Extraction of essential oil

SRI CHAITANYA TECHNO SCHOOL ,IYYAPPANTHANGAL
ACADEMIC YEAR: 2024-25
PROJECT REPORT ON
Extraction of Essential Oils Present in Saunf (Aniseed),
Ajwain (Carum) and Illaichi (Cardamom)
ROLL NO :
NAME : TANYA SHREE S
CLASS : XII
SUBJECT : Chemistry
SUB CODE : 043
PROJECT GUIDE :
SRI CHAITANYA TECHNO SCHOOL
IYYAPPANTHANGAL, CHENNAI
SRI CHAITANYA TECHNO SCHOOL IYYAPPANTHANGAL
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Cadet TANYA SHREE S Roll No:_____________ has
successfully completed the project Work entitled Extraction of Essential Oils
Present in Saunf (Aniseed), Ajwain (Carum) and Illaichi (Cardamom) in the
subject CHEMISTRY (043) laid down in the regulations of CBSE for the purpose of
Practical Examination in Class XII to be held in Sri Chaitanya Techno School
IYYAPPANTHANGAL on______________.
DATE: PRINCIPAL
INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER
1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Apart from the efforts of me, the success of any project depends largely on
the encouragement and guidelines of many others. I take this opportunity to
express my gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful
completion of this project.
I express a deep sense of gratitude to almighty God for giving me strength

for the successful completion of the project.
I express my heartfelt gratitude to my parents for constant encouragement

while carrying out this project.
I gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the individuals who contributed in

bringing this project up to this level, who continues to look after me despite my
flaws.
I express my deep sense of gratitude to the luminary The Principal, who has
been continuously motivating and extending their helping hand to us.
My sincere thanks to Mr. Sasidharan sir , Master In-charge, A guide,

Mentor all the above, a friend, who critically reviewed my project and helped in
solving each and every problem, occurred during implementation of the project.
The guidance and support received from all the members who contributed
and who are contributing to this project, was vital for the success of the project. I
am grateful for their constant support and help.
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
S.No. Topic Page no.
1 Certificate 1
2 Acknowledgement 2
3 Introduction 4
4 Aim 5
5 Saunf (aniseed) Oil 6
6 Ajwain (carum) Oil 7
7 Illaichi (cardamom) Oil 8
8 Experiment 9
9 Observations 11
10 Result 12
11 Bibliography 13
3
INTRODUCTION
An essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile

chemical compounds from plants. Essential oils are also known as volatile
oils, ethereal oils, aetheroleum, or simply as the oil of the plant from
which they were extracted, such as oil of clove. Volatile substances
which can be extracted from recovery processes such as steam and
vacuum distillation are preferred for extraction
of essential oils from plant materials. Virtually all
naturally occurring essential oils are made up of
hydrocarbons such as camphene, pinene,
limonene, phellandrene, cedrene, and oxygenated
hydrocarbons such as alcohols, aldehydes,
esters, ethers, ketones, lactones, phenols and
organic acids. The essential oils get their odours from the oxygenated
compounds contained in them and these confer
stability on the oil against oxidation. The
hydrocarbons are less stable and they are
responsible for the degradation observed in the
oils. The hydrocarbons contained in the
essential oils are often removed so that the oils
can be more stable and still retain their odours
and flavours. This project focuses on the extraction of essential oils,
exploring methods such as steam distillation. It aims to evaluate the
efficiency of the method, analyze the quality and yield of the oils, and
study their chemical compositions. Through this study, we aim to better
understand the factors affecting essential oil production and optimize
techniques for sustainable and cost-effective extraction.
4
AIM
Extraction of Essential Oils Present in Saunf (Aniseed), Ajwain
(Carum) and Illaichi (Cardamom) using steam distillation
5
SAUNF (ANISEED) OIL
Family: Apiaceae
Botanical Name: Pimpinella anisum
Constituents: anethole, de-fenchone, d-α-pinene, d-α-phellandrene,

dipentene, methyl chavicol, feniculum, anisaldehyde, and anisic acid.
Colour: ground-grey to greyish brown
Aromatic Description: Distinctive scent of licorice. Rich and sweet.
Uses: In aromatherapy, aniseed essential oil is used to treat colds and flu.
Aniseed oil can be made into a liquid scent and is used for both hunting and
shing. It is put on fishing lures to attract fish.
Method of extraction: Steam distillation
6
AJWAIN (CAROM) OIL
Family: Apiaceae.
Botanical Name: Trachyspermum ammi
Constituents: thymol, gamma-terpinene, pcymene, beta-pinene,

Alpha-pinene, alpha-thujene, beta-myrcene, carvacrol, limonene and
terpinene-4-ol
Colour: slightly green to brown
Aromatic Description: Warm, pungent, peppery
Uses: One can treat indigestion, ulcers, and various other bacterial
infections of the gut with ajwain seeds and essential oil. They can help with
pimples. Useful in aromatherapy.
7
ILLAICHI (CARDAMOM) OIL
Family: Zingiberaceae or ginger family
Botanical Name: Elettaria cardamomum
Constituents: sabinene, myrcene, a-pinene, b-pinene, aphellandrene,

limonene, p-cymene, terpinolene, 1,8-cineole, y-terpinene, linalool, linalyl
acetate, a-terpineol acetate, citronellol, nerol, terpinen-4-oil, aterpineol,
geraniol, methyl eugenol and trans-nerolidol.
Colour: green
Aromatic Description: complex aroma with a piney, fruity, and almost

