Microbit Python
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amahoul40Microbit Python
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amahoul40Smart Home Kit for Micro:bit
(Python)
Contents
Smart Home Kit for Micro:bit ...................................................................... 1
(Python)....................................................................................................... 1
1.Introduction： .......................................................................................... 9
2.Description： .......................................................................................... 10
3.Preparations: .......................................................................................... 11
3.1Background Information about Micro:bit ...................................... 11
( 1 )What is Micro:bit? .................................................................. 11
( 2 )Layout .................................................................................... 13
( 3 ) Pinout ................................................................................... 14
( 4 )Notes for the application of Micro:bit main board ................ 15
3.2.Install Micro:bit driver ................................................................... 17
4.Python .................................................................................................... 17
4.1.Python ........................................................................................... 18
4.2.Mu ................................................................................................. 19
5. Projects： .............................................................................................. 29
Project 1: Heartbeat............................................................................ 29
(1)Project Introduction ................................................................. 29
(2)Preparations: ............................................................................ 29
1
(3)Test Code： .............................................................................. 30
(4)Test Results: ............................................................................. 40
(5)Code Explanation： ................................................................. 40
Project 2: Light A Single LED .............................................................. 41
(1) Project Introduction ................................................................ 41
(2)Preparations: ............................................................................ 41
(3)Test Code： ............................................................................. 42
(4)Test Results: ............................................................................. 45
(5)Code Explanation: .................................................................... 46
(6)Reference ................................................................................. 47
Project 3: LED Dot Matrix ................................................................... 47
(1) Project Introduction ................................................................ 47
(2)Preparations: ............................................................................ 48
(3)Test Code： .............................................................................. 48
(4)Test Results: ............................................................................. 51
(5)Code Explanation: .................................................................... 52
(6) Reference: ............................................................................... 53
Project 4: Programmable Buttons ....................................................... 53
(1) Project Introduction ................................................................ 53
(2)Preparations: ............................................................................ 54
(3)Test Code1： ............................................................................ 54
(4)Test Results1: ........................................................................... 57
2
(5)Test Code2： ............................................................................ 57
(6)Test Results2： ......................................................................... 61
(7)Code Explanation： ................................................................. 62
Project 5: Temperature Detection ....................................................... 64
(1) Project Introduction ................................................................ 64
(2)Preparations: ............................................................................ 64
(3)Test Code1: .............................................................................. 65
(4)Test Results1: ........................................................................... 68
(5)Test Code2: .............................................................................. 69
(6)Test Results2: ........................................................................... 72
(7)Code Explanation: .................................................................... 73
Project 6: Geomagnetic Sensor .......................................................... 74
(1) Project Introduction ................................................................ 74
(2)Preparations: ............................................................................ 75
(2) Test code1:： .......................................................................... 75
(4)Test Result1： .......................................................................... 78
(5)Test code2: ............................................................................... 79
(6)Test Results2: ........................................................................... 84
Project 7: Accelerometer..................................................................... 87
(1) Project Introduction ................................................................ 87
(2)Preparations: ............................................................................ 88
(3)Test Code1: .............................................................................. 88
3
(4)Test Results1： ......................................................................... 91
(5)Test code2: ............................................................................... 93
(6)Test Results2: ........................................................................... 97
(7)Code Explanation： ................................................................. 98
Project 8: Light Detection ................................................................. 100
(1) Project Introduction .............................................................. 100
(2)Preparations: .......................................................................... 100
(3)Test Code: .............................................................................. 100
(4)Test Results: ........................................................................... 103
(5)Code Explanation: .................................................................. 104
Project 9: Speaker ............................................................................. 105
(1) Project Introduction .............................................................. 105
(2)Preparations: .......................................................................... 105
(3)Test Code1: ............................................................................ 105
(4)Test Results1: ......................................................................... 108
(5)Test Code2： .......................................................................... 108
(6) Test Results2: ........................................................................ 112
(7)Code Explanation： ............................................................... 113
Project 10: Touch-sensitive Logo ...................................................... 115
(1) Project Introduction .............................................................. 115
(2)Preparations: .......................................................................... 116
(3)Test Code： ........................................................................... 116
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(4)Test Results: ........................................................................... 120
Project 11: Microphone .................................................................... 121
(1) Project Introduction .............................................................. 121
(2)Preparations: .......................................................................... 121
(3)Test Code： ........................................................................... 121
(4)Test Results1: ......................................................................... 124
(5)Test Code2： .......................................................................... 124
(6)Test Results2: ......................................................................... 127
(7)Code Explanation： ............................................................... 128
Project 12: Touch-sensitive Logo Controlled Speaker ...................... 130
(1) Project Introduction .............................................................. 130
(2)Components Needed: ............................................................ 130
(3)Connection Diagram: ............................................................. 130
(4)Test Code: .............................................................................. 130
(5)Test Results: ........................................................................... 134
(6)Code Explanation： ............................................................... 134
Project 13: Bluetooth Wireless Communication ............................... 135
7.Expansion Projects： ............................................................................ 136
Project 1：LED Blinks ........................................................................ 136
(1)Project Introduction ............................................................... 136
(2)About the Yellow LED： ......................................................... 138
(3)Test Code ............................................................................... 138
5
(4)Test Results: ........................................................................... 142
(5)Code Explanation： ............................................................... 143
Project 2：Breathing LED ................................................................. 144
(1) Project Introduction .............................................................. 144
(2)About the Yellow LED： ......................................................... 147
(3)Test Code ............................................................................... 148
(4)Test Results: ........................................................................... 151
(5)Code Explanation： ............................................................... 152
Project 3：6812 2x2 Full Color RGB .................................................. 152
(1)Project Introduction ............................................................... 152
(2)About the 6812 2x2 Full-color RGB:....................................... 153
(3)Test Code1 ............................................................................. 154
(4)Test Results1: ......................................................................... 158
(5)Test Code2: ............................................................................ 159
(6)Test Results2: ......................................................................... 164
(7)Test Code3: ............................................................................ 164
(8)Test Results3： ....................................................................... 168
(9)Code Explanation： ............................................................... 168
Project 4：PIR Motion Sensor .......................................................... 170
(1)Project Introduction ............................................................... 170
(2)About PIR Motion Sensor: ..................................................... 171
(3)Test Code: .............................................................................. 173
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(4)Test Results: ........................................................................... 176
(5)Code Explanation： ............................................................... 177
Project 5：Induction Lamp ............................................................... 178
(1)Project Introduction ............................................................... 178
(2)Test Code: .............................................................................. 178
(3)Test Results: ........................................................................... 182
(4)Code Explanation： ............................................................... 182
Project 6: Servo ................................................................................. 183
(1) Project Introduction .............................................................. 184
(2)Working Principle of Servo： ................................................. 184
(3)About the Servo: .................................................................... 186
(4)Test Code： ............................................................................ 187
(5)Test Results: ........................................................................... 191
Project 7: 130 Motor ......................................................................... 191
(1)Project Introduction ............................................................... 191
(2)Parameters： ......................................................................... 192
(3)Test Code 1:（high/low level control） .................................. 192
(4)Test Code2：（PWM control） .............................................. 196
(5)Test Results: ........................................................................... 199
Project 8：Lithium Battery Power Module ....................................... 199
(1)Project Introduction ............................................................... 199
(2) Parameters： ........................................................................ 200
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(3)Schematic Diagram： ............................................................ 201
(4)Features： .............................................................................. 201
Project 9：1602 LCD ......................................................................... 204
(1)Project Introduction ............................................................... 204
(3) About 1602 I2C： ................................................................. 205
(3)Test Code: .............................................................................. 205
(4)Test Results: ........................................................................... 213
Project 10：Steam Sensor ................................................................ 214
(1)Project Introduction ............................................................... 214
(2)About the Stream Sensor： ................................................... 215
(3)Test Code: .............................................................................. 215
(4)Test Results: ........................................................................... 219
Project 11：Rains Alarm ................................................................... 220
(1)Project Introduction ............................................................... 220
(2)Test Code: .............................................................................. 221
(3)Test Results: ........................................................................... 224
Project 12：Analog Gas（MQ-2）Sensor ......................................... 225
(1)Project Introduction ............................................................... 225
(2)About Analog Gas Sensor（MQ-2)：..................................... 226
(3)Test Code: .............................................................................. 228
(4)Test Results: ........................................................................... 231
Project 13：Gas Leakage Detector ................................................... 232
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(1) Project Description: .............................................................. 232
(2)Test Code: .............................................................................. 233
(3)Test Results： ......................................................................... 241
Project 14：Multiple Functions ........................................................ 242
(1)Project Description: ............................................................... 242
(2)Test Code: .............................................................................. 242
(3)Test Results: ........................................................................... 255
8.Resources:............................................................................................. 256
1.Introduction：
Fueled by the rapid development of technology, smart homes
automatically controlled remotely by smart phones and other devices have
become more common. For the same reason, they have increasingly
gained closer attention and caught people ‘s fancy.
Bearing the aim to make improvements in household living conditions, the
smart home system has been integrated with technologies including
computer science, telecommunication, automatic control and others and
emerged as a comprehensive and smart system featuring safety,
convenience, coziness, services , utility and environmental consciousness.
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2.Description：
Launched by Keyestudio, this smart home kit is based on the open-source
hardware of Micro:bit and designed for those who dream of living a more
comfortable life with the help of technologies.
This smart home system, with Micro:bit as its control board, is equipped
with a 1602 LCD, a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, an analog gas
sensor(MQ_2), a PIR motion sensor , a 6812 RGB module, a servo, a steam
sensor, a Micro:bit BT and other sensors.
With the help of these sensors, this kit can be applied to detect
temperature, humidity and the concentration of flammable gases in your
home and open and close doors. Furthermore, all the information detected
can display on 1602 LCD in real time available for you to check and monitor
via smart phones or iPad. By the way, it supports powering by solar energy
or via USB cable.
This tutorial programs in MicroPython language which is the Micro:bit
version of Python language. It will guide you to use software Mu to write
MicroPython language for Micro:bit main board to control the smart home
system. In this process, not only can you enhance your ability to make
stuffs but also learn the skills of programming.
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Python is one of the most popular programming language especially in
machine learning for its availability and accessibility have brought huge
convenience to this field. However, MicroPython is a lean and efficient
implementation of the Python programming language for microcontrollers
and embedded systems.
This tutorial is a Python tutorial for micro:bit smart home. If you haven't
learned the basic tutorial ( Makecode version of Tutorial), we strongly
recommend you to learn it first. Because the basic one is programmed
using graphical blocks, which is easier to understand and start.
3.Preparations:
3.1Background Information about Micro:bit
( 1 )What is Micro:bit?
Micro:bit is an open source hardware platform based on the ARM
architecture launched by British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) together
with ARM, Barclays, element14, Microsoft and other institutions. The core
device is a 32-bit Arm Cortex-M4 with FPU micro-processing.
Though it is just the size of a credit card, the Micro:bit main board is
equipped with loads of components,including a 5*5 LED dot matrix, 2
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programmable buttons, an accelerometer, a compass, a thermometer, a
touch-sensitive logo and a MEMS microphone, a Bluetooth module of low
energy, and a buzzer and others. Thus, it also boasts multiple functions.
