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Python_Libraries_Overview

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Python_Libraries_Overview

Uploaded by

rashid.chegg12
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Python Libraries Overview: NumPy, Pandas, Matplotlib, Sklearn, TensorFlow

1. NumPy

- What is NumPy and why is it used?

Answer: NumPy is a Python library for numerical computing, particularly for operations on large,

multi-dimensional arrays and matrices. It offers a range of mathematical functions to operate on

these arrays efficiently.

- How do you create a NumPy array?

Answer: Use the numpy.array() function:

import numpy as np

arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])

- What is the shape and how do you get it?

Answer: The shape of a NumPy array refers to its dimensions. You can get it using the .shape

attribute:

arr.shape

2. Pandas

- What is Pandas and why is it used?

Answer: Pandas is a powerful data manipulation library in Python, designed for working with

structured data (e.g., data frames). It provides tools for reading, cleaning, transforming, and

analyzing data.

- How do you read a CSV file in Pandas?


Answer: Use the pandas.read_csv() function:

import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_csv('file.csv')

- How do you handle missing data in a Pandas DataFrame?

Answer: You can handle missing data using functions like fillna() to fill missing values or

dropna() to remove rows/columns with missing values:

df.fillna(0)

df.dropna()

3. Matplotlib

- What is Matplotlib used for?

Answer: Matplotlib is a plotting library for creating static, animated, and interactive visualizations

in Python. It's commonly used for data visualization tasks.

- How do you create a basic plot?

Answer: Use matplotlib.pyplot.plot() to create a basic line plot:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.plot([1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6])

plt.show()

- How do you label axes and add a title to a plot?

Answer: Use the xlabel(), ylabel(), and title() functions:

plt.xlabel('X-axis label')

plt.ylabel('Y-axis label')

plt.title('Plot Title')
plt.show()

4. Sklearn (Scikit-learn)

- What is Scikit-learn?

Answer: Scikit-learn is a machine learning library for Python that provides simple and efficient

tools for data mining and data analysis, including classification, regression, clustering, and more.

- How do you split data into training and testing sets?

Answer: Use the train_test_split() function:

from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2)

- What is overfitting in machine learning?

Answer: Overfitting occurs when a model learns not only the underlying pattern in the training

data but also the noise, leading to poor generalization to new, unseen data.

5. TensorFlow

- What is TensorFlow and why is it used?

Answer: TensorFlow is an open-source library developed by Google for machine learning and

deep learning tasks. It is widely used for building neural networks and other machine learning

models.

- How do you create a basic neural network in TensorFlow?

Answer: You can use tensorflow.keras to build a neural network:

import tensorflow as tf

from tensorflow.keras import layers


model = tf.keras.Sequential([

layers.Dense(64, activation='relu', input_shape=(784,)),

layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')

])

- What are tensors in TensorFlow?

Answer: Tensors are the core data structures in TensorFlow. They are multi-dimensional arrays

that can store data in the form of scalars, vectors, matrices, and higher-dimensional arrays.

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