is associated with diabetes, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.
Hence high triglyceride levels also need to be treated.
•Non-HDL-Cholesterol (Non-HDLC) measures all plaque forming lipoproteins (e.g. remnants, LDL-C, VLDL, Lp(a), Apo-B).
Monitoring of Non-HDLC is important in patients with high TG (e.g. diabetics, obese persons) and those already on statin
therapy.
•Lipid Association of India (LAI-2020) recommends:-
Screening of all Indians above the age of 20 years for CVD risk factors, esp. lipid profile.
Identification of Risk factors: Age (male ≥45 years, female ≥55 years); Family h/o heart disease at younger age (<55 yrs
in males, <65 yrs in female), Smoking/tobacco use, High blood pressure, Low HDL (males <40 mg/dl and females
<50mg/dl).
Fasting lipid profile is not mandatory for screening. Both fasting and non-fasting lipid profiles are equally important for
managing Indian patients.
Non-HDLC should be calculated in every subject. LAI recommends LDL-C as the primary target and Non-HDLC as the co-
primary target for initiating drug therapy.
Lifestyle modifications are of first and foremost importance for management and prevention of dyslipidemia. Among low
risk groups, treatment is started only after 3 months of lifestyle changes.
Testing for Apolipoprotein B, hsCRP, Lp(a ) should be considered for patients in moderate risk group.
Newer treatment goals based on Risk Groups and values of LDL-C and Non-HDLC
Page 7 of 27
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Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
•As per NCEP Expert Panel (2011) guidelines, universal screening for dyslipidemia is recommended for children between 9
- 11 yrs (repeat at 17-21 yrs). Screening is not recommended before the age of 2yrs. Above the age of 2 yrs, selective screening
is done in children with family history of premature CVD or risk factors like obesity, diabetes, and hypertension.
Note: Reference Interval as per National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Report.
Comment:
Raised ALT and AST indicate hepatocellular damage (e.g. viral or drugs etc). ALT is more liver-specific while AST is also
found in heart, skeletal muscle, and kidney. Mild elevation (less than twice normal) often resolves on its own. Fatty liver
disease (especially with metabolic syndrome) is a common cause in asymptomatic cases. Certain drugs (paracetamol,
statins), herbal supplements, energy drinks, and antibiotics may also affect liver function.
SGOT/SGPT Ratio: Typically <1 in healthy individuals (vary between 0.7-1.4; higher in women than men). High SGPT (ratio
<1) seen in acute or chronic hepatitis, autoimmune disorders, medications, toxins while ratio >1 indicates alcoholic
hepatitis, cirrhosis, metastasis or non-hepatic issues (hemolytic diseases, CVS disorders).
Elevated Alkaline Phosphatase and GGT: Suggest cholestatic diseases (e.g. bile duct obstruction, primary biliary
cirrhosis etc.) and can also be due to bone disease, pregnancy, chronic renal failure, malignancy, and congestive heart
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PO No :PO2025631017-699
BIOCHEMISTRY
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Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
failure.
High Bilirubin: Indicates jaundice due to increased RBC breakdown, liver damage (e.g., infections, toxins), or cholestasis
(e.g., gallstones, tumors).
High Protein Levels: Seen in dehydration (e.g., severe vomiting, diarrhea) or increased production (e.g., inflammation,
hematopoietic neoplasms). Low protein and albumin: Result from impaired synthesis (liver disease), decreased intake,
tissue damage, malabsorption, or increased renal excretion.
Comment:
BUN is directly related to protein intake and nitrogen metabolism and inversely related to the rate of excretion of urea.Blood
urea nitrogen (BUN) levels reflect the balance between the production and excretion of urea. Increased levels are seen in renal
failure (acute or chronic), urinary tract obstruction, dehydration, shock, burns, CHF, GI bleeding, nephrotoxic drugs. Decreased
levels are seen in hepatic failure, nephrotic syndrome, cachexia (low-protein and high-carbohydrate diets).