The buzzer built in the other side of the board makes playing all kinds of
sound possible without any external equipment. The golden fingers and
gears added provide a better fixing of crocodile clips. Moreover, this board
has a sleeping mode to lower power consumption of batteries and it can
be entered if users long press the Reset & Power button on the back of it. It
is capable of reading the data of sensors, controlling servos and RGB lights
and attaching with a shield so as to connect with various sensors. It also
supports a variety of codes and graphical programming platforms, and is
compatible with almost all PCs and mobile devices. It has no need to install
drivers. It is of high integration of electronic modules, and has a serial port
monitoring function for easy debugging.
The board has found wild applications. It can be applied in programming
video games, making interactions between light and sound, controlling a
robot, conducting scientific experiments, developing wearable devices and
make some cool inventions like robots and musical instruments, basically
everything imaginable.
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( 2 )Layout
For the Micro: Bit main board, pressing the Reset & Power button , it will
reset the Micro: Bit and rerun the program.
For more information,please resort to following links：
https://tech.microbit.org/hardware/
https://microbit.org/new-microbit/
https://www.microbit.org/get-started/user-guide/overview/
https://microbit.org/get-started/user-guide/features-in-depth/
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( 3 ) Pinout
The functions of pins:
P0，P1，P2，P3，P4，P5，P6，P7，P8，P9，P10，P11，P12，
GPIO
P13，P14，P15，P16，P19，P20
ADC/DAC P0，P1，P2，P3，P4，P10
IIC P19（SCL），P20（SDA）
SPI P13（SCK），P14（MISO），P15（MOSI）
PWM（used
P0，P1，P2，P3，P4，P10
frequently）
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PWM（not
P5、P6、P7、P8、P9、P11、P12、P13、P14、P15、P16、P19、
frequently
P20
used）
P3(LED Col3)，P4(LED Col1)，P5(Button A)，P6(LED Col4)，
Occupied
P7(LED Col2)，P10(LED Col5)，P11(Button B)
Browse the official website for more details:
https://tech.microbit.org/hardware/edgeconnector/
https://microbit.org/guide/hardware/pins/
( 4 )Notes for the application of Micro:bit main board
a. It is recommended to cover it with a silicone protector to prevent short
circuit for it has a lot of sophisticated electronic components.
b. Its IO port is very weak in driving since it can merely handle current less
than 300mA. Therefore, do not connect it with devices operating in large
current, such as servo MG995 and DC motor or it will get burnt.
Furthermore, you must figure out the current requirements of the devices
before you use them and it is generally recommended to use the board
together with a Micro:bit shield.
15
c. It is recommended to power the main board via the USB interface or via
the battery of 3V. The IO port of this board is 3V, so it does not support
sensors of 5V. If you need to connect sensors of 5 V, a Micro: Bit expansion
board is required.
d. When using pins(P3、P4、P6、P7、P10)shared with the LED dot matrix,
blocking them from the matrix or the LEDs may display randomly and the
data about sensors connected maybe wrong.
e. Pin 19 and 20 can not be used as IO ports though the Makecode shows
they can. They can only be used as I2C communication.
f. The battery port of 3V cannot be connected with battery more than 3.3V
or the main board will be damaged.
g. Forbid to operate it on metal products to avoid short circuit.
To put it simple, Micro:bit V2 main board is like a microcomputer which has
made programming at our fingertips and enhanced digital innovation. And
as for programming environment, BBC provides a website:
https://microbit.org/code/, which has a graphical MakeCode program easy
for use.
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3.2.Install Micro:bit driver
Micro:bit is free of driver installation. However, in case your computer fail
to recognize the main board, you can install the diver too.
Just enter the link https://fs.keyestudio.com/KS4027-4028
to download the driver file of micro:bit in
file folder .
4.Python
The following instructions are applied for Windows system but can also
serve as a reference if you are using a different system.
This tutorial is written for Python language. If you want to use graphical
code programming, please refer to the manual "Makecode Tutorial.pdf". In
the root directory of the resource you downloaded, there is a folder named
"Python tutorial", which stores all the Python code of Microbit smart home.
The Python code file is a file ending with ".py".
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4.1.Python
Python is a scripting language. It has embraced a huge ecology after years
of development evidenced by the fact that many of hot artificial
intelligence are written in it. It is worth learning.
Micro:bit can be programmed in Python language. While since the
micro:bit main board is a microcontroller, the hardware difference makes
the micro:bit unable to fully support Python. Thus here comes the
MicroPython, which is specially designed for micro:bit and can be regarded
as the micro:bit version of Python.
MicroPython is a lean and efficient implementation of the Python 3
programming language that includes a small subset of the Python
standard library and is optimised to run on microcontrollers and in
constrained environments. It is very suitable for those who want to
continue to learn programming in depth, with a series of code snippets,
various images and music to help you program.
More details about it please log in official micro:bit website:
https://microbit-micropython.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/introducti
on.html
18
Python has two types of editors（web version and offline version).
Web version: https://python.microbit.org/v/1.1
The other one is the offline compiler tool -----Mu
(Download Mu：https://codewith.mu/en/download)
4.2.Mu
The official website for Mu is:
https://codewith.mu/.
Mu is a Python code editor for beginner programmers based on extensive
feedback given by teachers and learners.Mu doesn’t support 32-bit
Windows. The latest version is Mu 1.1.0-beta 2.
Follow steps below to install Mu:
Download Mu
Click“This PC”and right- click to select Properties to check the version of
your computer.
19
Below is shown system type of your computer.
20
Enter link: https://codewith.mu/en/download to download the
corresponding version of Mu.
Run and Install Mu
Find out the folder where Mu is downloaded and double-click file to install
21
Mu.
Installation for Mac OSX please refer to ：
https://codewith.mu/en/howto/1.1/install_macos .
The installation method is similar and we will demonstrate how to
download Mu on Windows 10.
Windows 10
You will view the page pop up, then click More info;
22
Then click“Run anyway”;
23
Check the license agreement and tick to agree and tap”Install”;
24
Just wait for a few seconds until the installation is finished;
25
Finally,click“Finish”.
26
Start Mu:
Click Mu icon to get started. It may take a while for the first time;
27
Mu’s main interface is shown below:
28
5. Projects：
Project 1: Heartbeat
(1)Project Introduction
This project is easy to conduct with a micro:bit main board, a Micro USB
cable and a computer.This experiment serves as a starter for your entry to
the magical programming world of Micro:bit.
(2)Preparations:
A. Attach the Micro:bit main board to your computer via the USB cable;
B.Open the offline version of Mu.
29
(3)Test Code：
Open Mu software, click Mode, then click“BBC micro：bit”and“OK”
Tap“Load”, select“Project 1：Heartbeat.py”file and click“open”:
File Route File Name
Type
Python KS4027 folder/Python Project 1 ：
file Tutorial/Python Heartbeat.py
Code/Project Code/Project
1：Heartbeat
30
There is another way to import code. Open Mu software and drag
file”Project1:Heartbeat.py”into it.
31
You can also input code in the edit window yourself.
(note:all English words and symbols must be written in English.)
32
The following is a list of built-in images.
• Image.HEART
• Image.HEART_SMALL
• Image.HAPPY
• Image.SMILE
• Image.SAD
• Image.CONFUSED
• Image.ANGRY
• Image.ASLEEP
• Image.SURPRISED
• Image.SILLY
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• Image.FABULOUS
• Image.MEH
• Image.YES
• Image.NO
• Image.CLOCK12, Image.CLOCK11, Image.CLOCK10, Image.CLOCK9,
Image.CLOCK8, Image.CLOCK7, Image.CLOCK6, Image.CLOCK5,
Image.CLOCK4, Image.CLOCK3, Image.CLOCK2,Image.CLOCK1
• Image.ARROW_N, Image.ARROW_NE, Image.ARROW_E,
Image.ARROW_SE, Image.ARROW_S, Image.ARROW_SW,
Image.ARROW_W, Image.ARROW_NW
• Image.TRIANGLE
• Image.TRIANGLE_LEFT
• Image.CHESSBOARD
• Image.DIAMOND
• Image.DIAMOND_SMALL
• Image.SQUARE
• Image.SQUARE_SMALL
• Image.RABBIT
• Image.COW
• Image.MUSIC_CROTCHET
• Image.MUSIC_QUAVER
• Image.MUSIC_QUAVERS
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• Image.PITCHFORK
• Image.PACMAN
• Image.TARGET
• Image.TSHIRT
• Image.ROLLERSKATE
• Image.DUCK
• Image.HOUSE
• Image.TORTOISE
• Image.BUTTERFLY
• Image.STICKFIGURE
• Image.GHOST
• Image.SWORD
• Image.GIRAFFE
• Image.SKULL
• Image.UMBRELLA
• Image.SNAKE，Image.ALL_CLOCKS，Image.ALL_ARROWS
Connect micro:bit board to computer with USB cable, click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
35
The code, even it is wrong, can be downloaded to micro:bit board
successfully, yet not working on micro:bit board.
Click“Flash”to download code to micro:bit.
36
Click“REPL”and press the reset button on micro:bit, the error information
will be displayed on REPL window, as shown below:
37
Click“REPL”again to turn off REPL mode, then you could refresh new code.
To make sure code correct, you only need to tap“Check”. The errors will be
shown on the window.
38
Modify the code according to the prompt and click“Check”.
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More tutorials, log in website please:https://codewith.mu/en/tutorials/.
(4)Test Results:
After uploading test code to micro:bit main board, clicking“Flash”again
and keeping the connection with the computer to power the main board,
the LED dot matrix shows pattern “ ”and then “ ”alternatively.
(5)Code Explanation：
from microbit import * Import the library file of micro：bit
while True: This is a permanent loop that makes
micro:bit execute the code of it.
display.show(Image.HEART) micro：bit shows “❤”
sleep(500) Delay in 500ms
display.show(Image.HEART_SMALL) micro：bit displays“ ”
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Project 2: Light A Single LED
(1) Project Introduction
The LED dot matrix consists of 25 LEDs arranged in a 5 by 5 square. In order
to locate these LEDs quickly, as the figure shown below, we can regarded
this matrix as a coordinate system and create two aces by marking those in
rows from 0 to 4 from top to bottom, and the ones in columns from 0 to 4
from the left to the right. Therefore, the LED sat in the second of the first
line is (1,0）and the LED positioned in the fifth of the fourth column is (3,4）
and others likewise.
(2)Preparations:
A. Attach the Micro:bit main board to your computer via the USB cable;
41
B.Open the offline version of Mu.
(3)Test Code：
Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 2： Light A Single LED.py”to
import code:
Type Route File Name
Python KS4027 folder/Python Project 2： Light A Single
file Tutorial/Python LED.py
Code/Project Code/Project
2： Light A Single LED
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.
(Note:all English words and symbols must be written in English)
42
Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The program proves wrong if
underlines and cursors are shown.
43
If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
44
(4)Test Results:
After uploading test code to micro:bit main board and powering the main
board via the USB cable, the LED in (1,0) lights up for 0.5s and the one in
(3,4) shines for 0.5s and repeat this sequence.
