CHAPTER-10 (OUR ENVIRONMENT)

 Type Short note on Followings

1. Biotic and abiotic Components
2. ecosystem
3. food chains
4. food webs
5. Natural ecosystem
6. Artifical ecosystem
7. Producers, Consumers, Decomposers
8. Herbivores, Carnivores, Omnivores, Parasites
9. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
10. Biological magnification
11. Ozone layer and its Depletion
12. Biodegradable and Non-biodegradable wastes
13. Methods of waste disposal
 CHAPTER-10 (OUR ENVIRONMENT)

MCQs
Q1) The decomposers in an ecosystem:
a) Convert organic material to inorganic forms
b) Convert inorganic material to simpler forms
c) Convert inorganic material into the organic compound
d) Do not break down the organic compound
Q2) Some waste products are listed below:
Grass Cutting
Polythene Bag
Plastic Toys
Used Tea Bags
Old Clothes
Paper Straw
Which group of waste materials can be classified as non-biodegradable?
a) Plant waste, used tea bags
b) Polyethene bags, plastic toys
c) Used tea bags, paper straw
d) Old clothes, broken footwear
Q3) Which statement shows the interaction of an abiotic component with a biotic
component in an ecosystem?
a) A grasshopper feeding on a leaf
b) Rainwater running down into the lake
c) An earthworm making a burrow in the soil
d) A mouse fighting with another mouse for food
Q4) Which of the following are environment-friendly practices?
a) Carrying a cloth bag to put purchases while shopping.
b) Switching off unnecessary lights and fans
c) Walking to school instead of getting your mother to drop you on her scooter
d) All of the above
Q5) The amount of energy that flows from one trophic level to another in a food chain is
a) 5%
b) 10 %
c) 20 %
d) 15 %
Q6) The manufacturing of Chlorofluorocarbons free refrigerators is mandatory throughout
the world. How does this help prevent ozone depletion?
a) This will help convert oxygen molecules into ozone
b) This will help convert the CFCs into ozone molecules
c) This will reduce the production of CFCs from oxygen molecules
d) This will reduce the release of CFCs that reacts with ozone molecules
Q7) The primary consumers are
a) Carnivores
b) Herbivores
c) Omnivores
d) Producers
Q8) Which of the following is responsible for the depletion of the
ozone layer
a) CFCs b) Oxygen
c) SO2 d) CO2
Q9) Ozone forms by the combination of free oxygen atoms and oxygen
molecules. How do free oxygen atoms form at higher levels of the
atmosphere?
a) By splitting molecular oxygen into free oxygen atoms in the presence
of low-energy UV radiations
b) By splitting molecular oxygen into free oxygen atoms in the presence
of high-energy UV radiations
c) By the combination of two molecular oxygen in the presence of high
energy UV radiations
d) By the combination of two free oxygen atoms in the presence of
lower energy UV radiations
Q10) The driving force of any ecosystem is
a) Carbohydrates
b) Solar energy
c) Biomass
d) ATP
Q11) Kitchen wastes can be hygienically disposed of through
a) Dumping
b) Composting
c) Incineration
d) Recycling
Q12) Environment includes
a) Land, air, water
b) Light, temperature, rainfall
c) Plants, animals, microbes
d) All of these
Q13) Which of the following is a linear arrangement of organisms?
a) Food chain b) Food web
c) Trophic levels d) Community
Q14) An agricultural cropland is
a) A biome
b) A natural ecosystem
c) An artificial ecosystem
d) None of these
Q15) What is the order of the waste management hierarchy, from
most to least favoured?
a) Prevention-Recycle-Reuse-Disposal
b) Prevention-Reuse-Disposal-Recycle
c) Prevention-Disposal-Reuse-Recycle
d) Prevention-Reuse-Recycle-Disposal
Q16) Problem of solid waste disposal can be reduced through
a) Recycling
b) Lesser pollution
c) More timber
d) Population control
Q17) An environment-friendly practice is
a) Using CFLs at homes and offices
b) Using the car to go to nearby places
c) Using AC in every room
d) Burning plastics
Q18) Which of the following limits the number of trophic levels in a
food chain?
a) Water
b) Polluted air and water
c) Deficient food supply
d) Decrease in energy at higher trophic levels
Q19) The cleaners of nature are
a) Producers
b) Consumers
c) Herbivores
d) Decomposers
Q20) Ozone hole may cause
a) Mutations
b) Global warming
c) Skin cancer
d) All of these
Q21) In a food chain, the third trophic level is always occupied by
a) Carnivores
b) Herbivores
c) Producers
d) Decomposers
Q22) The biotic components of an ecosystem consist of
a) Plants and animals
b) Algae and fungi
c) Producers, consumers & decomposers
d) Air, water, soil
Q23) Which of the following could be incinerated?
a) Paper
b) Medicine bottles
c) Needle of the syringe
d) All of the above
Q24) The harmful chemical which is accumulating in human beings
through the food chain is
a) BHC
b) DDT
c) Abscisic acid
d) CFC
Q25) Carnivores represent
a) Primary consumers
b) Reducers
c) Phytoplanktons
d) Secondary and tertiary consumers
Q26) Which of the following constitutes a food chain?
a) Grass, goat and human
b) Goat, cow and elephant
c) Grass, fish and zebra
d) Grass, wheat and apple
Q27) Biodegradable wastes include
a) Aluminium foils
b) Glass bottles
c) Pesticides
d) Wood shavings
Q28) What are the methods by which energy can be recovered from
waste to energy?
(1) Heat
(2) Electricity
(3) Co-generation
a) By (1) and (2)
b) By (2) and (3)
c) By (1), (2) and (3)
d) None of the above
Q29) What is the most expensive component of solid waste handling?
a) Collection
b) Storage
c) Treatment
d) Separation
Q30) Which of the following statement regarding recycling is wrong?
a) Saves precious resources
b) Require stable market
c) Improves efficiency of treatment processes
d) Increases the need for mining virgin materials
 CHAPTER-10 (OUR ENVIRONMENT)

3 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. (a) What is ‘environmental pollution’?
(b) Distinguish between biodegradable and non-biodegradable
pollutants.
(c) Choose the biodegradable pollutants from the list given below:
Sewage, DDT, radioactive waste, agricultural waste.
2. Why are bacteria and fungi called decomposers? List any two
advantages of decomposers to the environment.
3. How is ozone formed in the upper atmosphere? Why is the
damage of ozone layer a cause of concern to us? State a cause of this
damage.
4. Construct an aquatic food chain showing four trophic levels.
5. Explain ‘biological magnification’ with the help of an example.
6. “Damage to the ozone layer is a cause for concern.” Justify this
statement. Suggest any two steps to limit this damage. ‘
7. Explain the phenomenon of “biological magnification” How does it
affect organisms belonging to different trophic levels particularly the
tertiary consumers?
8. Explain the phenomenon of “biological magnification” How does it
affect organisms belonging to different trophic levels particularly the
tertiary consumers?
9. A. What is the role of decomposers in the ecosystem?
B. Consider the following food chain which occurs in a forest: Grass
-> Deer -> Lion If 10000 J of solar energy is available to the grass, how
much energy would be available to the deer to transfer it to the lion?
10.
A.Give an example to illustrate that indiscriminate use of
pesticides may result-in thedegradation of the environment.
B. Why is it necessary to conserve our environment?
C. Select two non-biodegradable substances from the following
waste generated in a kitchen: spoilt food, paper bags, milk bags,
vegetable peels, tin cans, used tea leaves.