Urea is a non-proteinous nitrogen compound formed in the liver from ammonia as an end product of protein metabolism. Urea
diffuses freely into extracellular and intracellular fluid and is ultimately excreted by the kidneys. Increased levels are found in
acute renal failure, chronic glomerulonephritis, congestive heart failure, decreased renal perfusion, diabetes, excessive protein
ingestion, gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, hyperalimentation, hypovolemia, ketoacidosis, muscle wasting from starvation,
neoplasms, pyelonephritis, shock, urinary tract obstruction, nephrotoxic drugs. Decreased levels are seen in inadequate dietary
protein, low-protein/high-carbohydrate diet, malabsorption syndromes, pregnancy, severe liver disease, certain drugs.
Creatinine is catabolic product of creatinine phosphate, which is excreted by filtration through the glomerulus and by tubular
secretion. Creatinine clearance is an acceptable clinical measure of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Increased levels are seen in
acute/chronic renal failure, urinary tract obstruction, hypothyroidism, nephrotoxic drugs, shock, dehydration, congestive heart
failure, diabetes. Decreased levels are found in muscular dystrophy.
BUN/Creatinine ratio (normally 12:1–20:1) is decreased in acute tubular necrosis, advanced liver disease, low protein intake,
and following hemodialysis. BUN/Creatinine ratio is increased in dehydration, GI bleeding, and increased catabolism.
Uric acid levels show diurnal variation. The level is usually higher in the morning and lower in the evening. Increased levels are
seen in starvation, strenuous exercise, malnutrition, or lead poisoning, gout, renal disorders, increased breakdown of body cells
in some cancers (including leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma) or cancer treatments, hemolytic anemia, sickle cell
anemia, or heart failure, pre-eclampsia, liver disease (cirrhosis), obesity, psoriasis, hypothyroidism, low blood levels of
Page 9 of 27
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BIOCHEMISTRY
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Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
parathyroid hormone (PTH), certain drugs, foods that are very high in purines - such as organ meats, red meats, some seafood
and beer. Decreased levels are seen in liver disease, Wilson's disease, Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH),
certain drugs.
Calcium
Calcium 10.0 mg/dL 8.3-10.6 Arsenazo III
Comment:
Increased in: Hyperparathyroidism primary and secondary, Acute and chronic renal failure, Following renal transplantation,
Osteomalacia with malabsorption, Acute osteoprosis, Malignant tumours (specially of breast, lung and kidney), Drugs: Vit. D and
A intoxication, Diuretics, estrogen, androgen, tamoxifen, lithium
Decreased in: Hypoparathyroidism, Surgical and Idiopathic, Pseudohypoparathyroidism, Chronic renal disease with uremia and
phophate retention, Malabsorption of Calcium and Vit.D, obstructive jaundice, Bone Disease ( Osteomalacia and rickets), Drugs:
Cancer chemotherapy drugs, calcitonin, loop-actives diuretics, Hypomagnesemia,Hypoalbuminemia
Page 10 of 27
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BIOCHEMISTRY
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Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
Iron is an essential trace mineral element which forms an important component of hemoglobin, metallocompounds and Vitamin A.
Deficiency of iron is seen in iron deficiency and anaemia of chronic disorders.
Increased iron concentration are seen in hemolytic anaemias, hemochromatosis and acute liver disease. Serum Iron alone is
unreliable due to considerable physiologic diurnal variation in the results with highest values in the morning and lowest values in
the evening as well as variation in response to iron therapy .
Total Iron Binding capacity (TIBC) is a direct measure of the protein Transferrin which transports iron from the gut to storage
sites in the bone marrow. Increased levels of TIBC suggest that total iron body stores are low, increased concentration may be
the sign of Iron deficiency anaemia, polycythemia vera ,and may occur during the third trimester of pregnancy. Decreased levels
may be seen in hemolytic anaemia, hemochromatosis, chronic liver disease, hypoproteinemia ,malnutrition.
Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity (UIBC) is increased in low iron state and decreased in high iron concentration such as
hemochromatosis. In case of anaemia of chronic disease the patient may be anaemic but has adequate iron reserve and a low
uIBC.