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(5)Code Explanation:
from microbit import * Import the library file
of micro：bit
val1 = Set Image() to val1
Image("09000:""00000:""00000:""00000:""00000:") Set pixel of LED on
micro:bit to the value
in 0~9
Pixel of each LED
on micro:bit can be set
val2 = in one of ten values
Image("00000:""00000:""00000:""00000:""00090:") If set pixel to 0
val3 = (zero) ，which means
Image("00000:""00000:""00000:""00000:""00000:") in close state, literally,
0 is brightness, 9 is
best brightness
Set Image() to val2
Set Image() to val3
while True: This is a
permanent loop that
makes micro:bit
execute the code of it.
display.show(val1)
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sleep(500) LED at (1,0) blinks
display.show(val3) for 0.5s
sleep(500)
display.show(val2)
sleep(500) LED at (3,4) flashes
display.show(val3) for 0.5s
sleep(500)
(6)Reference
sleep(ms) : delay time
For more details about delay, please refer to:
https://microbit-micropython.readthedocs.io/en/latest/utime.html
Project 3: LED Dot Matrix
(1) Project Introduction
Dot matrices are very commonplace in daily life. They have found wide
applications in LED advertisement screens, elevator floor display, bus stop
47
announcement and so on.
The LED dot matrix of Micro: Bit main board contains 25 LEDs in a grid.
Previously, we have succeeded in controlling a certain LED to light by
integrating its position value into the test code. Supported by the same
theory, we can turn on many LEDs at the same time to showcase patterns,
digits and characters.
What’s more, we can also click”show icon“ to choose the pattern we like
to display. Last but not the least, we can design patterns by ourselves as
well.
(2)Preparations:
A. Attach the Micro:bit main board to your computer via the USB cable;
B. Open the offline version of Mu.
(3)Test Code：
You could open“Project 3：LED Dot Matrix.py“file to Import code（How to
load the project code?）
File Route File Name
Type
Python KS4027 folder/Python Project 3 ： LED Dot
file Tutorial/Python Matrix.py
48
Code/Project Code/Project
3：LED Dot Matrix
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.
(note:all words and symbols must be written in English.)
49
Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The program proves wrong if
underlines and cursors are shown.
If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
50
(4)Test Results:
After uploading test code to micro:bit main board and powering the main
board via the USB cable, we find that the 5*5 dot matrix start to show
numbers 1,2,3,4 and 5, and then it alternatively shows a downward arrow
, word “Hello”, a heart pattern , an arrow pointing at northeast
, then at southeast , then at southwest , and then at
northwest .
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(5)Code Explanation:
from microbit import * Import the library file
of micro：bit
val =
Image("09000:""00000:""00000:""00000:""00000:") Set Image() to variable
val
display.show(val) micro:bit shows“→”
display.show('1') micro:bit shows“1”
sleep(500) Delay in 500ms
display.scroll("hello!") micro:bit scrolls to
show“hello!”
display.show(Image.HEART) micro:bit displays“ ”
pattern
display.show(Image.ARROW_NE) micro:bit shows
display.show(Image.ARROW_SE) “Northeast”arrow
display.show(Image.ARROW_SW) micro:bit displays
display.show(Image.ARROW_NW) “Southeast”arrow
micro:bit shows
“Southwest”arrow
micro:bit displays
“Northwest”arrow
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display.clear() The LED dot matrix of
micro:bit clears
(6) Reference:
display.scroll() ：
The display scrolls to show the values, if it is integer or float, we use str（）
to transfer into character strings.
More details, please refer to
https://microbit-micropython.readthedocs.io/en/latest/utime.html
Project 4: Programmable Buttons
(1) Project Introduction
Buttons can be used to control circuits. In an integrated circuit with a push
button, the circuit is connected when pressing the button and it is open the
other way around.
Both ends of button are like two mountains. There is a
river in between.
The internal metal piece connect the two sides to let the current pass, just
like building a bridge to connect two mountains.
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Micro: Bit main board boasts three push buttons, two are programmable
buttons(marked with A and B), and the one on the other side is a reset
button. By pressing the two programmable buttons can input three
different signals. We can press button A or B alone or press them together
and the LED dot matrix shows A,B and AB respectively. Let’s get started.
(2)Preparations:
A. Attach the Micro:bit main board to your computer via the USB cable;
B. Open the offline version of Mu.
(3)Test Code1：
Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 4：Code-1.py”to import code:
（How to load the project code?）
File Type Route File Name
Python KS4027 folder/Python Project 4：Code-1.py
file Tutorial/Python
Code/Project Code/Project
4：Programmable Buttons
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You can also input code in the editing window yourself.
(note:all words and symbols must be written in English)
Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The program proves wrong if
underlines and cursors are shown.
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If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
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(4)Test Results1:
After uploading test code to micro:bit main board and powering the main
board via the USB cable, the 5*5 LED dot matrix shows “A”if button A is
pressed and then released, “B” if button B pressed and released, and
“AB” if button A and B pressed together and then released.
(5)Test Code2：
Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 4：Code-2.py
”to import code:（How to load the project code?）
File Type Route File Name
Python KS4027 folder/Python Project 4：Code-2.py
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file Tutorial/Python
Code/Project Code/Project
4：Programmable Buttons
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.
(note:all English words and symbols must be written in English)
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Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The program proves wrong if
underlines and cursors are shown.
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Please notice that the following sentences are just for warning so the
presence of them doesn’t mean the code is wrong.
If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
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(6)Test Results2：
After uploading test code to micro:bit main board and powering the main
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board via the USB cable, when the button A is pressed, the LEDs turning
red increase while when the button B pressed, the LEDs turning red reduce.
(7)Code Explanation：
from microbit import * Import the library file of micro：
bit
while True: This is a permanent loop that
makes micro:bit execute the
code of it.
if button_a.is_pressed(): If button A is pressed
display.show("A") micro:bit shows“A”
elif button_a.is_pressed() and If button A and B are pressed at
button_b.is_pressed(): same time
display.scroll("AB") micro:bit displays“AB”
elif button_b.is_pressed(): If button B is pressed
display.show("B") micro:bit shows“B”
while button_a.is_pressed() == True: When the button A is pressed
sleep(10) Delay in 10ms to eliminate the
if button_a.is_pressed() == False: shaking of button A
a=a+1 when button A is released,
if(a >= 5): Variable a adds 1
a=5 If variable a≥5
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break Variable a=5
while button_b.is_pressed() == True: exit the loop
sleep(10) when button B is pressed
if button_b.is_pressed() == False: Delay in 10ms to eliminate the
a=a-1 shaking of button B
if(a <= 0): When the button B is released
a=0 Variable a reduces 1 gradually
break When a≤0
if a == 0: Variable a=0
display.show(val1) exit the loop
if a == 1: When a=0
display.show(val2) micro:bit shows pattern val1
if a == 2: When a=1
display.show(val3) micro:bit displays pattern val2
if a == 3: When a=2
display.show(val4) micro:bit shows pattern val3
if a == 4: If a=3
display.show(val5) micro:bit displays pattern val4
if a == 5: If a=4
display.show(val6) micro:bit shows pattern val5
If a=5
micro:bit displays pattern val6
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Project 5: Temperature Detection
(1) Project Introduction
The Micro:bit main board is not equipped with a temperature sensor, but
uses the temperature sensor built into NFR52833 chip for temperature
detection. Therefore, the detected temperature is more closer to the
temperature of the chip, and there maybe deviation from the ambient
temperature. The sensor can detect temperature of external environment
with the range of 40℃~105℃.
In this project, we use the sensor to test the temperature in the current
environment, and display the test results in the display data (device). And
then control the LED dot matrix to display different patterns by setting the
temperature range detected by the sensor.
Note: the temperature sensor of Micro:bit main board is shown below:
(2)Preparations:
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A. Attach the Micro:bit main board to your computer via the USB cable;
B. Open the offline version of Mu.
(3)Test Code1:
Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 5：Code-1.py”to import code:
File Type Route File Name
Python file KS4027 folder/Python Project 5：Code-1.py
Tutorial/Python
Code/Project
Code/Project 5 ：
Temperature Detection
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.(note:all English
words and symbols must be written in English)
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Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The program proves wrong if
underlines and cursors are shown.
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If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
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(4)Test Results1:
After downloading test code 1 to micro:bit board, keep USB connected and
click“REPL”and press the reset button on micro:bit. Then REPL window will
show the ambient temperature value, as shown below:( C stands for
temperature unit)
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(5)Test Code2:
Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 5：Code-2.py”to import code:
File Route File Name
Type
Python KS4027 folder/Python Project 5：Code-2.py
file Tutorial/Python
Code/Project Code/Project
5：Temperature Detection
69
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.(note:all English
words and symbols must be written in English)
The temperature value can be set in compliance with the real temperature.
Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The program proves wrong if
underlines and cursors are shown.
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If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
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(6)Test Results2:
After uploading the code 2 to the board, when the ambient temperature is
less than 35 ℃ , the 5*5 LED dot matrix shows . When the
temperature is equivalent to or greater than 35 ℃, the pattern
appears.
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(7)Code Explanation:
from microbit import * Import the library file of micro：
bit
while True: This is a permanent loop that
makes micro:bit execute the
code of it.
Temperature = temperature() Set temperature() to
Temperature
print("Temperature:", Temperature, "C") BBC micro:bit REPL prints
temperature value
sleep(500) Delay in 500ms
if temperature() >= 35: If temperature value ≥35℃
display.show(Image.HEART) micro:bit shows“♥”
else: If temperature value<35℃
display.show(Image.HEART_SMALL) micro:bit displays“ ”
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Project 6: Geomagnetic Sensor
(1) Project Introduction
This project aims to explain the use of the Micro: bit geomagnetic sensor,
which can not only detect the strength of the geomagnetic field, but also
be used as a compass to find bearings. It is also an important part of the
Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS).
Micro: Bit main board uses LSM303AGR geomagnetic sensor, which
supports four modes namely 100 kHz,400 kHz,1 MHz and 3.4 MHz and the
dynamic range of magnetic field is ±50 gauss.
In the board, the magnetometer module is used in both magnetic
detection and compass. In this experiment, the compass will be introduced
first, and then the original data of the magnetometer will be checked.The
main component of a common compass is a magnetic needle, which can
be rotated by the geomagnetic field and point toward the geomagnetic
North Pole (which is near the geographic South Pole) to determine
direction.
Attention: this geomagnetic sensor built in the board can help us
determine bearings by showing readings in the value from 0 to 360. And
the system will ask us to calibrate it the first time it is put into operation by
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rotating the board.Please note that metal materials around may attenuate
the accuracy of the reading and calibration.
(2)Preparations:
A. Attach the Micro:bit main board to your computer via the USB cable;
B.Open the offline version of Mu.
(2) Test code1:：
Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 6：Code-1.py”to import code:
File Type Route File Name
Python KS4027 folder/Python Project 6：Code-1.py
file Tutorial/Python
Code/Project
Code/Project 6
Geomagnetic Sensor
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.
(note:all English words and symbols must be written in English)
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Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The program proves wrong if
underlines and cursors are shown.
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If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
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Note: We need to calibrate micro：bit due to different magnetic field in
different areas. Micro:bit will prompt you to calibrate when you use it first
time.