menthol-like flavor
Uses: For the treatment of sciatica, coughs, abdominal pains, spasm and
nervous disorders, fever, digestive and urinary problems. Cardamom oil is
also used as a fragrant in soaps, perfumes, and cosmetic products
8
EXPERIMENT
Materials Required:
● Steam generator (Copper Vessel)
● round bottom flask (500 ml),
● conical flask
● condenser
● glass tubes
● iron stand
● sand bath
● separatory funnel
● tripod stands
● burners
● Petroleum ether(60-80°C)
● Saunf (Aniseed), Ajwain (carom), Illaichi (cardamom)
Procedure:
Set the apparatus as shown in the

picture of Experimental Setup.
The apparatus consists of a steam
generator connected to the round
bottom flask through a glass inlet tube.
The flask is connected to a water
condenser through a glass outlet tube.
Condenser is further attached to a
receiver through an adapter.
1. Take about 750ml of water in the steam generator and start heating to
produce steam.
2. In the round bottom flask take about 75g of crushed seeds (saunf/
ajwain/ illaichi).
9
3. A vigorous current of steam from the steam generator is passed
through the round bottom flask.
4. A part of the steam condenses in the round bottom flask. As more and
more steam is passed, the steam volatile components of the seed pass
through the condenser along with steam. These contents of condensation
are collected in the receiver.
5. The contents in the round bottom flask may be heated by a bunsen
burner to prevent excessive condensation of steam.
6. The process of steam distillation is continued for about half an hour.
7. Transfer the distillate to a separating funnel and extract with 20 ml
portions of petroleum ether 3 times.
8. Combine the petroleum ether extracts in a 250ml conical flask and dry
it with the help of anhydrous sodium sulphate.
9. Remove the solvent from the dried filtrate by careful distillation in a
water bath. The essential oil is left behind in the distillation flask.
10. Find the weight of the extracted essential oil. Note the colour, odour
and weight of the essential oil.
10
OBSERVATIONS
1. SAUNF (ANISEED):
Weight of Saunf taken = 100g

Initial weight of the bottle = 10g(x)
Weight of bottle + essential oil = 11.25g(y)
Weight of essential oil extracted = (y-x) = 1.25g
Percentage of essential oil =(y/100)*100 = 1.25%
Colour of the oil = Colourless
Odour of the oil = saunf like smell
2. AJWAIN (CARUM):
Weight of Saunf taken = 75g

Initial Weight of the bottle = 10g(x)
Weight of the bottle + essential oil = 11g(y)
Weight of essential oil extracted =(y-x) = 1g
Percentage of essential oil = (y/75)*100 = 1.33%
Colour of the oil = colourless
Odour of the oil = Ajwain like smell
3. ILLAICHI (CARDAMOM):
Weight of illaichi taken = 100g

Initial weight of the bottle = 10g(x)
Weight of bottle + essential oil = 11.25g(y)
Weight of essential oil extracted = (y-x) = 1.25g
Percentage of essential oil =(y/100)*100 = 1.25%
Colour of the oil = Colourless
Odour of the oil = illaichi like smell
11
RESULT
Essential oils present in Saunf(aniseed), Ajwain(carum)

and Illaichi(cardamom) are extracted from Steam
distillation method.
12
BIBLIOGRAPHY
● https://en.wikipedia.org
● https://www.essentialoils.co.za
● https://in.iherb.com
13

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SRI CHAITANYA TECHNO SCHOOL ,IYYAPPANTHANGAL

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2024-25

Extraction of Essential Oils Present in Saunf (Aniseed),

Ajwain (Carum) and Illaichi (Cardamom)

NAME : TANYA SHREE S

SUB CODE : 043

SRI CHAITANYA TECHNO SCHOOL

This is to certify that Cadet TANYA SHREE S Roll No:_____________ has

successfully completed the project Work entitled Extraction of Essential Oils

Present in Saunf (Aniseed), Ajwain (Carum) and Illaichi (Cardamom) in the

Practical Examination in Class XII to be held in Sri Chaitanya Techno School

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

I express a deep sense of gratitude to almighty God for giving me strength

I express my heartfelt gratitude to my parents for constant encouragement

I gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the individuals who contributed in

My sincere thanks to Mr. Sasidharan sir , Master In-charge, A guide,

S.No. Topic Page no.

5 Saunf (aniseed) Oil 6

6 Ajwain (carum) Oil 7

7 Illaichi (cardamom) Oil 8

An essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile

Extraction of Essential Oils Present in Saunf (Aniseed), Ajwain

(Carum) and Illaichi (Cardamom) using steam distillation

Botanical Name: Pimpinella anisum

Constituents: anethole, de-fenchone, d-α-pinene, d-α-phellandrene,

Colour: ground-grey to greyish brown

Aromatic Description: Distinctive scent of licorice. Rich and sweet.

shing. It is put on fishing lures to attract fish.

Method of extraction: Steam distillation

Botanical Name: Trachyspermum ammi

Constituents: thymol, gamma-terpinene, pcymene, beta-pinene,

Colour: slightly green to brown

Aromatic Description: Warm, pungent, peppery

Method of extraction: Steam distillation

Family: Zingiberaceae or ginger family

Botanical Name: Elettaria cardamomum

Constituents: sabinene, myrcene, a-pinene, b-pinene, aphellandrene,

Aromatic Description: complex aroma with a piney, fruity, and almost

Method of extraction: Steam distillation

Set the apparatus as shown in the

Weight of Saunf taken = 100g

Weight of Saunf taken = 75g

Weight of illaichi taken = 100g

Essential oils present in Saunf(aniseed), Ajwain(carum)

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