Transferrin Saturation occurs in Idiopathic hemochromatosis and Transfusional hemosiderosis where no unsaturated iron
binding capacity is available for iron mobilization. Similar condition is seen in congenital deficiency of Transferrin.
Page 11 of 27
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BIOCHEMISTRY
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Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Lipase
Lipase 40.0 U/L 12–53 Colorimetric rate
Comment:
Pancreas is the major and primary source of serum lipase, though lipase is also secreted by the gastric and intestinal mucosa.
Lipase measurement in serum is used to diagnose acute pancreatitis.
After an attack of acute pancreatitis, serum Lipase activity increases within 4 to 8 hours,peaks at about 24 hours, and decreases
over 8 to 14 days. Concentrations often remain elevated longer than those of Amylase.The increase in serum Lipase activity is
not necessarily proportional to the severity of the attack.
Amylase
Amylase 65 U/L 30.0 - 118.0 Ethylidene Blocked-
pNPG7
Comment:
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BIOCHEMISTRY
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Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
conditions like penetrating peptic ulcers, duodenal obstruction, mumps, ectopic pregnancy, and severe diabetic
ketoacidosis.
In asymptomatic individuals, elevated amylase levels may be attributed to macroamylasemia or idiopathic
hyperamylasemia; amylase levels may fluctuate. Transient increases in amylase may also result from inflammation, alcohol
consumption, or medications such as aspirin, diuretics, oral contraceptives, corticosteroids, indomethacin, and opiates.
Low amylase levels are seen in chronic pancreatitis, congestive heart failure, 2nd & 3rd trimester of pregnancy,
gastrointestinal cancer & bone fractures. Highly lipemic samples may show falsely low amylase levels.
Lipoprotein(a)
Lipoprotein(a) 16.07 mg/dL <30.00 Latex microparticle-
enhanced
immunoturbidimetry
Comment:
Note: Lipoprotein(a)[ Lp(a)] is considered an important risk factor for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD).
* Lipoprotein (a) consists of an LDL particle that is covalently bound to an additional protein, apolipoprotein (a). Apo(a) has
high-sequence homology with the coagulation factor plasminogen and, like LDL, Lp(a) contains apolipoprotein B100 . Thus, Lp(a)
is both proatherogenic and prothrombotic. Lp(a) is an independent risk factor for CHD, Ischemic Stroke, and Aortic Valve
Stenosis.
* Lp(a) is highly heterogeneous molecule; the degree of atherogenicity of the Lp(a) particle may depend on the molecular size of
the Lp(a)-specific protein.
* Serum concentrations of Lp(a) are related to genetic factors, and are largely unaffected by diet, exercise and lipid -lowering
pharmaceuticals. However, in a patient with additional modifiable CHD risk factors, more aggressive therapy to normalize these
factors may be indicated if the Lp(a) value is also increased.
Usage:
Evaluation of increased risk for cardiovascular disease and events:
* In individuals at intermediate risk for cardiovascular disease
* In patients with early atherosclerosis
* In patients with strong family history of early CHD
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Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
High Sensitivity C- Reactive protein (hs-CRP)is used as a marker for determining and performing risk assessment of
cardiovascular disease (good marker for inflammation), often along with tests for Lipid profile.
The American Heart Association and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have defined risk groups as follows:
These values are only a part of the total evaluation process for cardiovascular diseases.
To assess vascular risk ,it is recommended to test hsCRP levels 2 or more weeks apart and calculate the average
Additional risk factors to be considered are elevated levels of lipids & glucose, smoking, high blood pressure (hypertension).
Anti inflammatory drugs (like aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen) or statins may reduce CRP levels in blood. It is important that any
person undergoing this test must be in a healthy state in order for the results to be of diagnostic value in predicting the risk of
coronary artery disease or heart attack. Any recent illness, tissue injury, infection, or other general inflammation will raise the
amount of hsCRP and give a falsely elevated estimate of risk.
Women on hormone replacement therapy have been shown to have elevated hs-CRP levels.
