Urea Formaldehyde Lab Manual

Introduction to Polymer Science
EXPERIMENT NO: 4
Urea Formaldehyde
❖ AIM: Synthesis of Urea formaldehyde (U-F) resin.

❖ APPARATUS: Dropper, measuring cylinder, beakers, test tubes, glass rod, water bath,
Heating Mantle etc.
❖ CHEMICAL REQUIRED: Urea, 40% aquas formaldehyde solution or formalin, conc.
H2SO4.
❖ CHEMICAL REACTION:
1. Methylolation Reaction:
H2NCONH2 + CH2O H2NCONHCH2OH
2. Dimethylolation Reaction:
H2NCONHCH2OH + CH2O HOH2CNHCONHCH2OH
3. Overall Reaction:
n H2NCONH2 + 2n CH2O n HOH2CNCONHCH2 + H2O
❖ THEORY:
Amino resins are condensation products obtained by the reaction of formaldehyde with
nitrogen bearing compounds such as aniline, amides for example: melamine formaldehyde,
urea formaldehyde etc.
Urea formaldehyde is prepared by condensation reaction between urea and formaldehyde in

acidic or alkaline medium.
The first product formed during the formation of resin is monomethylol and dimethylol urea.
Polymerization can take place from mono or dimethylol urea or possibly through both, with
the formation of long chains.
A fully cross-linked urea formaldehyde resin can be obtained.
❖ PROCEDURE:
1. Take a 5 mL of 40% aqueous formaldehyde solution in a 100 mL beaker.
2. Add 2 g of urea powder. Stir with a glass rod to make a saturated solution.
3. Add a few drops of conc. H2SO4 and stir vigorously till a white solid mass is formed.
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4. Filter the residue and wash it several times with distilled water to remove any acid.
5. Dry the residue in folds of filter paper or in an oven and weigh.
6. Report the yield of urea formaldehyde polymer formed.
❖ OBSERVATION:
1. Weight of empty watch glass (W1) = 23.161 g.
2. Weight of watch glass + polymer formed (W2) = 29.985 g.
3. Weight of polymer formed (W2– W1) = 6.824 g.
❖ CALCULATION:
1. M.W. of Urea = 60 g/mol.
2. M.W. of Formaldehyde = 30 g/mol.
3. U/F Mole Ratio = 1:2
4. Weight of Urea = 2 g.
5. Weight of Formaldehyde = 5 g.
6. Moles of Urea = (Weight of Urea / M.W. of Urea)
= 2/60
= 0.0333 moles.
7. Moles of Formaldehyde = (Weight of Formaldehyde / M.W. of Formaldehyde)
= 5*0.40/30
= 0.0666 moles.
❖ RESULT: Weight of urea formaldehyde resin (W) = 6.824 g.
❖ PROPERTY:
• General Properties:
1. Chemical formula: (CH4N2O.CH2O) x
2. Density: 1280–1290 kg/m3
3. Melting point: 137.16 °C
4. Solubility: Completely miscible with water, methanol and ethanol
5. Colour: Milky white
6. State: Solid
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• Thermal Properties:
1. Glass Transition Temperature (Tg): 150 to 300 °C
2. Melting Point: 131.33 to 156.47 °C
3. Thermal Decomposition Temperature: 260 to 355 °C
4. Thermal Conductivity: 0.35 to 0.40 W/(m*K)
5. Specific Heat Capacity: 1.2 to 1.3 J/(g*K)
6. Viscosity: 350 - 800 mPa.s at 20 ºС
❖ APPLICATION:
1. Used for making buttons, bottle caps, cosmetic container closures etc.
2. As a binder of glass fibers, rock wool & plywood. Also used for electrical insulation
(switches, boards, desk lamp casing etc.).
3. Also used in agriculture as a controlled release source of nitrogen fertilizer.
❖ SAFETY AND HAZARDS:

• Description of first aid measures:
1. General information:
Take affected persons out of danger area and lay down. In case of irregular breathing or
respiratory arrest provide artificial respiration. Symptoms of poisoning may even occur
after several hours; therefore, medical observation for at least 48 hours after the accident.
2. After inhalation:
Supply fresh air or oxygen; call for doctor. In case of unconsciousness place patient stably
in side position for transportation.
3. After skin contact:
Immediately rinse with water. If skin irritation continues, consult a doctor.
4. After eye contact:
Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. Remove contact lenses, if
present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Seek medical treatment.
5. After swallowing:
Rinse out mouth and then drink plenty of water. Induce vomiting and call for medical help.
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• Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed:

1. Headache
2. Dizziness
3. Nausea
4. Intestinal disorders
• Firefighting measures:
1. Suitable extinguishing agents:
CO2, powder or water spray. Fight larger fires with water spray or alcohol resistant foam.
Use fire extinguishing methods suitable to surrounding conditions.
2. For safety reasons unsuitable extinguishing agents:
Water with full jet.
• Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture:
In case of fire, the following can be released:
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Formaldehyde, Ammonia & Formic Acid
• Handling and storage:
1. Precautions for safe handling:
Ensure good ventilation/exhaustion at the workplace. Open and handle receptacle with
care.
2. Information about fire and explosion protection:
Keep respiratory protective device available
3. Information about storage in one common storage facility:
Store away from oxidising agents like oxygen, hydrogen peroxide.
4. Further information about storage conditions:
Keep container tightly sealed.
Store containers in a well-ventilated area.
Store in cool, dry conditions in well-sealed containers.
Protect from heat and direct sunlight.
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❖ REFRENCES:
1. https://www.brcmcet.edu.in/downloads/files/n535b8b2307022.pdf
2. https://polymers.netzsch.com/Materials/Details/65
3. https://www.qafco.qa/sites/default/files/SDS_Urea_Formaldehyde_Concentrate_-UFC-
85%28GB%29_v5%20%28Word%20Document%29-2222.pdf
4. https://www.neochim.bg/files/sds_kfse1_en.pdf
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urea-formaldehyde
6. http://chm.sliet.ac.in/files/2021/08/BSCH-402-LAB-MANUAL.pdf
7. https://www.wctmgurgaon.com/pdf/chemistry%20lab%20manual..pdf
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Introduction to Polymer Science

❖ AIM: Synthesis of Urea formaldehyde (U-F) resin.

Urea formaldehyde is prepared by condensation reaction between urea and formaldehyde in

A fully cross-linked urea formaldehyde resin can be obtained.

❖ SAFETY AND HAZARDS:

• Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed:

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