(4)Test Result1：
After uploading test code1 to micro:bit main board and powering the
board via the USB cable, and pressing the button A, the board asks us to
calibrate compass and the LED dot matrix shows “TILT TO FILL SCREEN”.
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Then enter the calibration page. Rotate the board until all 25 red LEDs are
on as shown below.
After that, a smile pattern appears, which implies the calibration is
done. When the calibration process is completed, pressing the button A
will make the magnetometer reading display directly on the screen. And
the direction north, east, south and west correspond to 0°, 90°, 180° and
270° respectively.
(5)Test code2:
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For the below picture, the arrow pointing to the upper right when the value
ranges from 292.5 to 337.5. Because 0.5 can’t be input in the code, the
values we get are 293 and 338.
Then add other statements to make a set of complete code.
Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 6：Code-2.py”to import code:
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File Type Route File Name
Python KS4027 folder/Python Project 6：Code-2.py
file Tutorial/Python
Code/Project
Code/Project 6
Geomagnetic Sensor
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.(note:all English
words and symbols must be written in English)
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Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The program proves wrong if
underlines and cursors are shown.
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If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
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(6)Test Results2:
Upload code 2 and plug micro:bit into power. After calibration, tilt
micro:bit board, and the LED dot matrix displays the direction signs.
(6)Code Explanation：
from microbit import * Import the
library file of
micro：bit
compass.calibrate() Compass
calibration
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while True: This is a
permanent
loop that
makes
micro:bit
execute the
code of it.
if button_a.is_pressed(): When the
display.scroll(compass.heading()) button A is
pressed
Micro:bit
scrolls to show
the value of
compass
x=0 Set variable
x=0
x = compass.heading() Set the value of
compass to
variable x
if...elif...else Condition
judgement
statement:if...el
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se if...else
display.show(Image("00999:""00099:""00909:""09000:""9 Micro:bit
0000")) shows the
display.show(Image("99900:""99000:""90900:""00090:""0 Northeast
0009")) arrow sign
display.show(Image("00900:""09000:""99999:""09000:""0 Micro:bit
0900")) shows the
display.show(Image("00009:""00090:""90900:""99000:""9 Northwest
9900")) arrow sign
display.show(Image("00900:""00900:""90909:""09990:""0 Micro:bit
0900")) shows the west
display.show(Image("90000:""09000:""00909:""00099:""0 arrow sign
0999")) Micro:bit
display.show(Image("00900:""00090:""99999:""00090:""0 shows the
0900")) Southwest
display.show(Image("00900:""09990:""90909:""00900:""0 arrow sign
0900")) Micro:bit
shows the
South arrow
sign
Micro:bit
shows the
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South arrow
sign
Micro:bit
shows the East
arrow sign
Micro:bit
shows the
North arrow
sign
Project 7: Accelerometer
(1) Project Introduction
The Micro: Bit main board V2 has a built-in LSM303AGR gravity
acceleration sensor, also known as accelerometer, with a resolution of
8/10/12 bits. The code section sets the range to 1g, 2g, 4g, and 8g.
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We often use accelerometer to detect the status of machines.
In this project, we will introduce how to measure the position of the board
with the accelerometer. And then have a look at the original three-axis data
output by the accelerometer.
(2)Preparations:
A. Attach the Micro:bit main board to your computer via the USB cable;
B. Open the offline version of Mu.
(3)Test Code1:
Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 7：Accelerometer-1.py”to
import code:
（How to load the project code?）
File Type Route File Name
Python KS4027 folder/Python Project 7 ：
file Tutorial/Python Accelerometer-1.py
Code/Project
Code/Project 7 ：
Accelerometer
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.(note:all English
words and symbols must be written in English)
88
Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The program proves wrong if
underlines and cursors are shown.
89
If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
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(4)Test Results1：
After uploading the test code 1 to micro:bit main board and powering the
board via the USB cable, if we shake the Micro: Bit main board，no matter at
any direction, the LED dot matrix displays the digit “1”.
When it is kept upright（make its logo above the LED dot matrix）, the
number 2 shows.
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When it is kept upside down( make its logo below the LED dot matrix) , it
shows as below.
When it is placed still on the desk, showing its front side, the number 4
appears.
When it is placed still on the desk, showing its back side, the number 5
exhibits.
When the board is tilted to the left , the LED dot matrix shows the number
6 as shown below.
When the board is tilted to the right , the LED dot matrix displays the
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number 7 as shown below：
When the board is knocked to the floor, this process can be considered as
a free fall and the LED dot matrix shows the number 8. (Please note that
this test is not recommended for it may damage the main board.)
Attention: if you’d like to try this function, you can also set the acceleration
to 3g, 6g or 8g. But still ,we do not recommend.
(5)Test code2:
Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 7：Accelerometer-2.py”to
import code:
File Route File Name
Type
Python KS4027 folder/Python Project 7 ：
file Tutorial/Python Accelerometer-2.py
Code/Project Code/Project
7：Accelerometer
93
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.(note:all English
words and symbols must be written in English)
Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The program proves wrong if
underlines and cursors are shown.
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If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
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After referring to the MMA8653FC data manual and the hardware
schematic diagram of the Micro: Bit main board, the accelerometer
coordinate of the Micro: Bit are shown in the figure below:
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(6)Test Results2:
Upload the test code 1 to micro:bit main board and power the board via
the USB cable.
Click“REPL”and press the reset button. The value of acceleration on X axis,
Y axis and Z axis are shown below:
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(7)Code Explanation：
from microbit import * Import the library file of micro：bit
gesture = Set accelerometer.current_gesture()
accelerometer.current_gesture() to gesture
while True: This is a permanent loop that makes
micro:bit execute the code of it.
if gesture == "shake": Shaking micro:bit board, number 1
display.show("1") will appear
if gesture == "up": When log points to the North,
display.show("2") number 2 will show up.
if gesture == "down": When log points to the South,
display.show("3") number 3 will be shown
if gesture == "face up": When the LED dot matrix is upward,
display.show("4") the number 4 is shown.
if gesture == "face down": the number 5 is displayed when the
display.show("5") LED dot matrix is downward.
if gesture == "left": When Micro:bit board is tilt to the
display.show("6") left, number 6 is shown.
if gesture == "right": When micro:bit is tilt to the right
display.show("7") When Micro:bit board is inclined to
if gesture == "freefall": the right, number 7 is displayed.
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display.show("8") When it is free fall(accidentally
making it fall), number 8 appears on
dot matrix.
x = accelerometer.get_x() Read the acceleration value on x
y = accelerometer.get_y() axis，the return value is integer, and
z = accelerometer.get_z() set x= the read value on x axis
Read the acceleration value on y
axis，the return value is integer, and
set y= the read value on y axis
Read the acceleration value on z
axis，the return value is integer, and
set z= the read value on z axis
print("x, y, z:", x, y, z) The value of acceleration will be
shown
sleep(100) Delay in 100ms
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Project 8: Light Detection
(1) Project Introduction
In this project, we focus on the light detection function of the Micro: Bit
main board. It is achieved by the LED dot matrix since the main board is not
equipped with a photoresistor.
(2)Preparations:
A. Attach the Micro:bit main board to your computer via the USB cable;
B. Open the offline version of Mu.
(3)Test Code:
Enter Mu software and open the file“project 8：Light Detection.py”to
import code:
（How to load the project code?）
File Type Route File Name
Python file KS4027 folder/Python project 8：Light Detection.py
Tutorial/Python
Code/Project Code/Project
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8：Light Detection
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.
(note:all English words and symbols must be written in English)
Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The program proves wrong if
underlines and cursors are shown.
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If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
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(4)Test Results:
Upload the test code to micro:bit main board, power the board via the USB
cable and click “Show console Device”.
Download code onto micro:bit board, don’t plug off USB cable. Click
“REPL”and press the reset buttons, the light intensity value will be
displayed, as shown below.
When the LED dot matrix is covered by hand, the light intensity showed is
approximately 0; when the LED dot matrix is exposed to light,the light
intensity displayed gets stronger with the light.
The 20 in the code is an arbitrary value of light intensity. If the current light
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level is less than or equal to 20, the icon moon will appear on the LED dot
matrix. If it's bigger than 20, the sun will appear.
(5)Code Explanation:
from microbit import * Import the library file of micro：bit
gesture = Set accelerometer.current_gesture()
accelerometer.current_gesture() to gesture
while True: This is a permanent loop that makes
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micro:bit execute the code of it.
Lightintensity = Set display.read_light_level() to
display.read_light_level() Lightintensity
print("Light intensity:", BBC microbit REPL prints the
Lightintensity) detected light intensity value
sleep(100) Delay in 100ms
Project 9: Speaker
(1) Project Introduction
Micro: Bit main board has an built-in speaker, which makes adding sound
to the programs easier. It can also be programmed to air all kinds of tones,
like playing the song Ode to Joy.
(2)Preparations:
A. Attach the Micro:bit main board to your computer via the USB cable;
B.Open the offline version of Mu.
(3)Test Code1:
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Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 9：Speaker-1.py”to import
code:
（How to load the project code?）
File Type Route File Name
Python file KS4027 folder/Python Project 9 ：
Tutorial/Python Speaker-1.py
Code/Project
Code/Project 9：Speaker
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.
(note:all English words and symbols must be written in English)
106
Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The underlines and cursors
signal that the program is wrong.
If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
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(4)Test Results1:
After uploading the test code1 to micro:bit main board and powering the
board via the USB cable, the speaker utters sound and the LED dot matrix
shows the logo of music.
(5)Test Code2：
Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 9：Speaker-2.py”to import
code:
（How to load the project code?）
108
File Type Route File Name
Python file KS4027 folder/Python Project 9 ：
Tutorial/Python Speaker-2.py
Code/Project Code/Project
9：Speaker
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.
(note:all English words and symbols must be written in English)
Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The underlines and cursors
109
signal that the program is wrong.
If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
110
The musical score of Ode to Joy is attached below:
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Find more information about musical notations via this link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numbered_musical_notation
(6) Test Results2:
After uploading the test code2 to micro:bit main board and powering the
board via the USB cable, the speaker on built-in the Micro:bit board plays
the sound Ode to Joy and the LED dot matrix shows the logo of music.
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(7)Code Explanation：
from microbit import * Import the library of micro：bit
import audio Audio library
while True: This is a permanent loop that
makes micro:bit execute the code
of it.
audio.play(Sound.GIGGLE) Emit the“giggle”sound
display.show（Image.MUSIC_QUAVER） Music logo shows on the LED dot
matrix on the micro:bit
import music Import music library controlling
sounds
tune = [ "E5:4"， "E5:4"， "F5:4"， Create variable”tune”to save
"G5:4"， "G5:4"， "F5:4"， notes
"E5:4", "D5:4"， "C5:4"，
"C5:4"， "D5:4"， "E5:4"，
"E5:4"， "D5:4", "D5:4"，
"E5:4"， "E5:4"， "F5:4"，
"G5:4"， "G5:4"， "F5:4",
"E5:4"， "D5:4"， "C5:4"，
"C5:4"， "D5:4"， "E5:4"，
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"D5:4", "C5:2"， "C5:4"，
"D5:4"， "D5:4"， "E5:4"，
"C5:4"， "D5:4", "E5:2"，
"F5:2"， "E5:4"， "C5:4"，
"D5:4"， "E5:2"， "F5:2",
"E5:4"， "D5:4"， "C5:4"，
"D5:4"， "G4:4"， "E5:4"，
"E5:4", "E5:4"， "F5:4"，
"G5:4"， "G5:4"， "F5:4"，
"E5:4"， "D5:4", "C5:4"，
"C5:4"， "D5:4"， "E5:4"，
"D5:4"， "C5:2"， "C5:4",
"D5:4"， "D5:4"， "E5:4"，
"C5:4"， "D5:4"， "E5:2"，
"F5:2", "E5:4"， "C5:4"，
"D5:4"， "E5:2"， "F5:2"，
"E5:4"， "D5:4", "C5:4"，
"D5:4"， "G4:4"， "E5:4"，
"E5:4"， "E5:4"， "F5:4",
"G5:4"， "G5:4"， "F5:4"，
"E5:4"， "C5:4"， "C5:4"，
"C5:4", "D5:4"， "E5:4"，
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"D5:4"， "C5:2"， "C5:4"，
"D5:4"， "C5:2", "C5:4"，
"G5:4"， "F5:4"， "E5:2"，
"E5:4"， "C5:4"， "B5:4",
"A5:2"， "A5:4"， "F5:2"，
"D5:2"， "C5:2"， "B4:2"，
"D5:2", "B4:2"， "A4:2"，
"G4:2"， "A4:2"， "B4:2"，
"C5:2"， "E5:2", "D5:2"，
"B4:2"， "C5:4"， "C5:2"，
"C5:1"， "C5:4" ]
music.play(tune) Use the function play（）to play the
notes reserved in “tune”
sleep(1000) delay in 1000ms
Project 10: Touch-sensitive Logo
(1) Project Introduction
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The Micro: Bit main board V2 is equipped with a golden touch-sensitive
logo, which can act as an input component and function like an extra
button.
It contains a capacitive touch sensor that senses small changes in the
electric field when pressed (or touched), just like your phone or tablet
screen do.When you press it , you can activate the program.
(2)Preparations:
A. Attach the Micro:bit main board to your computer via the USB cable;
B.Open the offline version of Mu.
(3)Test Code：
Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 10：Touch-sensitive Logo.py”
to import code:
（How to load the project code?）
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File Type Route File Name
Python file KS4027 folder/Python Project 10：Touch-sensitive
Tutorial/Python Logo.py
Code/Project Code/Project
10：Touch-sensitive Logo
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.
(note:all English words and symbols must be written in English)
How Micro:bit works?
A. The runtime is recorded in milliseconds(ms) .
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B. When you press button A, a variable named start is set to the current
running time.
C. When you press button B, the start time will be subtracted from the new
running time to calculate how much time has passed since you started
the stopwatch. This difference is added to the total time, which is stored
in a variable named time.
D. If you press the golden logo, the program will display the total elapsed
time on the LED display. It converts time from milliseconds
(thousandths of a second) to seconds by dividing by 1000. It uses the
integer division operator to give an integer (integer) result.
E. The program is also controlled by a Boolean variable named running.
Boolean variable can only have two values: true or false. If "running" is
"true", it means that the stopwatch has started. If "running" is false, it
means that the stopwatch has not started or has stopped.
F. If "running" is true, the beating heart pattern is displayed on the LED
dot matrix screen.
G. (7) If the stopwatch has stopped and the "running" is false, when you
press the golden logo, it will only display the time.
H. If the stopwatch has been started and"running" is true, it only need to
ensure that the time variable will only change when button B is pressed,
and the code can also prevent false readings.
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Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The underlines and cursors
signal that the program is wrong.
If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
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(4)Test Results:
Upload the test code to micro:bit main board and power the board via the
USB cable, and press button A to start the stopwatch. When timing, the
beating heart pattern will be displayed on the LED dot matrix screen. Press
button B to stop it and you can start and stop it at any time. It will keep
recording time, just like a real stopwatch. Press the golden logo on the
front of the micro:bit to display the measured time in seconds. And time
can be reset to zero by pressing the reset button on the back of it.
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Project 11: Microphone
(1) Project Introduction
The Micro: Bit main board is built with a microphone which can test the
volume of ambient environment. When you clap, the microphone LED
indicator turns on. Since it can measure the intensity of sound, you can
make a noise scale or disco lighting changing with music. The microphone
is placed on the opposite side of the microphone LED indicator and in
proximity with holes that lets sound pass.When the board detects sound,
the LED indicator lights up.
(2)Preparations:
A. Attach the Micro:bit main board to your computer via the USB cable;
B.Open the offline version of Mu.
(3)Test Code：
Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 11：Microphone-1.py”to
import code:
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（How to load the project code?）
File Type Route File Name
Python file KS4027 folder/Python Project 11 ：
Tutorial/Python Microphone-1.py
Code/Project Code/Project
11：Microphone
You can also input code in the editing window yourself. (note:all English
words and symbols must be written in English)
Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The underlines and cursors
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signal that the program is wrong.
If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
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(4)Test Results1:
After uploading test code to micro:bit main board and powering the board
via the USB cable, the LED dot matrix displays pattern “ ”when you
claps and pattern when it is quiet around.
(5)Test Code2：
Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 11：Microphone-2.py”to
import code:
（How to load the project code?）
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File Route File Name
Type
Python KS4027 folder/Python Project 11 ：
file Tutorial/Python Microphone-2.py
Code/Project Code/Project
11：Microphone
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.
(note:all English words and symbols must be written in English)
Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The underlines and cursors
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signal that the program is wrong.
If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
Upload test code to micro:bit main board, power the board via the USB
cable
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(6)Test Results2:
Upload test code to micro:bit main board and power the board via the USB
cable. When the button A is pressed, the LED dot matrix displays the value
of the biggest volume( please note that the biggest volume can be reset
via the Reset button on the other side of the board ) while when clapping,
the LED dot matrix shows the pattern of the sound.
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(7)Code Explanation：
from microbit import * Import the library of
micro：bit
while True: This is a permanent loop
that makes micro:bit
execute the code of it.
if microphone.current_event() == If there is a sound
SoundEvent.LOUD: LED shows
display.show(Image.HEART) Delay in 200ms
sleep(200) if no sound is detected
if microphone.current_event() == LED lights show
SoundEvent.QUIET:
display.show(Image.HEART_SMALL)
print("Light intensity:", Lightintensity) BBC microbit REPL prints
the detected light
intensity value
maxSound = 0 The initial value of
maxSound is 0
lights = Assign Image() to
Image("11111:""11111:""11111:""11111:""11111 variable lights
")
soundLevel = microphone.sound_level() Assign
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microphone.sound_level
() to the variable
soundLevel
if button_a.is_pressed(): if the button A is pressed
display.scroll(maxSound) LED lights show the
else: sound value
soundLevel = microphone.sound_level() If not
display.show(lights * soundLevel) Assign
if soundLevel > maxSound: microphone.sound_level
maxSound = soundLevel () to the variable
soundLevel
As the sound changes，
the micro:bit will display
the breathing light effect
If the sound value is
higher than its maximum
value
the maximum sound
value is equal to sound
level value
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Project 12: Touch-sensitive Logo Controlled Speaker
(1) Project Introduction
In the previous projects, we have learned about the touch-sensitive logo
and the speaker respectively. In the project, we will combine these two
components to play music. That’s the logo will be applied to control the
speaker to sing songs.
(2)Components Needed:
Micro:bit main USB cable*1
board *1
(3)Connection Diagram:
Attach the Micro:bit main board to your computer via the USB cable.
(4)Test Code:
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Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 12：Touch-sensitive Logo
Controlled Speaker.py”to import code:
（How to load the project code?）
File Route File Name
Type
Python KS4027 folder/Python Project 12：Touch-sensitive Logo
file Tutorial/Python Controlled Speaker.py
Code/Project Code/Project
12 ： Touch-sensitive Logo
Controlled Speaker
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.
(note:all words and symbols must be written in English)
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Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The underlines and cursors
signal that the program is wrong.
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If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
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(5)Test Results:
After uploading test code to micro:bit main board and powering the board
via the USB cable, the speaker plays the song Happy Birthday to You when
the logo is touched.
(6)Code Explanation：
from microbit import * Import the library of micro：bit
while True: This is a permanent loop that
makes micro:bit execute the
code of it.
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display.show（Image.MUSIC_QUAVER） Music logo shows on the LED
dot matrix on the micro:bit
if pin_logo. is_touched( ): When the logo is touched, it
executes the following
command
music.play（music.BIRTHDAY） The speaker plays the
song”Happy Birthday to You”
Project 13: Bluetooth Wireless Communication
With 16k RAM, micro:bit owns a low-consumption Bluetooth module and
support Bluetooth communication. However, BLE heap stack occupies 12K
RAM, which implies that there is no enough space to run microPython.
At present, microPython doesn’t support Bluetooth.
https://microbit-micropython.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ble.html
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7.Expansion Projects：
The former 14 projects are the introduction of sensors and modules. The
further lessons are challenging for new starters.
Note: (G), marked on each sensor and module, is the negative pole and
connected to “G”, ”-”or “GND”on the sensor shield or control board ;
(V) is the positive pole and linked with V , VCC, + or 5V on the sensor shield
or control board. And you need to connect a power in case that power
supply is weak.
Project 1：LED Blinks
(1)Project Introduction
We’ve set up the micro:bit smart home. Now let’s get started from the
most simple experiment---LED blinks.
LED is a type of semiconductor called "Light Emitting Diode "which is an
electronic device made of semiconductor materials (silicon, selenium,
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germanium, etc.). It features unidirectional conductivity, that is, the
positive voltage is applied to the anode (long leg) and the cathode (short
leg) of the diode. when the voltage of its anode is higher than the voltage
of its cathode, thus, the diode is turned on(LED is on). When a reverse
voltage is applied to the anode and cathode, the diode is
disconnected(that is, the LED is off). Therefore, the disconnection and
connection of the diode is equivalent to turning on and off LED.
Light-emitting diodes have an anode (+) and a cathode (-), and they can
only allow current to flow from one anode to the cathode. The
components will be damaged if LED is directly connected to the power
supply. It’s essential that a certain resistor must be connected in series in
the LED circuit.
This LED module can be controlled by a basic code to turn on and off the
light alternatively, simulating the breathing effect. And the time gap can be
changed in the code. When the signal end S is at high level,the LED lights
up while when it is at low level the LED reminds off.
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(2)About the Yellow LED：
Working DC 3.3-5V
Voltage:
Working < 20mA
current：
Max 0.1W
Power：
Control Digital ports
Ports: (digital
input）
Working -10 ° C ~
Temperat +50°C
ure：
Display Yellow
Color：
(3)Test Code
Micro：bit
Yellow LED
Expansion
Module
Board
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GND G
5V V
S（16） S
Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 1：LED Blinks.py”to import
code:
（How to load the project code?)
File Route File Name
Type
Python KS4027 folder/Python Project 1：LED
file Tutorial/Python Blinks.py
Code/Expansion Project
Code/Project 1：LED Blinks
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.