Note:
Since the hs-CRP and CRP tests measure the same molecule, people with chronic inflammation, such as those with arthritis,
should not have hs-CRP levels measured. Their CRP levels will be very high due to the arthritis/often too high to be measured or
meaningful using the hs-CRP test.
Comment:
Apolipoprotein A1
Apolipoproteins A1 (Apo A1) is the major apolipoprotein attached to HDL and is found in greater proportion than Apo A2
(3:1).
It is inversely related to the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD).
It may be a better predictor of atherogenic risk than HDL.
Page 14 of 27
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Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Apo A1 may be increased with Apo A1 may be decreased with
Drugs (carbamazepine, estrogens, ethanol,
Chronic renal failure
statins,niacin, oral contraceptives, phenobarbital)
Coronary artery disease and
Familial hyper alpha-lipoproteinemia
peripheral vascular disease
Drugs (androgens, beta
Physical excercise blockers, diuretics and
progestins)
Familial hypo alpha-
Pregnancy
lipoproteinemia
Smoking & Uncontrolled diabetes
Weight reduction
2
Apolipoprotein B
Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) is a major protein component of low density lipoprotien (LDL), Comprising >90% of the LDL. It is a
more powerful independent predictor of coronary artery disease (CAD) than LDL cholesterol. It is useful in assessing the
risk of CAD and to classify Hyperlipidemias.
Apolipoprotein studies help in monitoring coronary bypass surgery patients with regard to risk and severity of
restenosis.They are also useful in assessing risk of re-infarction in patients with Myocardial infarction .
In patients with hyperapobetalipoproteinemia (HALB), a disorder associated with increased risk of developing CHD and
with an estimated prevalence of 30% in patients with premature CAD, Apo B is increased disproportionately in LDL
cholesterol. Apo B quantitation is used in distinguishing HALB from another common lipoprotein abnormality, Familial
combined hyperlipidemia.
Elevated ApoB/ApoA1 ratio confers increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease independently of LDL and HDL
cholesterol concentrations.
Apo B to A1 ratio
Ratio Remarks
0.35- 0.98 Desirable
>0.98 Increased CAD risk
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Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
C-Reactive Protein [CRP] is an acute phase reactant ,hepatic secretion of which is stimulated in response to inflammatory
cytokines.
CRP is a very sensitive but nonspecific marker of inflammation and infection.
The CRP test is useful in patient with Inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, Autoimmune diseases, Pelvic inflammatory
disease (PID), tissue injury or necrosis and infections.
CRP levels can be elevated in the later stages of pregnancy as well as with use of birth control pills or hormone
replacement therapy i.e. estrogen. Higher levels of CRP have also been observed in the obese.
As compared to ESR, CRP shows an earlier rise in inflammatory disorders which begins in 4-6 hrs, he intensity of the rise
being higher than ESR and the recovery being earlier than ESR. Unlike ESR, CRP levels are not influenced by hematologic
conditions like Anemia, Polycythemia.
Comment:
The detection of Rheumatoid factor (RF) is one of the criteria of the American Rheumatism Association (ARA) for the
diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).
RF are heterogeneous group of auto antibodies directed against Fc- region of IgG molecules.
They are useful in diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis, but can also be found in other inflammatory diseases and in various
non-rheumatic diseases.
These occur in all the immunoglobulin classes, although the usual analytical methods are limited to the detection of
Rheumatoid Factors of the IgM type.Healthy individuals >65 years of age may also show positive RF results.
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Comment:
Microalbumin/Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (UACR) Categories
UACR
ACR Category Terms
(mg/g creatinine)
A1 <30 Normal
A2 30 - 299 Microalbuminuria
A3 >=300 Clinical Albuminuria
Note: ACR categories: A1 - normal to mildly increased; A2 - moderately increased; A3 - severely increased.
(Source- American Diabetes Association (ADA):Standards of Care in Diabetes-2024)
As per ADA, due to high biological variability (>20%) between measurements of urinary albumin excretion; two out of
three specimens collected within a 3-to 6-month period should be abnormal before considering albuminuria (after
excluding non-renal causes).
