5.2 Operators in Java

Operators in Java
Operator in Java is a symbol that is used to perform operations. For

example: +, -, *, / etc.
There are many types of operators in Java which are given below:
o Unary Operator,
o Arithmetic Operator,
o Shift Operator,
o Relational Operator,
o Bitwise Operator,
o Logical Operator,
o Ternary Operator and
o Assignment Operator.
Java Operator Precedence
Operator Type Category Precedence
Unary postfix expr++ expr--
prefix ++expr --expr +expr -expr ~ !
Arithmetic multiplicative * / %
additive + -
Shift shift << >> >>>
Relational comparison < > <= >= instanceof
equality == !=
Bitwise bitwise AND &
bitwise exclusive ^
OR
bitwise inclusive |
OR
Logical logical AND &&
logical OR ||
Ternary ternary ? :
Assignment assignment = += -= *= /= %= &= ^= |= <<= >>= >>>=
Java Unary Operator

The Java unary operators require only one operand. Unary operators are
used to perform various operations i.e.:
o incrementing/decrementing a value by one

o negating an expression
o inverting the value of a boolean
Java Unary Operator Example: ++ and --
1. public class OperatorExample{

2. public static void main(String args[]){
3. int x=10;
4. System.out.println(x++);//10 (11)
5. System.out.println(++x);//12
6. System.out.println(x--);//12 (11)
7. System.out.println(--x);//10
8. }}
Output:
10
12
12
10
Java Unary Operator Example 2: ++ and --

3. int a=10;
4. int b=10;
5. System.out.println(a++ + ++a);//10+12=22
6. System.out.println(b++ + b++);//10+11=21
7.
8. }}
Output:
22
21
Java Unary Operator Example: ~ and !

3. int a=10;
4. int b=-10;
5. boolean c=true;
6. boolean d=false;
7. System.out.println(~a);//-11 (minus of total positive value which star
ts from 0)
8. System.out.println(~b);//9 (positive of total minus, positive starts fro
m 0)
9. System.out.println(!c);//false (opposite of boolean value)
10. System.out.println(!d);//true
11. }}
Output:
-11
9
false
true
Java Arithmetic Operators

Java arithmetic operators are used to perform addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division. They act as basic mathematical operations.
Java Arithmetic Operator Example

3. int a=10;
4. int b=5;
5. System.out.println(a+b);//15
6. System.out.println(a-b);//5
7. System.out.println(a*b);//50
8. System.out.println(a/b);//2
9. System.out.println(a%b);//0
10. }}
Output:
15
5
50
2
0
Java Arithmetic Operator Example: Expression

3. System.out.println(10*10/5+3-1*4/2);
4. }}
Output:
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21
Java Left Shift Operator

The Java left shift operator << is used to shift all of the bits in a value to
the left side of a specified number of times.
Java Left Shift Operator Example

3. System.out.println(10<<2);//10*2^2=10*4=40
7. }}
Output:
40
80
80
240
Java Right Shift Operator

The Java right shift operator >> is used to move the value of the left
operand to right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.
Java Right Shift Operator Example
1. public OperatorExample{
3. System.out.println(10>>2);//10/2^2=10/4=2
6. }}
Output:
2
5
2
Java Shift Operator Example: >> vs >>>

3. //For positive number, >> and >>> works same
4. System.out.println(20>>2);
5. System.out.println(20>>>2);
6. //For negative number, >>> changes parity bit (MSB) to 0
7. System.out.println(-20>>2);
8. System.out.println(-20>>>2);
9. }}
Output:
5
5
-5
1073741819
Java AND Operator Example: Logical && and Bitwise &

The logical && operator doesn't check the second condition if the first
condition is false. It checks the second condition only if the first one is
true.
The bitwise & operator always checks both conditions whether first
condition is true or false.
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3. int a=10;
4. int b=5;
5. int c=20;
6. System.out.println(a<b&&a<c);//false && true = false
7. System.out.println(a<b&a<c);//false & true = false
8. }}
Output:
false
false
Java AND Operator Example: Logical && vs Bitwise &

3. int a=10;
4. int b=5;
5. int c=20;
6. System.out.println(a<b&&a++<c);//false && true = false
7. System.out.println(a);//10 because second condition is not checked
8. System.out.println(a<b&a++<c);//false && true = false
9. System.out.println(a);//11 because second condition is checked
10. }}
Output:
false
10
false
11
Java OR Operator Example: Logical || and Bitwise |

The logical || operator doesn't check the second condition if the first
condition is true. It checks the second condition only if the first one is
false.
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The bitwise | operator always checks both conditions whether first

condition is true or false.

3. int a=10;
4. int b=5;
5. int c=20;
6. System.out.println(a>b||a<c);//true || true = true
7. System.out.println(a>b|a<c);//true | true = true
8. //|| vs |
9. System.out.println(a>b||a++<c);//true || true = true
10. System.out.println(a);//10 because second condition is not che
cked
11. System.out.println(a>b|a++<c);//true | true = true
12. System.out.println(a);//11 because second condition is checke
d
13. }}
Output:
true
true
true
10
true
11
Java Ternary Operator

Java Ternary operator is used as one line replacement for if-then-else
statement and used a lot in Java programming. It is the only conditional
operator which takes three operands.
Java Ternary Operator Example

3. int a=2;
4. int b=5;
5. int min=(a<b)?a:b;
6. System.out.println(min);
7. }}
Output:
Another Example:

3. int a=10;
4. int b=5;
5. int min=(a<b)?a:b;
6. System.out.println(min);
7. }}
Output:
Java Assignment Operator

Java assignment operator is one of the most common operators. It is used
to assign the value on its right to the operand on its left.
Java Assignment Operator Example

3. int a=10;
4. int b=20;
5. a+=4;//a=a+4 (a=10+4)
6. b-=4;//b=b-4 (b=20-4)
7. System.out.println(a);
8. System.out.println(b);
9. }}
Output:
14
16
Java Assignment Operator Example

2. public static void main(String[] args){
3. int a=10;
4. a+=3;//10+3
6. a-=4;//13-4
8. a*=2;//9*2
10. a/=2;//18/2
12. }}
Output:
13
9
18
9
Java Assignment Operator Example: Adding short

3. short a=10;
4. short b=10;
5. //a+=b;//a=a+b internally so fine
6. a=a+b;//Compile time error because 10+10=20 now int
8. }}
Output:
Compile time error
After type cast:

3. short a=10;
4. short b=10;
5. a=(short)(a+b);//20 which is int now converted to short
7. }}
Output:
20

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Operators in Java

Operator in Java is a symbol that is used to perform operations. For

Java Operator Precedence

Operator Type Category Precedence

Unary postfix expr++ expr--

prefix ++expr --expr +expr -expr ~ !

Shift shift << >> >>>

Relational comparison < > <= >= instanceof

Bitwise bitwise AND &

Logical logical AND &&

Assignment assignment = += -= *= /= %= &= ^= |= <<= >>= >>>=

Java Unary Operator

o incrementing/decrementing a value by one

Java Unary Operator Example: ++ and --

1. public class OperatorExample{

Java Unary Operator Example 2: ++ and --

1. public class OperatorExample{

Java Unary Operator Example: ~ and !

1. public class OperatorExample{

Java Arithmetic Operators

Java Arithmetic Operator Example

1. public class OperatorExample{

Java Arithmetic Operator Example: Expression

1. public class OperatorExample{

Java Left Shift Operator

Java Left Shift Operator Example

1. public class OperatorExample{

Java Right Shift Operator

Java Right Shift Operator Example

Java Shift Operator Example: >> vs >>>

1. public class OperatorExample{

Java AND Operator Example: Logical && and Bitwise &

1. public class OperatorExample{

Java AND Operator Example: Logical && vs Bitwise &

1. public class OperatorExample{

Java OR Operator Example: Logical || and Bitwise |

The bitwise | operator always checks both conditions whether first

1. public class OperatorExample{

Java Ternary Operator

1. public class OperatorExample{

1. public class OperatorExample{

Java Assignment Operator

Java Assignment Operator Example

1. public class OperatorExample{

Java Assignment Operator Example

1. public class OperatorExample{

Java Assignment Operator Example: Adding short

1. public class OperatorExample{

After type cast:

1. public class OperatorExample{

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