CSI 1103

The Impact of Artificial

Intelligence on Society and
Jobs
Literature Review

Sandanu Hewage
IUFC232HEM
Table of Contents
1 Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 2
2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 2
2.1 Background Information ................................................................................................. 2
2.2 Research Objective ......................................................................................................... 2
3 Literature Review.................................................................................................................... 2
3.1 What is Artificial Intelligence? ....................................................................................... 3
3.1.1 Definition and Overview......................................................................................... 3
3.1.2 Transformative Technology .................................................................................... 3
3.2 The Role of AI in Society ............................................................................................... 3
3.2.1 Societal Implications ............................................................................................... 3
3.2.2 Impact on Daily Life ............................................................................................... 3
3.3 AI and the Labor Market................................................................................................. 4
3.3.1 Job Displacement .................................................................................................... 4
3.3.2 Need for Upskilling and Reskilling ........................................................................ 4
4 Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 4
4.1 Data Collection ............................................................................................................... 4
4.1.1 Qualitative Interviews ............................................................................................. 4
4.1.2 Quantitative Data Analysis ..................................................................................... 4
4.2 Data Analysis .................................................................................................................. 5
4.2.1 Qualitative Analysis ................................................................................................ 5
4.2.2 Quantitative Analysis .............................................................................................. 5
4.3 Theoretical Approach Framework .................................................................................. 5
4.4 Ethical Considerations .................................................................................................... 5
4.4.1 Informed Consent.................................................................................................... 5
4.4.2 Confidentiality ........................................................................................................ 5
4.4.3 Transparency ........................................................................................................... 6
5 Results ..................................................................................................................................... 6
6 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 6
7 References ............................................................................................................................... 7

1
1 Abstract
Over the years, artificial intelligence has developed into a powerful technology integrated into
society and jobs in the world. AI can be useful for improving day-to-day life efficiently and
productively. This has made significant changes to society and the job market. Everything has a
good side as well as a bad side. This literature review examines a comprehensive understanding
of how artificial intelligence has made an impact on society and jobs by synthesising all the
recent studies and research. This analysis also highlights the positive and negative impacts of
artificial intelligence.

2 Introduction
2.1 Background Information
In a break, this is the game-changing technology that is using artificial intelligence
technology and affecting many aspects of the economy as well as the world as a whole.
Concerns about its impact on productivity and on the labour market are mounting, and usage
is coming off fast. Stakeholders need to be aware of the implications of AI on innovation,
consumer behaviour, skill makeup, and market competition. According to this latest study,
these implications require further investigation. (Abrardi and others, 2022).

2.2 Research Objective

This work aims to understand the whole complexity of AI's effects on social and economic
dynamics. The idea implies that AI will dramatically alter consumer behaviour, competitive
environments, labour markets, and productivity. (Makridakis, 2017)

3 Literature Review
According to the reviewed literature, AI is already beginning to play an increasingly decisive
role in the economy and become the engine of productivity and economic growth (Abrardi et al.,
2021). However, improving the quality of work will not come without difficulties, as it requires
reining in the current workforce structure and developing in detail the training program that
could equip employees with the needed skills for a new era of the job.

2
3.1 What is Artificial Intelligence?
3.1.1 Definition and Overview
Introduction to the topic Artificial intelligence can be described as the manner in which
these systems, and specifically computer systems, mimic the human thought processes.
According to Russell and Norvig (2016), it is defined as a set of processes that involve
learning the process of gaining knowledge and rules of how to use it, reasoning the process
of applying rules to obtain approximate or certain conclusions, and reparation.

3.1.2 Transformative Technology

Artificial intelligence is not limited to machine learning, natural language processing,
robotics, or other technologies as described above. Indeed, the birth of artificial
intelligence in the middle of the twentieth century has experienced tremendous growth.
Turing suggested the Turing Test in the year 1950 as an initial step toward the formulation
of certain standards for computer intelligence. AI has thus long been accepted as an
innovative form of technology that cuts across most sectors. (Turing, 1950)

3.2 The Role of AI in Society

3.2.1 Societal Implications
The stunted growth of the technology has left important concerns regarding AI’s impact on
social structures, norms, and interaction without a proper discussion. With their increased
seeping into our daily lives, AI systems have the capacity to disturb not only our
communication and decision-making but also the way our societies work (Susskind &
Susskind, 2015). For example, AI-based social media algorithms could help polarise the
community by affecting the public opinion and ways of the society.

3.2.2 Impact on Daily Life

Additionally, AI technologies are making their way more and more into daily life,
influencing how people work together, interact with one another, and use products and
services. According to Shum (2018, p. 2), virtual assistants such as Siri and Alexa were
able to engage with technology more in a conversational way from our smartphones since
the early days.

3
3.3 AI and the Labor Market
3.3.1 Job Displacement
With its potential to be a massive economic booster and efficiency driver, AI can conduct
simplifying processes and improve corporate efficiency. And the more powerful AI gets,
the more people are worried that it will replace humans in too large a number of
occupations where people use it (McKinsey Global Institute, 2018). Artificial Intelligence
is forecast to add $13 trillion to the global economy by 2030. Some jobs can become old,
while others may emerge to require a different weighting among the workforce.

3.3.2 Need for Upskilling and Reskilling

This transition towards AI-driven operation will make workers need to learn new skills to
continue staying competitive in the changing employment market. However, the need for
the reskilling and upskilling of workers for the work of an AI-centric economy is a key
program (Bessen, 2019).

4 Methodology
This study utilises a combined qualitative and quantitative method in order to thoroughly explore
the diverse effects of the use of AI on a number of industries as well as the implications for the
workforce dynamics of the future. (Snyder, H., 2019).

4.1 Data Collection

4.1.1 Qualitative Interviews
For the field tests, we will be conducting in-depth interviews with stakeholders, workers,
and industry experts in various industries that have been AI impacted. With these
interviews, we will gather rich, contextual information on individual experiences,
perspectives, and the multitude of effects the implementation of AI will have on job roles
and organisational structures.

4.1.2 Quantitative Data Analysis

Surveys will be used to get quantitative data from a larger population in order to
complement the qualitative findings. This means the study will be able to analyse attitudes,
quantify trends, and look for correlations between the shift in the workforce and the

4
 integration of AI. Structured questions will be included in the survey so that statistical
analysis will be easier.

4.2 Data Analysis

4.2.1 Qualitative Analysis
Quantitative data will be collected from interviews, and the results are qualified by the
thematic analysis. Thus, the data needs to be coded to find recurrent themes and patterns
that appear in the narratives of the participants and so on. The way that it lets us understand
the subjective experiences of being an AI in the workplace better.

4.2.2 Quantitative Analysis

The statistical analysis of quantitative information collected from surveys will be done.
Use of inferential statistics to test between hypotheses and/or to test correlations between
variables and descriptive statistics to summarise the data. Dual analysis guarantees a
holistic understanding of the way in which AI affects many.

4.3 Theoretical Approach Framework

The theoretical framework for the study is based on socio-technical systems theory,
characterising the relationship between social and technological factors in organisational
contexts. It will thereby provide the direction to analyse how AI technologies affect a company
culture, change in workforce dynamics, and changing employees’s roles and responsibilities
along with business operations. As a result of this framework, the study aims to explain the
problems that currently surround the integration of AI in existing systems and the potential
labour market implications. (Bojić, Cinelli, Ćulibrk, & Delibašić, 2024)

4.4 Ethical Considerations

4.4.1 Informed Consent
Participants will all be explained about the goals, methods, and consequences of
withdrawal of their study at any point. A study consent will be obtained before the start of
participation occurs.

4.4.2 Confidentiality
All acquired data will be at the highest level of secrecy. Personal identifiers will be
removed for anonymity, and participants’s privacy will be preserved by storing data
securely.

5
 4.4.3 Transparency
The outcomes of the investigation will be made openly observable, and the research
technique can be examined and verified.

5 Results
It will present interesting results regarding how businesses might adapt to these developments
and leverage AI technology to increase output while resolving labour transition issues. These
implications are important because these findings indicate companies need to give reskilling
programmes priority over investment into AI technologies to enable workers to thrive in an
increasingly automated workplace.

6 Conclusion

To summarise, artificial intelligence needs to be incorporated into our economic and social
landscapes proactively and ethically. However, AI has merged impacts, which stakeholders must
realise and balance between the potential for technological growth in the economy and the risk of
job displacement and inequality. To effectively tap the potential of AI in creating competitive and
inclusive global growth, continuous research is key to developing strategies that ascertain that AI
can serve humanity’s better interests. This is because AI lacks the human qualities of moral
judgement of beneficence, accountability, and transparency that are absolutely critical.

6
7 References

Abrardi, L., Cambini, C., & Rondi, L. (2022). Artificial intelligence, firms and consumer behavior:
A survey. Journal of Economic Surveys, 36(4), 969-991. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12455

Makridakis, S. (2017). The forthcoming artificial intelligence (AI) revolution: Its impact on society
and firms. Futures, 90, 46-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2017.03.008

Agrawal, A., Gans, J., & Goldfarb, A. (2019). An economic perspective on artificial intelligence.
NATO Defense College, 7-15. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/resrep19966.8.pdf

Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines.

Journal of Business Research, 104, 333-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.022

Bojić, L., Cinelli, M., Ćulibrk, D., & Delibašić, B. (2024). CERN for AI: A theoretical framework
for autonomous simulation-based artificial intelligence testing and alignment. European Journal
of Futures Research, 12(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40309-024-00238-0

Russell, S. J., & Norvig, P. (2016). Artificial intelligence: A modern approach (3rd ed.). Pearson.
Turing, A. M. (1950). Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind, 59(236), 433-460.
http://www.cs.colostate.edu/~howe/cs440/csroo/yr2015fa/more_assignments/turing.pdf

Susskind, A. M. (2015). Communication richness: Why some guest complaints go right to the
top—and others do not. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 56(3), 320-331.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965514560161

Buckingham Shum, S., Ferguson, R., & Martinez-Maldonado, R. (2019). Human-centred learning
analytics. Journal of Learning Analytics, 6(2), 1-9. https://oro.open.ac.uk/62742/1/document.pdf

7
Stefán, C. I. (2023). The World Economic Forum. In The Palgrave Handbook of Non-State Actors
in East-West Relations (pp. 1-13). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-
3-031-05750-2_21-1

Trabelsi, M. A. (2024). The impact of artificial intelligence on economic development. Journal of

Electronic Business & Digital Economics. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEBDE-10-2023-0022

Peixoto, T. C., Canuto, O., & Jordan, L. (2024). AI and the future of government: Unexpected
effects and critical challenges. Policy Center for the New South. https://www.cmacrodev.com/ai-
and-the-future-of-government-unexpected-effects-and-critical-challenges/

Sandanu Hewage
IUFC232HEM