Certain factors may raise UACR even without kidney damage - physiological like exercise within 24 hours, menstruation,
pregnancy, benign postural proteinuria or pathological like infection (UTI), hematuria, fever, marked hyperglycemia,
congestive heart failure, marked hypertension & poor metabolic control. A high albumin-to-creatinine ratio can be due to
low urinary creatinine seen in females, low muscle mass, low protein intake or acute kidney injury.
A random spot urine sample can be used, but due to high variability, it is recommended that abnormal UACR (>= 30
mg/g) should be confirmed with subsequent first morning midstream sample or 24 hr urine collection.
Due to inherent day to day variability in albumin excretion, UACR is a better indicator than urine albumin alone.
Microalbuminuria is defined as the small but abnormal increase in the excretion of urinary albumin (30-300 mg/g
creatinine), but it is recommended to use the term albuminuria for ACR >= 30 mg/g creatinine.
Persistent albuminuria present for a minimum of 3 months is one of the diagnostic markers of kidney damage and used for
classification of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Clinical Utility: Useful in early screening of diabetic nephropathy, as a risk marker for stroke & heart disease and also for
classification and progression of CKD.
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Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
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PO No :PO2025631017-699
IMMUNOLOGY
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Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is the most important trigger molecule for allergic information.
As IgE is a mediator of allergic response, quantitative measurement can provide useful information for differential
diagnosis of atopic and non-atopic disease.
The level of IgE is low during the first year of life, gradually increases with age and reaches adult level after 10 years.
Uses
Increased Levels:
Atopic/Non-atopic allergy, Hyper IgE syndrome, Parasitic infections, IgE Myeloma, Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis,
Immunodeficiency states & Autoimmune diseases, Hodgkin’s disease,etc.
Decreased Levels:
Note:
Normal levels of IgE does not eliminate the possibility of allergic diseases
No close correlation has been demonstrated between severity of allergic reaction and IgE levels.
Thyroid Profile
T3, Total 1.26 ng/mL 0.60-1.81 CLIA
T4, Total 9.0 µg/dl 4.5-12.6 CLIA
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone - Ultra 1.632 uIU/ml 0.55-4.78 CLIA
Sensitive
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Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
Below mentioned are the guidelines for pregnancy related reference ranges for TSH, total T3 & Total T4.
Pregnancy
TSH (μIU/mL) (as per
American Thyroid Total T3 (ng/mL) Total T4(μg/dL)
Association )
1st trimester 0.1-2.5 0.81-1.90 7.33-14.8
2nd trimester 0.2-3.0 1.00-2.60 7.93-16.1
3rd trimester 0.3-3.0 1.00-2.60 6.95-15.7
TSH levels are subject to circadian variation, reaching peak levels between 2 - 4.a.m. and at a minimum between 6-10 pm
.
The variation is of the order of 50%, hence time of the day has influence on the measured serum TSH concentrations.
TSH is secreted in a dual fashion: Intermittent pulses constitute 60-70% of total amount, background continuous secretion
is 30-40%.These pulses occur regularly every 1-3 hrs.
Total T3 & T4 concentrations are altered by physiological or pathological changes in thyroxine binding globulin (TBG)
capacity .
The determination of free T3 & free T4 has the advantage of being independent of changes in the concentrations and
binding properties of the binding proteins.
Changes in thyroid status are typically associated with concordant changes in T3, T4 and TSH levels.
Unexpectedly abnormal or discordant thyroid test values may be seen with some rare, but clinically significant conditions
such as central hypothyroidism, TSH-secreting pituitary tumors, thyroid hormone resistance, or the presence of
heterophilic antibodies (HAMA) or thyroid hormone autoantibodies.
For diagnostic purposes, results should be used in conjunction with other data.
