INTRODUCTION TO
ARDUINO
PLATFORM
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What is arduino?
Arduino is a open source platform used for building electronics project
It can be divided into three parts :
Arduino Hardware
Arduino SHIELD
Arduino IDE OPEN SOURCE MEANS THAT THE
DESIGN, CODE, OR BLUEPRINT OF A
PROJECT IS FREELY AVAILABLE FOR
ANYONE TO VIEW, USE, MODIFY,
AND DISTRIBUTE.
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Applications of Arduino
Home Automation:Motion sensors, alarms etc.
Robotics : eg RC cars, Gesture control bot
Medical Devices : eg prosthetic limbs and arms
and many moore applications
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Arduino hardware
It comprises of a arduino development board.
All Arduino board have a microcontroller(most
commonly 8 bit microcontroller).
A microcontroller is a small computer on a
single chip that can perform specific tasks by
running simple programs, often used to control
devices like appliances, robots, and sensors.
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Various components of Arduino board
WE ARE TAKING THE
ARDUINO UNO BOARD
HERE TO EXPLAIN MAIN
PARTS OF THE ARDUINO
DEVELOPMENT BOARD
Power Port
The power port lets you connect the Arduino to an external
power source, like a battery or power adapter.
It helps the Arduino run on its own without needing a
computer.
Ideal for projects that need to be mobile or work for a long
time.
If the board is supplied with a volatge
greater than its maximum limit, then there
is a voltage regulator present on the
boardthat prevents it from burning.
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MICROCONTROLLER
It is brain of your Arduino.The microcontoller used
on uno and nano board is ATMEGA 328P by ATMEL.
It has following components:
Flash memory of 32kb. Program loaded from Arduino IDE is stored here.
2KB RAM.
CPU:It controls everything that goes on within the device .It fetches the
program instructions from flash memory and runs them with the help of
RAM .
EEPROM:It is a type of nonvolatile memory of size 1 KB that keeps data
even after device restart and reset.
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The arduino uno has 6 analog input pins labeled ‘analog
0 to 5’.These pins can read signals from analog sensors
like temperature sensors and convert it into digital
value so that system understands.
Only a small ammount of current flows through these
pens as these pins have very high internal resistance.
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The Arduino UNO has 13 digital pins lableled from
‘digital 0 to 13’ and can be used as both input and
output pins.
When used as output,pins act as power supply
source for components connected to them.
When used as input,they read the signals from
components connected to them.
(~6 is one of the power width modulation pins)
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POWER PINS
VIN:Used when arduino is powered using external
supply.
GND:These are the ground pins.
5V:This is 5V out and is used to power most sensors.
3.3v:Tese are 3.3v out and is used to power sensors
that are compatible with 3.3 v.
Reset:This pin can be used to reset the arduino by
external source.
ioref:This is the reference voltage for the board .For
arduino this will be 5 v.
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When ths switch is clicked, it sends a logical pulse
to reset pin of the microcontroller,and now runs
the program from the start.This is very useful
when your code doesn’t repeat and you want to
test it multiple times.
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The USB interface chip enables communication
between the Arduino's microcontroller and a
computer via USB.
It translates USB data to serial data that the
microcontroller can understand and vice versa.
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TX (Transmit) LED: Blinks when the
Arduino is sending data to another
device or to the computer.
RX (Receive) LED: Blinks when the
Arduino is receiving data from
another device or from the
computer.
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Arduino Nano
Technical Specs
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Arduino Uno
Technical Specs
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Arduino shields
Definition: "Arduino Shields are add-on boards
that stack on top of an Arduino, adding specific
functions to your project without complex wiring."
Purpose: “Shields allow you to add advanced
capabilities like WiFi, Bluetooth, motor control,
and more with ease.”
Plug-and-Play Design: "They fit directly onto
Arduino, making your setup cleaner and saving
time."
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Firmware
Two types of code executing on a simple microcontroller.
1. Application Code
executes systems main functionality it is
the code written by the user
2. Firmware
low level code; supports the main function
USB iᶜnᶦterface,power modes,reset,etc.
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*The disctinᵗᶦcˢtion is a matter of perspective D
*Arduino firmware is pre-programmed
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Direct
Programming
Bootloader
Firmware on microcontroller
Allows the flash and EEPROM to be programmed manages USB communication
and allows programming
In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP)
a special programming method to program the firmware needed because the
bootloader cannot reprogram itself
on a Nano board one ICSP header exists for ATmega328 microcontroller
on a UNO board two ICSP headers exist, one header for each microcontroller.
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Arduino
IDE
Download here : https://www.arduino.cc/en/software
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Thank
You.
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