(note:all words and symbols must be written in English)
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Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The underlines and cursors
signal that the program is wrong.
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If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
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(4)Test Results:
Upload the test code to the micro:bit，plug in power, dial the DIP switch to
ON and press“1”on the rocket switch.
The micro:bit will show smile expression，and a yellow LED will flash with an
interval of 1000ms.
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(5)Code Explanation：
from microbit import * Import the library file of micro：
bit
display.show(Image.HAPPY) The LED dot matrix on the
microbit displays a "smiley face"
pattern
while True: This is a permanent loop that
makes micro:bit execute the
code of it.
Pin16.write_digital(1) Control pin 16 to output high
level to light up the LED
Pin16.write_digital(0) Control pin 16 to output low
level, turn off the LED
sleep(1000) Delay in 1000 ms
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Project 2：Breathing LED
(1) Project Introduction
In previous lesson, we control LED on and off and make it blink.
In this project, we will control LED’s brightness through PWM simulating
breathing effect. Similarly, you can change the step length and delay time
in the code so as to demonstrate different breathing effects.
PWM is a means of controlling the analog output via digital means. Digital
control is used to generate square waves with different duty cycles (a signal
that constantly switches between high and low levels) to control the analog
output.In general, the input voltages of ports are 0V and 3V. What if the
1.5V is required? Or a switch among 1V, 1.5V and 3V? We cannot change
resistors constantly. For this reason, we resort to PWM.
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For Micro:bit digital port voltage outputs, there are only LOW and HIGH
levels, which correspond to the voltage outputs of 0V and 3V respectively.
You can define LOW as“0”and HIGH as“1”, and let Micro:bit output five
hundred“0”or‘1’within 1 second. If output five hundred‘1”, that is 3V;
if all of which is‘0’,that is 0V; if output 250 01 pattern, that is 1.5V.
This process can be likened to showing a movie. The movie we watch are
not completely continuous. Actually, it generates 25 pictures per second,
which cannot be told by human eyes. Therefore, we mistake it as a
continuous process. PWM works in the same way. To output different
voltages, we need to control the ratio of 0 and 1. The more‘0’or‘1’
output per unit time, the more accurate the control.
In the graphic below, the green lines represent a regular time period. This
duration or period is the inverse of the PWM frequency. In other words,
with Micro:bit's PWM frequency at about 500Hz, the green lines would
measure 2 milliseconds each. A call to analogWrite() is on a scale of 0-255,
such that analogWrite(255) requests a 100% duty cycle (always on), and
analogWrite(127) is a 50% duty cycle (on half the time).
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PWM is applied to light brightness adjustment, speed adjustment of motor
and sound emitting
Parameters of PWM：
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A.pulse width (minimum / max)
B.Pulse cycle (insertion of pulse frequency within 1 second)
C.Voltage level（0V-3V）
D.There are commonly used PWM ports, namely P0, P1, P2, P3, P4 and P10.
And there are other rarely used ports, namely P5, P6, P7, P8, P9, P11, P12,
P13, P14, P15, P16, P19 and P20.
In the experiment, we connect the port S of yellow LED Module to the port
S (16) of the expansion board. And P16 can also be used as a PWM
interface.
(2)About the Yellow LED：
Working DC 3.3-5V
Voltage:
Working < 20mA
Current：
Max 0.1W
Power：
Control digital port
Port: （ digital
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input）
Working -10 ° C ~
Temperat +50°C
ure：
Display Yellow
Color：
(3)Test Code
Micro:bit Yellow
Expansion LED
Board Module
GND G
5V V
S（16） S
Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 2：Breathing LED .py”to import
code:
（How to load the project code?)
File Route File Name
Type
Python KS4027 folder/Python Project 2：Breathing
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file Tutorial/Python LED .py
Code/Expansion Project
Code/Project 2：Breathing
LED
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.
(note:all English words and symbols must be written in English)
Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The underlines and cursors
signal that the program is wrong.
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If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
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(4)Test Results:
Upload the test code to the micro:bit，plug in power, dial the DIP switch to
ON and press“1”on the rocket switch.
The micro:bit will show a smile expression, and LED smoothly changes its
brightness from light to dark and back to light, continuing to do so, which
is similar to a lung breathing in and out.
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(5)Code Explanation：
from microbit import * Import the library file of micro：bit
display.show(Image.HAPPY) The LED dot matrix on the microbit displays
a "smiley face" pattern
while True: This is a permanent loop that makes
micro:bit execute the code of it.
for index in range (0, 255): range() is a function; for index in range(0,
255) is to assign 0~255 to index
pin16.write_analog(index) Control pin 16 output analog index
sleep(10) Delay in 10 ms
Project 3：6812 2x2 Full Color RGB
(1)Project Introduction
6812 2X2 full-color RGB module integrates the controlling circuit and the
illuminating circuit. Each LED is the same as a 5050 LED lamp bead, and
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each component is a pixel point. The inner pixel point includes a amplify
driving circuit that latch signal from digital ports shapes, a high-precision
internal oscillator and and a 12V high voltage programmable current
control portion, which effectively ensures that the color of the pixel point.
The data protocol uses a single-line zero code communication method.
After the pixel point is reset, the S-terminal receives the data transmitted
from the controller. First, the 24bit data sent by the first pixel is extracted
by the first pixel point, and sent to the internal portion of the pixel point.
It has the advantages of low-voltage driving, environmental protection,
high brightness, large scattering angle, good consistency, ultra-low power,
long life expectancy.
(2)About the 6812 2x2 Full-color RGB:
Working DC 3.3-5V Max Working 200mA Max Power: 1W
Voltage： Current：
Working -10 ℃ Source of SMD 5050 IC Type： 4 pcs/WS2811
Temperature： ~+50℃ light： RGB
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Gray Scale： 256 Illuminating 180° Illuminating Red, yellow,
Angle： Color: blue,green and
white
(3)Test Code1
Micro:bit 6812 2x2
Expansion Full-color RGB
Board Module
GND G
5V V
S（14） S
Enter Mu software and open the file “Project 3 ：6812 2x2 full color
RGB-1.py”to import code:
（How to load the project code?)
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File Route File Name
Type
Python KS4027 folder/Python Project 3：6812 2x2 full color
file Tutorial/Python RGB-1.py
Code/Expansion Project
Code/Project 3：6812 2x2 Full
Color RGB
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.(note:all English
words and symbols must be written in English)
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Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The underlines and cursors
signal that the program is wrong.
156
If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
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(4)Test Results1:
Upload the test code1 to the micro:bit，plug in power, dial the DIP switch to
ON and press “1”on the rocket switch. You will view the 6812 RGB module
display red, orange,yellow, green, blue,Indigo, violet, purple and white, in
loop way.
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(5)Test Code2:
Enter Mu software and open the file “Project 3 ：6812 2x2 full color
RGB-2.py”to import code:
（How to load the project code?)
File Route File Name
Type
Python KS4027 folder/Python Project 3：6812 2x2 full color
file Tutorial/Python RGB-2.py
Code/Expansion Project
Code/Project 3：6812 2x2 Full
Color RGB
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.(note:all English
words and symbols must be written in English)
159
160
Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The underlines and cursors
signal that the program is wrong.
161
162
If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
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(6)Test Results2:
Upload the test code 2 to the micro:bit，plug in power, dial the DIP switch
to ON and press“1”on the rocket switch.
You can view four WS2812RGB lights light up，like a flowing light.
(How to download? How to quick download?)
(7)Test Code3:
Enter Mu software and open the file “Project 3 ：6812 2x2 full color
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RGB-3.py”to import code:
（How to load the project code?)
File Route File Name
Type
Python KS4027 folder/Python Project 3：6812 2x2 full color
file Tutorial/Python RGB-3.py
Code/Expansion Project
Code/Project 3 ： 6812 2x2
Full Color RGB
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.
(note:all words and symbols must be written in English)
165
Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The underlines and cursors
signal that the program is wrong.
166
If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
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(8)Test Results3：
Upload the test code 3 to the micro:bit，plug in power, dial the DIP switch
to ON and press“1”on the rocket switch.
Then you will see 4 WS2812RGB lights light up with random colors, like a
flowing light.
(How to download? How to quick download?)
(9)Code Explanation：
from microbit import * Import the library file of micro：bit
import neopixel Import the library file of neopixel
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np = neopixel.NeoPixel(pin14, 4) Set Neopixel as pin P14 to initialize
the light with 4 LEDs
np.clear() RGB on Neopixel are all off
while True: This is a permanent loop that makes
micro:bit execute the code of it
for pixel_id1 in range(0, len(np)): Set pixel of RGB in （0，len（np））to
pixel_id1
for index in range(0, 4): Set pixel of RGB in (0,4) to index
np.show() Display current pixel on Neopixel
np[pixel_id1] = (255, 0, 0)
np[pixel_id2] = (255, 165, 0) Set pixel_id1 to display red color
np[pixel_id3] = (255, 255, 0) Set pixel_id2 to display orange color
np[pixel_id4] = (0, 255, 0) Set pixel_id3 to display yellow color
np[pixel_id5] = (0, 0, 255) Set pixel_id4 to display green color
np[pixel_id6] = (75, 0, 130) Set pixel_id5 to display blue color
np[pixel_id7] = (238, 130, 238) Set pixel_id6 to display indigo color
np[pixel_id8] = (160, 32, 240) Set pixel_id7 to display violet color
np[pixel_id9] = (255, 255, 255) Set pixel_id8 to display purple color
Set pixel_id9 to display white color
from random import randint Import randint from random variables
np[pixel_id] = (R, G, B) Set pixel_id to display rainbow color
R=0 Set the initial value of R to 0
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G=0 Set the initial value of G to 0
B=0 Set the initial value of B to 0
R = randint(10, 255) Set R=randint(10, 255)
G = randint(10, 255) Set G=randint(10, 255)
B = randint(10, 255) Set B=randint(10, 255)
Project 4：PIR Motion Sensor
(1)Project Introduction
The Pyroelectric infrared motion sensor can detect infrared signals from
moving objects, and output switching signals. Applied to a variety of
occasions, it can detect movement of human body.
Conventional pyroelectric infrared sensors are much more bigger, with
complex circuit and lower reliability. Yet, this new pyroelectric infrared
motion sensor, is more practical. It integrates a digital pyroelectric infrared
sensor and connecting pins. It features higher sensibility and reliability,
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lower power consumption, light weight, small size, lower voltage working
mode and simpler peripheral circuit.
(2)About PIR Motion Sensor:
Working DC
Voltage： 4.5-6.5V
Max 50MA
Working
Current：
Static <50uA
Current:
Control Digital
Port： output
(high level
is 3.3V，low
level is
0V)
Control Digital
Signals: signal 1/0
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Working -10 ~ 50 ℃
Tempera
ture：
Max 4m
detectio
distance
Sensing ＜100°
Angle：
Trigger L doesn’t
Way: repeatedly
trigger/H
trigger
repeatedly
Note：
1. The maximum distance is 4 meters during testing.
2. In the test, open the white lens to check rectangular sensing part. When
the long line of the sensing part is parallel to the ground, the distance is
the best.
3. In the test, covering the sensor with white lens can sense the distance
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precisely.
4. The distance is best at 25℃, and the detection distance value will reduce
when temperature exceeds 30℃.
5. After powering up and uploading the code, you can start testing after
5-10 seconds, otherwise the sensor is not sensitive.
(3)Test Code:
Micro:bit
PIR Motion Sensor
Expansion Board
GND G
5V V
S（15） S
Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 4：PIR motion sensor.py”to
import code:
（How to load the project code?)
File Route File Name
Type
Python KS4027 folder/Python Project 4：
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file Tutorial/Python PIR motion sensor.py
Code/Expansion Project
Code/Project 4 ： PIR Motion
Sensor
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.
(note:all English words and symbols must be written in English)
Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The underlines and cursors
signal that the program is wrong.
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If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
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(4)Test Results:
Upload the test code to the micro:bit，plug in power, dial the DIP switch to
ON and press“1”on the rocket switch.
Click“REPL”and then press the reset button on the back of the board.
If PIR motion sensor detects someone nearby, the serial monitor will
display “1” , and the indicator on the module will be off. If nobody is
around, the serial monitor will show “0”, the indicator will be on.
As shown below:
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(5)Code Explanation：
from microbit import * Import the library file of micro：bit
display.show（Image.HAPPY） The LED dot matrix on the microbit
displays a "smiley face" pattern
val = 0 Set the initial value of the variable
val to 0
while True: This is a permanent loop that
makes micro:bit execute the code
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of it.
val = pin15.read_digital() Assign the digital signal read by
the PIR sensor connected to pin 15
to the variable val
print("digital signals:", val) BBC microbit REPL window prints
the digital signal read by the PIR
sensor
sleep(100) Delay in 100 ms
Project 5：Induction Lamp
(1)Project Introduction
In the previous project experiment, we have mastered the working
principle of the PIR motion sensor and its control method. In this project,
we combine it with a yellow LED to control LED’s brightness.
(2)Test Code:
Micro:bit PIR Motion Micro:bit Yellow LED
Expansion Board Sensor Expansion Board Module
GND G GND G
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5V V 5V V
S（15） S S（16） S
Enter Mu software and open the file“PProject 5：Induction Lamp.py”to
import code:
（How to load the project code?)
File Route File Name
Type
Python KS4027 folder/Python Project 5：
file Tutorial/Python Induction Lamp.py
Code/Expansion Project
Code/Project 5：Induction
Lamp
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.
(note:all English words and symbols must be written in English)
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Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The underlines and cursors
signal that the program is wrong.
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If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
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(3)Test Results:
Upload the test code to the micro:bit, plug in power, dial the DIP switch to
ON and press“1”on the rocket switch. The micro:bit will show a smile
image.
When the PIR motion sensor detects people, the yellow LED will be on;
otherwise, the LED will be off.
(How to download? How to quick download?)
(4)Code Explanation：
from microbit import * Import the library file of micro：bit
Pin16.write_digital(0) Set pin 16 to low level to turn off
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the LED
while True: This is a permanent loop that
makes micro:bit execute the code
of it.。
If pin15.read_digital() == 1： If the PIR motion sensor connected
Pin16.write_digital(1) to pin 15 detects the movement of
else： nearby people:
Pin16.write_digital(0) Pin 16 is set to high level to light up
the LED
Otherwise,pin 16 is set to low level
to turn off the LED
Project 6: Servo
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(1) Project Introduction
The servo, window and door of this smart home have been fixed together
so the servo can be used to drive the window and door to open or close,
which is quite smart. In this project we will focus on the servo.
Servo is a position control rotary actuator. It mainly consists of a housing, a
circuit board, a core-less motor, a gear and a position sensor. Unlike motor
which is often applied to control rotating speed and direction servo is used
to control angle. Generally, the angle range of servo rotation is 0° ~180°.
It has 3 wires which are marked in brown, red, and orange respectively.
For different brands, its application may have slight difference. So it is
recommended to refer to some documents before use. The servo we use is
a very common one, wires in brown, red, and orange corresponding to
"power negative, power positive, control signal" respectively.
(2)Working Principle of Servo：
The rotation angle of servo motor is controlled by regulating the duty cycle
of PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation) signal. The standard cycle of PWM
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signal is 20ms (50Hz). Theoretically, the width is distributed
between 1ms-2ms, but in fact, it's between 0.5ms-2.5ms. The width
corresponds the rotation angle from 0° to 180°. But note that for different
brand motors, the same signal may have different rotation angles.
After measurement, it is found that the pulse range of the steering gear is
0.65ms~2.5ms. See more details in the table:
high level Servo angle Reference signal cycle time
time （20ms）
0.65ms 0° 0.65ms high level+19.35mslow
level
1.5ms 90° 1.5ms high level+18.5mslow
185
level
2.5ms 180° 2.5ms high level+17.5mslow
level
(3)About the Servo:
Working DC 4.8V 〜 Operational About 180 ° (500 →
voltage： 6V Angle： 2500μsec)
Pulse width 500 → 2500 Size： 22.9*12.2*30mm
range： μsec
No-load 0.12±0.01 sec/60°（DC 4.8V） 0.1±0.01 sec/60°
speed： （DC 6V）
No-load 200±20mA（DC 4.8V） 220±20mA（DC 6V）
current：
Stop torque： 1.3±0.01kg·cm（DC 4.8V） 1.5±0.1kg·cm（DC 6V）
Stop current： ≦850mA（DC 4.8V） ≦1000mA（DC 6V）
Standby 3±1mA（DC 4.8V） 4±1mA（DC 6V）
Current：
Weight: 9±1g (without servo horn)
Working -30℃~60℃
temperature：
Note: Supplying power via USB cable or computer may burn the servo;
186
thus, we recommend using batteries.
(4)Test Code：
Micro:bit
Expansion Servo
Board
GND Brown Wire
5V Red Wire
Orange
S（8）
Wire
Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 6：Servo .py”to import code:
（How to load the project code?)
File Route File Name
Type
Python KS4027 folder/Python Project 6：Servo .py
file Tutorial/Python
Code/Expansion Project
Code/Project 6：Servo
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.(note:all English
187
words and symbols must be written in English)
Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The underlines and cursors
188
signal that the program is wrong.
189
If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
190
(5)Test Results:
Upload the test code to the micro:bit，plug in power, dial the DIP switch to
ON and press“1”on the rocket switch. The micro:bit will show smile
expression, the servo will rotate 0°~45°~90°~135°~180°~0°，in loop way.
(How to download? How to quick download?)
Project 7: 130 Motor
(1)Project Introduction
130 motor adopts the HR1124S chip which is applied to single-channel
H-bridge drive chip in direct current motor.
H-bridge driving part uses the PMOS and NMOS power tubes of low
on-resistance. In addition, the HR1124S chip has the low standby and static
current.
This motor is compatible with all kinds of MCU control boards. It comes
with 2.54mm anti-reverse white connectors. In the experiment, you can
take advantage of the voltage direction of IN+和 IN- to control the rotation
191
of motor and alter its speed via PWM signals.
(2)Parameters：
Working 3.3-5V(DC) Max Current： 200mA (DC5V)
Voltage：
Max Power： 1W Control port： Dual digital
port（digital
input）
Working -10°C ~+50°C Environmental ROHS
Temperature： Attribute：
(3)Test Code 1:（high/low level control）
Micro:bit Expansion Board Motor
GND G
5V V
192
S（13） IN+
S（12） IN-
Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 7：130 Motor-1.py”to import
code:
（How to load the project code?)
File Route File Name
Type
Python KS4027 folder/Python Project 7：130
file Tutorial/Python Motor-1.py
Code/Expansion Project
Code/Project 7：130 Motor
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.(note:all English
words and symbols must be written in English)
193
Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The underlines and cursors
signal that the program is wrong.
194
If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
195
(4)Test Code2：（PWM control）
Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 7：130 Motor-2.py”to import
code:
（How to load the project code?)
File Route File Name
Type
Python KS4027 folder/Python Project 7：130 Motor-2.py
file Tutorial/Python
Code/Expansion Project
Code/Project 7 ： 130
Motor
196
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.(note:all English
words and symbols must be written in English)
Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The underlines and cursors
signal that the program is wrong.
197
If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
198
(5)Test Results:
Upload the test code to the micro:bit, plug in power, dial the DIP switch to
ON and press“1”on the rocket switch. The fan will rotate clockwise for 5s,
stop 1, rotate anticlockwise for 5s and stop for 1s, in loop way. (How to
download? How to quick download?)
Project 8：Lithium Battery Power Module
(1)Project Introduction
199
This module integrates a charging and discharging chip, which can be
interfaced with an external rechargeable battery through the PH2.0MM
interface. In the experiment,we use a single lithium battery.
It has a Micro USB port and a charging port for solar panels, which can
supply power for an external lithium battery.
In addition, this module has a boost module which can increase the
voltage of batteries to 6.6V. The DIP switch on the module is the OUTPUT
switch of 6.6V. The pin G and V can output 6.6V and the pin S can read the
battery voltage after the resistance 1/2 voltage.
(2) Parameters：
Charging Port Micro USB, HP2.0MM port for solar
panels
Input Voltage of ports of the 4.4-6V
solar panel
constant-voltage charging 4.15-4.24V
Max Charging Current 800mA
Output Port 3 P 2.54mm Pins
Input Voltage 6.6V
Max Output Current 800mA
Batteries Single-cell Lithium Battery
200
Environmental Attribute ROHS
(3)Schematic Diagram：
(4)Features：
201
OLAR4.8-6.0V, the input port of power, is connected to polar panels.
The solar energy is converted into electric energy via solar panels.
BAT, the output port of power, is interfaced with the lithium battery
holder(rechargeable batteries) and saves the electric energy into batteries.
202
This is the switch. Slid to ON end, then the external lithium battery will be
connected, supplying to the expansion board; on the contrary, slide to OFF,
then the current of lithium battery will be disconnected.
You can charge the lithium battery via USB cable.
Test the solar battery panel：
We can connect the solar battery panel and an LED we provide together, as
shown below.
Disconnect the power, after a while, you will see the LED light up.
203
Project 9：1602 LCD
(1)Project Introduction
With I2C communication module, this is a display module that can show 2
lines with 16 characters per line.
It shows blue background and white word and connects to I2C interface of
MCU, which highly save the MCU resources.
On the back of LCD display, there is a blue potentiometer for adjusting the
backlight. The communication address defaults to 0x27.
The original 1602 LCD can start and run with 7 IO ports, but ours is built
with Arduino IIC/I2C interface, saving 5 IO ports. Alternatively, the module
comes with 4 positioning holes with a diameter of 3mm, which is
convenient for you to fix on other devices.
Notice that when the screen gets brighter or darker, the characters will
become more visible or less visible.
204
(3) About 1602 I2C：
Working DC5V I2C Address： 0x27 Control I2C
Voltage ： Port：
Working < Working 0 ° C ~ 45 ° C Driving PCF8574T
Current： 130mA Temperature： （recommend） Chip：
GND: a pin SDA： A pin that
connected to the VCC：A pin that connects to a connects to analog
ground +5V power supply port A4 for IIC
communication
SCL: a pin Backlight Adjustable
interfaced with SCL contrast
or A5，used for IIC
communication
(3)Test Code:
205
Micro:bit
I2C 1602 LCD Module
Expansion Board
GND GND
5V 5V
SDA SDA
SCL SCL
Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 9：1602 LCD.py”to import code:
（How to load the project code?)
File Route File Name
Type
Python KS4027 folder/Python Project 9：1602
file Tutorial/Python LCD.py
Code/Expansion Project
Code/Project 9：1602 LCD
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.(note:all English
words and symbols must be written in English)
206
207
Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The underlines and cursors
signal that the program is wrong.
208
209
If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
210
211
212
(4)Test Results:
Upload the test code to the micro:bit，plug in power, dial the DIP switch to
ON and press“1”on the rocket switch.
The micro:bit board will show a smile image. Then rotate the knob of the
potentiometer at the back of the LCD module, you will see“Keyestudio”
at one row and numbers at the second row. In addition, the number
increases by 1 with an interval of 0.5s.
Note: When the display doesn’t show characters, you can adjust the
potentiometer behind the 1602LCD and backlight to make the 1602LCD
display the corresponding character string.
213
Project 10：Steam Sensor
(1)Project Introduction
This is a commonly used steam sensor. Its principle is to detect the amount
of water by bare printed parallel lines on the circuit board. The more the
water content is, the more wires will be connected. As the conductive
contact coverage increases, the output voltage will gradually rise. It can
detect water vapor in the air as well. The steam sensor can be used as a rain
water detector and level switch. When the humidity on the sensor surface
surges, the output voltage will increase.
The sensor is compatible with various microcontroller control boards, such
as Arduino series microcontrollers. When using it, connect the sensor to
the analog port of the Micro:bit microcontroller, and display the
corresponding analog value on the serial monitor.
Note: the connection part is not waterproof. Therefore, don’t immerse it in
the water please.
214
(2)About the Stream Sensor：
Working DC 3.3-5V
Voltage：
Working －10℃～＋70℃
Temperatu
re Range：
Max 5uA (DC5V，when
Working the two pins of the
Current： steam sensor are
in short circuit.
Control Analog output
Port：
(3)Test Code:
Micro:bit Expansion
Steam Sensor
Board
GND G
3V3 V
S(0) S
215
Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 10：Steam Sensor.py”to import
code:
（How to load the project code?)
File Route File Name
Type
Python KS4027 folder/Python roject 10：Steam
file Tutorial/Python Sensor.py
Code/Expansion Project
Code/Project 10 ： Steam
Sensor
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.(note:all English
words and symbols must be written in English)
216
Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The underlines and cursors
signal that the program is wrong.
217
If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
218
(4)Test Results:
Upload the test code, and plug in power with micro USB cable. Then the
micro:bit will show“❤”. Click“REPL” and then press the reset button on
the back of the board.The serial monitor will show the output data, and the
steam sensor will read the analog signals at the signal end. The more the
immersed area of the module, the larger the analog value.
As shown below;
219
Project 11：Rains Alarm
(1)Project Introduction
Steam Sensor is a wide range of applications, such as raining alarm,
automotive automatic scraping system, intelligent lighting system, and
smart sunroof system. In the previous project experiment, we already know
the working principle of Steam Sensor, then in this project experiment, we
combine Steam Sensor, Micro:bit, and yellow LEDs, making a simple rain
220
alarm.
(2)Test Code:
Micro:bit Micro:bit Yellow
Steam
Expansion Expansion LED
Sensor
Board Board Module
GND G GND G
3V3 V 5V V
S（0） S S（16） S
Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 11：Rains Alarm.py”to import
code:（How to load the project code?)
File Route File Name
Type
Python KS4027 folder/Python Project 11：Rains
file Tutorial/Python Alarm.py
Code/Expansion Project
Code/Project 11 ： Rains
Alarm
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.
221
(note:all words and symbols must be written in English)
Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The underlines and cursors
signal that the program is wrong.
222
If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
223
(3)Test Results:
Upload the test code to the micro:bit，plug in power, dial the DIP switch to
ON and press“1”on the rocket switch.The micro:bit will show smile
expression. When the detected analog signals are more than 500, the
micro:bit will emit “tick, tick”and the yellow LED will flash. Otherwise, no
sound and LED is off.
224
Project 12：Analog Gas（MQ-2）Sensor
(1)Project Introduction
This gas sensor is used for household gas leak alarms, industrial
combustible gas alarms and portable gas detection instruments. Also, it is
suitable for the detection of liquefied gas, benzene, alkane, alcohol,
hydrogen, etc.,
The MQ-2 smoke sensor can be accurately a multi-gas detector, with the
advantages of high sensitivity, fast response, good stability, long life, and
simple drive circuit.
It can detect the concentration of flammable gas and smoke in the range of
300~10000ppm. Meanwhile, it has high sensitivity to natural gas, liquefied
petroleum gas and other smoke, especially to alkanes smoke.
It must be heated for a period of time before using the smoke sensor,
otherwise the output resistance and voltage are not accurate. However, the
heating voltage should not be too high, otherwise it will cause internal
signal line to blow.
225
It belongs to the tin dioxide semiconductor gas-sensitive material. At a
certain temperature, tin dioxide adsorbs oxygen in the air and forms
negative ion adsorption of oxygen, reducing the electron density in the
semiconductor, thereby increasing its resistance value.
When in contact with flammable gas in the air and smog, and the potential
barrier at the grain boundary is adjusted by the smog, it will cause the
surface conductivity to change. With this, information about the presence
of smoke or flammable gas can be obtained. The greater the concentration
of smoke or flammable gas in the air, the greater the conductivity, and the
lower the output resistance, the larger the analog signal output. In addition,
the sensitivity can be adjusted by rotating the potentiometer.
(2)About Analog Gas Sensor（MQ-2)：
Working 3.3-5V
Voltage：
Working 160mA (DC5V)
Current：
Working 0°C ~ 40°C
Temperature：
226
Control Port： Digital and analog
output
Detection 300-10000ppm
concentration： (combustible gas )
Rake Ratio： ≤
0.6(R3000ppm/R10
00ppm C3H8)
Sensitivity： Rs(in
air)/Rs(1000ppmiso
butane)≥5
Sensitive 2K Ω -20K Ω (in
Resistance（Rs） 2000ppm C3H8 )
Features：
(1) Have a signal output instruction.
(2) Dual-channel signal output (analog output and TTL level output)
(3) TTL output effective signal is Low Level. (When the Low Level is output,
the signal light will be on)
(4) The analog output is 0 ~ 5V voltage. The higher the concentration, the
higher the voltage.
(5) a good sensitivity to liquefied gas, natural gas and urban gas.
(6) Have long-term life expectancy and reliable stability
227
(7) Fast response recovery.
(3)Test Code:
Micro:bit
Analog Gas
Expansion
（MQ-2）Sensor
Board
GND G
5V V
S（1） D
Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 12：Analog Gas（MQ-2）
Sensor.py”to import code:（How to load the project code?)
File Route File Name
Type
Python KS4027 folder/Python Project 12：Analog Gas（MQ-2）
file Tutorial/Python Sensor.py
Code/Expansion Project
Code/Project 12：Analog Gas
（MQ-2）Sensor
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.(note:all English
words and symbols must be written in English)
228
Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The underlines and cursors
signal that the program is wrong.
229
If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
230
(4)Test Results:
Upload the test code to the micro:bit, plug in power and dial the DIP switch
to ON. Then the micro:bit will show smile expression.Click“REPL”and then
press the reset button on the back of the board.
(How to download? How to quick download?)
When the gas sensor detects no flammable gases, the serial monitor prints
1. While when you turn on a fire lighter near it, it detects gases, the serial
monitor prints 0 and the red indicator on the module lights up as shown
below:
(By the way, the sensitivity of this sensor can be adjusted by rotating the
231
blue potentiometer on it.)
Project 13：Gas Leakage Detector
(1) Project Description:
This MQ-2 gas sensor is used for household gas leak alarms, industrial
combustible gas alarms and portable gas detection instruments. And it is
suitable for the detection of liquefied gas, benzene, alkane, alcohol,
hydrogen, etc., and widely used in various fire alarm systems. It can be
232
accurately a multi-gas detector, and has the advantages of high sensitivity,
fast response, good stability, long life, and simple drive circuit.
It can detect the concentration of flammable gas and smoke in the range of
300~10000ppm.Meanwhile, it has high sensitivity to natural gas, liquefied
petroleum gas and other smoke, especially to alkanes smoke.
We will make a gas leakage detector with a MQ-2 gas sensor, a yellow LED
and a 1602 LCD.
(2)Test Code:
Micro:bit Micro:bit Yellow
Analog Gas
Expansion Expansion LED
（MQ-2）Sensor
Board Board Module
GND G GND G
5V V 5V V
S（1） D S（16） S
Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 13：Gas Leakage Detector.py”
to import code:
（How to load the project code?)
File Route File Name
233
Type
Python KS4027 folder/Python Project 13：Gas Leakage
file Tutorial/Python Detector.py
Code/Expansion Project
Code/Project 13 ： Gas
Leakage Detector
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.
(note:all words and symbols must be written in English)
234
235
Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The underlines and cursors
signal that the program is wrong.
236
237
238
If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
239
240
(3)Test Results：
241
Upload the test code to the micro:bit，plug in power, dial the DIP switch to
ON and press“1”on the rocket switch.
The micro:bit will show a smile image. Make a fire lighter close to the gas
sensor, 1602 LCD will display“MQ-2”at the first row and show“gas
leakage”at the second row. At same time, it will emit“tick,tick” sound
and LED will flash.
Project 14：Multiple Functions
(1)Project Description:
The final lesson is the combination of all modules and sensors. It is an
analog smart home.
(2)Test Code:
Enter Mu software and open the file“Project 14：Multiple Functions.py”
to import code:
（How to load the project code?)
File Route File Name
Type
Python KS4027 folder/Python Multiple Functions
file Tutorial/Python
Code/Expansion Project
242
Code/Project 14：Multiple
Functions
You can also input code in the editing window yourself.(note:all English
words and symbols must be written in English)
243
244
245
246
Click“Check”to examine error in the code. The underlines and cursors
signal that the program is wrong.
247
248
249
250
If the code is correct, connect micro:bit to computer and click“Flash”to
download code to micro:bit board.
251
252
253
254
(3)Test Results:
Upload the test code to the micro:bit，plug in power, dial the DIP switch to
255
ON and press“1”on the rocket switch.The micro:bit will show a smile
image.
When the analog value detected by the steam sensor is bigger than 400,
the 5 WS2812 RGB lights on the 6812 RGB module are all on, displaying in
red, orange,yellow, green, blue, Indigo, violet, purple and white, in loop
way.
Then the window is closed, the door and the fan rotate;
Make a fire lighter close to the gas sensor, 1602 LCD will display“MQ-2”
at the first row and show“gas leakage”at the second row. At same time, it
will emit“tick,tick” sound and the yellow LED will flash. Otherwise,the
speaker makes no sound, the LED reminds off and the 1602LCD displays no
characters.
8.Resources:
https://fs.keyestudio.com/KS4027-4028
256
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