TSH T3 T4 Interpretation
High Normal Normal Subclinical Hypothyroidism
Low Normal Normal Subclinical Hyperthyroidism
High High High Secondary Hyperthyroidism
Low High/Normal High/Normal Hyperthyroidism
Non thyroidal illness / Secondary
Low Low Low Hypothyroidism
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Vitamin D (25-OH)
Vitamin D (25-OH) 18.4 ng/mL Deficiency:< 20, CLIA
Insufficiency:20-29,
Sufficiency:30 - 100,
Toxicity possible:> 100
Comment:
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble steroid prohormone involved in the intestinal absorption of calcium and the regulation of calcium
homeostasis.
Two forms of vitamin D are biologically relevant - vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) and vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol).
Both vitamins D3 and D2 can be absorbed from food but only an estimated 10-20perc. of vitamin D is supplied through
nutritional intake.
Vitamin D is converted to the active hormone 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D (Calcitriol) through two hydroxylation reactions. The
first hydroxylation converts vitamin D into 25-OH vitamin D and occurs in the liver. The second hydroxylation converts 25-
OH vitamin D into the biologically active 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D and occurs in the kidneys as well as in many other cells of
the body.
Most cells express the vitamin D receptor and about 3perc. of the human genome is directly or indirectly regulated by the
vitamin D endocrine system.
The major storage form of vitamin D is 25-OH vitamin D and is present in the blood at up to 1,000 fold higher
concentration compared to the active 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D. 25-OH vitamin D has a half-life of 2-3 weeks vs. 4 hours for
1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D. Therefore, 25-OH vitamin D is the analyte of choice for determination of the vitamin D status.
Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency include low sun exposure, inadequate intake, decreased absorption, abnormal
metabolism, vitamin D resistance and and liver or kidney diseases.
Vitamin D deficiency is a cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism and diseases resulting in impaired bone metabolism (like
rickets, osteomalacia).
Recently, many chronic diseases such as cancer, high blood pressure, osteoporosis and several autoimmune diseases
have been linked to vitamin D deficiency.
The assay measures both D2 (Ergocalciferol) and D3 (Cholecalciferol) metabolites of vitamin D
Page 21 of 27
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Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Utility Quantitative determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH vitamin D).
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 233.0 pg/ml 211 - 911 CLIA
Comment:
Vitamin B12 along with folate is essential for DNA synthesis and myelin formation.
Decreased levels a r e s e e n i n a n a e m i a , t e r m p r e g n a n c y , v e g e t a r i a n d i e t , i n t r i n s i c f a c t o r d e f i c i e n c y , p a r t i a l
gastrectomy/ileal damage, celiac disease, oral contraceptive use, parasitic infestation, pancreatic deficiency, treated
epilepsy, smoking, hemodialysis and advanced age.
Increased levels are seen in renal failure, hepatocelluar disorders, myeloproliferative disorders and at times with excess
supplementation of vitamins pills.
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Comment:
Folate plays an important role in the synthesis of purine & pyrimidines in the body and is important for the maturation of
erythrocytes. It is widely available from plants and to a lesser extent organ meats, but more than half the folate content of food
is lost during cooking. Folate deficiency is commonly prevalent in alcoholic liver disease, pregnancy, and the elderly. It may result
from poor intestinal absorption, nutrition deficiency, excessive demand as in pregnancy or in malignancy, and in response to
certain drugs like Methotrexate & anticonvulsants. It is now routine practice to recommend dietary folate supplements from
conception to the 12th week of pregnancy; such supplementation has been proven to reduce the incidence of neural tube
defects.
Decreased Levels: Megaloblastic anemia, Infantile hyperthyroidism, Alcoholism, Malnutrition, Scurvy, Liver disease, B12
deficiency, dietary amino acid excess, adult Celiac disease, Tropical Sprue, Crohn’s disease, Hemolytic anemias, Carcinomas,
Myelofibrosis, vitamin B6 deficiency, pregnancy, Whipple’s disease, extensive intestinal resection, and severe exfoliative
dermatitis.
Note:
Certain drugs like Pyrimethamine, methotrexate, and trimethoprim are all folate antagonists i.e. they stop the action of the folic
acid; phenytoin can decrease the intestinal absorption of folates, and ethanol both decreases absorption and increases
excretion of folic acid.
