Class-7 le-3 notes

Class-7 Social Science
3. Local Self-government Rual And Urban Administration
New words:
1. Local Self-governement 9. Patwari
2. Adminstrative 10. Deputy Commissioner
3. Amenities 11. Municipalities
4. Panchayat Raj 12. Discretionary
5. Zilla Parishad 13. Lok Adalat
6. Sarpanch or Pradhan 14. Irregularity
7. Responsibilities 15. Grievances
8. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
III. Answer the following questions in brief.

1. What are the three levels of local self-government bodies under the Panchayat Raj system? Discuss.
A. The present form of Panchayat Raj administration is a uniform three-tier structure of panchayats at
i. Village (Gram Panchayat — GP),
ii. Intermediate or block (Panchayat Samiti — PS) and
iii. District (Zilla Parishad — ZP) levels.
All the seats in a panchayat at every level (Village) are to be filled by elections from respective
constituencies.
2. Who heads the Gram Panchayat? What is the role od Up-Pradhan?

A. The head of the Gram Panchayat is called the Pradhan or the Sarpanch.
The Up-Pradhan takes on the responsibilities of the village in the absence of the Sarpanch.
3. What is the Swatchh Bharat Abhiyan?

A. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan or Swachh Bharat Mission is a nation-wide cleanliness campaign established
by the Government of India. This Mission was launched on 2 October 2014. This campaign covers 4041
statutory towns to clean India's roads, streets, and infrastructure involving rural and urban
communities.
4. Name the local self-governing bodies in a city. How are they different from each other?
A. Urban administration is carried out by urban local bodies that are constituted as per the size of town
or city in India. There are three types of local self-governing bodies, they are
i. Municipal Corporations (Nagar Nigam)
ii. Municipal Councils or Municipality (Nagar Palika)
iii. City councils (Nagar Panchayat)
The differences between these local self-governing bodies lie in their size, scope of authority and
jurisdiction. Municipal Corporations generally have broader powers and responsibilities compared to
Municipal counsil and Nagar Panchayat.
• These bodies are responsible for managing and governing various aspects of the city, such as
infrastructure, public services, urban planning, and local regulations.
5. Mention the functions of urban local bodies.

A. Functions of Urban local bodies are as follows:
1. Obligatory functions include:
• Water supply, construction and maintenance of roads, streets, bridges, subways and other
public works.
• street lighting, drainage and garbage collection.
• prevention and control of epidemics
2. They also perform certain discretionary functions. They are
• construction and maintenance of rescue homes and orphanages.
• housing of low-income groups.
• provision of treatment facilities.
IV. Answer the following questions in detail:

1. What is the significance of local self-government in India?
A. The local self-government in India is of great importance because of the following reasons:
• Local people know their problems well, and hence, they can solve them better by taking part in
the local governance themselves.
• Participation of the local people in the process of governance generates a spirit of cooperation
and involves them in the decision-making process.
• Local self-government provides opportunities to the elected representatives to acquire training
and experience in adminstration.
• Local self-government lightens the burden of the central and state governments; it provides a
link between the people and the central government. It functions at the grassroots level.
2. Describe the main functions of the Gram Panchayat.

A. Functions of Gram Panchayat
i. Rural Development: Gram Panchayat is responsible for the overall development of the village.
This development helps the villagers to access their services easily.
ii. Health and Sanitation: Gram Panchayat is responsible for the overall health and hygiene of the
villagers. In order to maintain it, the members must ensure the proper development of
government hospitals, safe drinking water, campaigns on cleanliness and sanitation,
construction and maintenance of toilets, etc.
iii. Agricultural Development: Gram Panchayat must look into the production of the crops. Gram
Panchayat must provide support to the farmers by teaching them modern farming techniques,
increasing crop yields, and animal husbandry.
iv. Revenue Collection: The Gram Panchayat collects the revenue from the residents of the village
so that these taxes will be used for the overall development of the village.
v. Disaster Management: Gram Panchayat must make sure to manage natural disasters and
prepare for the emergencies such as floods, earthquakes, and droughts. This management will
ensure the proper security of the villagers in case of such disasters.
vi. Social Welfare: Gram Panchayat is responsible must promote various activities for the welfare of
the elderly, disabled, and economically disadvantaged individuals and their families.
vii. Women and Children Welfare: Gram Panchayat must ensure that the women and children must
be provided with healthcare and education. Child labor must be taken into consideration in
order to ensure that no such practice must be followed.
3. What is the composition of Municipal Corporations? Write the functions of Municipal Corporations?
A. Big cities with a population of more than 10 lakhs have Municipal Corporations. For example: Delhi,
Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bengaluruand Ahmedabad. The Municipal Corporations look after the
development of cities and towns.
Composition: The members of the Municipal Corporation are elected by the audit citizen of a city for a
term of five years. For the purpose of elections, the city is divided into wards. The Municipal
Corporation has a Municipal Commissioner or the Chief Executive officer who is appointed by the
state government. It is Commissioner's duty to ensure that the decisions made by the corporation are
implemented.
Functions: Some important functions of a Municipal Corporation are to arrange for the collection and
disposal of garbage, maintain a proper drainage system, establish hospitals and dispensaries in the
areas, registration of births and deaths, build and maintain schools at all levels.
4. What are the ways in which citizens may express their grievances if they are not satisfied with the
government or local civic bodies?
A. There are several ways in which citizens may express their grievances or protest in the case they are
not satisfied with the government or local civic bodies.
• Apart from holding dharnas, people can file cases in special courts such as the Lok Adalat.
• They can go to the consumer courts.
• They are entitled to use their Right to Information to obtain information from public
authorities.
• People may also sign petitions and send them to the Municipal Councillor, or write to
newspapers, inorder to be heard.
5. Explain the main features of Right of Information Act (RTI), 2005.

A. The Parliament passed the Right to Information Act in 2005.
• The main objective of the act is to empower citizens, promote transparency between the
government and citizens, contain corruption and make our democracy work for the people
effectively.
• It ensures citizens the right to secure access to information under control of public authorities.
• The Government of India has given this right to the citizens of India to ensure transparency and
accountability which are the hallmarks for good governance.

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Class-7 Social Science

3. Local Self-government Rual And Urban Administration

III. Answer the following questions in brief.

2. Who heads the Gram Panchayat? What is the role od Up-Pradhan?

3. What is the Swatchh Bharat Abhiyan?

5. Mention the functions of urban local bodies.

IV. Answer the following questions in detail:

2. Describe the main functions of the Gram Panchayat.

5. Explain the main features of Right of Information Act (RTI), 2005.

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