To differentiate vitamin B12 & folate deficiency, measurement of Methylmalonic acid in urine & serum Homocysteine level is
suggested.
Homocysteine
Homocysteine 27.89 µmol/L 3.7 - 13.9 CLIA
Comment:
Interpertation:
Increased levels are seen in deranged Vit B12 metabolism and form an independent marker for risk of thromboembolic episodes
in coronary artery disease (CAD)
Clinical Utility:
•Determine risk for heart disease, stroke and peripheral arterial blood vessel disease.
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Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
•Identify vitamin B12 deficiency or folic acid deficiency.
•Identify homocystinuria
The recommended use of Homocysteine (HCY) to assess risk factor for CAD are
•It is specially useful in young CAD patients (<40 years)
•In known cases of CAD,high HCYlevels should be used as a prognostic marker for CAD events and mortality.
•CAD patients with HCY levels >15 umol/L belong to high risk group.
•Increased HCY levels with low vitamin concentrations should be handled as a potential vitamin deficiency case .
High values of HCY are found in dietary deficiency of folic acid, vitamin B6, or vitamin B12, homocystinuria, chronic liver and
renal failure,post menopausal state , hypothyroidism, Alzheimer's disease,vaious neoplastic disease like cancers of ovary or
breast and Acute lymphoblastic leukemia,drugs (anti-anticonvulsants, antibiotics, theophylline, birth control pills, and
tamoxifen),alcoholism, smoking or tobacco usage.
Low values may be caused by some medicines or vitamins such as folic acid, vitamin B12, or niacin.
• Please note test values may vary depending on the assay method used.
• CLIA-Chemiluminescent Immunoassay
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Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
Limitations:
False Positive HBsAg can occur due to autoimmune diseases (such as lupus nephritis), recent Hepatitis B vaccinations
(which are typically transient but may persist longer in individuals undergoing hemodialysis), elevated biotin levels and
presence of Rheumatoid factor. Interference can also occur due to hemolytic, lipemic or icteric samples and high titers of
antibodies (e.g., anti-HBs antibodies).
Non-Reactive results in presence of persisting clinical symptoms, should be followed up by additional testing with different
method.
Results should be interpreted in conjunction with patient history and other hepatitis B serological markers for diagnosis of
acute and chronic infection.
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CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
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Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
•Note: Pre-test condition to be observed while submitting the sample-first void, mid stream urine, collected in a clean, dry, sterile
container is recommended for routine urine analysis, avoid contamination with any discharge from vaginal, urethra, perineum,
Avoid prolonged transit time & undue exposure to sunlight.
•During interpretation, points to be considered are Negative nitrite test does not exclude the urinary tract infections. Trace
proteinuria can be seen with many physiological conditions like prolonged recumbency, exercise, high protein diet. False positive
reactions for bile pigments, proteins, glucose and nitrites can be caused by peroxidase like activity by disinfectants, therapeutic
dyes, ascorbic acid and certain drugs.• Urine microscopy is done in centrifuged urine specimens
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Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Conditions of Laboratory Testing & Reporting:
Test results released pertain to the sample, as received. Laboratory investigations are only a tool to facilitate in arriving at a diagnosis and should
be clinically correlated by the interpreting clinician. Result delays may happen because of unforeseen or uncontrollable circumstances. Test report
may vary depending on the assay method used. Test results may show inter-laboratory variations. Test results are not valid for medico-legal
purposes. Please mail your queries related to test results to Customer Care mall ID care@1mg.com
Disclaimer: Results relate only to the sample received. Test results marked "BOLD" indicate abnormal results i.e. higher or lower than normal. All
lab test results are subject to clinical interpretation by a qualified medical professional. This report cannot be used for any medico-legal purposes.
Partial reproduction of the test results is not permitted. Also, TATA 1mg Labs is not responsible for any misinterpretation or misuse of the
information. The test reports alone may not be conclusive of the disease/condition, hence clinical correlation is necessary. Reports should be
vetted by a qualified doctor only.
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Ensuring accuracy IN every single report
Following a 3-step review process: