Overall background of the participants of the

project; area / school: (socio-economic

status, occupation / profession – earning
trends of majority of the parents, literacy
rate, academic quality, and any other
special trait of the community where the
school is situated) 10 (marks)

This action research was conducted in

khyber public school khwaza khela swat.
Background:
The school provides best quality education
and progress for future .
The school is situated in my entire city Khwaza
khela .This school is many years ago old have
twenty six rooms and two offices and an
assembly ground with beautiful greenery. The
building of the school is not very good but
much better than others .The school is in the
nice place. The view of the school is so
good .Many plants and trees are there in the
school. There is also a small play
ground .Children play many games in it like
cricket and do exercise.there is a scientific
laboratory and library which contains many
books according to the students needs.
Participants:
The participants of my my research were the
students of grade 8th.
Socio economic status:
The number of students of grade 8th is 32 .All
the students have different background..
Every students have different
story.People of all socioeconomic statuses,
including those of lower, middle, and upper st
atus, reside here.
Occupation and earning trends of the
parents:

It is rural area therefore most people are

attached with agriculture.25% of the parents
of students were attached to agriculture.5 %
in teaching and
8% worked as labourers or servants in the arm
y and police, while 5% were teachers.
Most of the students parents had a medium
economic level ,So
thus they did not receive all of their financial s
upport from family.

Literacy rate:
I noted that literacy rate of the village was not
so bad. It was 45% but it was good from other
villages around..People of this village are not
educated but know the value of education for
this purpose they send their children to
school.
1.Why did you select this specific sub-theme
and topic? Relate it to your experience /
problem in your classroom / institution. (10
marks)
I select this specific theme because Problem-
solving is a practical skill applicable across various
situations. Focusing on it can help students become
better equipped to handle challenges in their academic
and personal lives.
Other reason of selection of selecting this theme:
Personal Growth: Problem-solving fosters
resilience and adaptability. My research might
reveal how students' confidence and self-
esteem develop as they successfully tackle
problems.
Preparation for Future Learning: Effective
problem-solving lays the foundation for
complex subjects in higher grades. My
research could shed light on how grade 8
students' problem-solving abilities contribute
to their overall academic success.
Real-World Application: Problem-solving is
a practical skill applicable across various
situations. Focusing on it can help students
become better equipped to handle challenges
in their academic and personal lives.
As according to my personal experience and
the class room problems When I went to
school and was giving a lecture in the class, at
the end of the class I asked the children what
do you do after school and how do you
manage your time?
I took a look at my institution and asked the
same Question and lots of other Question on
which students facing problems.But there was
no satisfactory response.
So then I thought that either these children
cannot solve their problems due to parental
expectations or the academic pressure on
them is too much and they do not think
clearly.
Therefore, I thought of developing these skills
in them so that they can think independently
and look at the root of the problem and these
skills can be developed in them to know that
from where and why this problem is come.
2.What was your discussion with your
colleague / friend / senior teacher or
supervisor regarding the problem? (05
marks)
After taking the class, I went to meet my
principal and informed her about this
discussion and some of my conclusion related
to my research
She appreciate me and she said that is a
great idea we will engage parents, we could
hold workshops on problem-solving strategies,
so they can support their children's
development at home as well.
And she also said: that absolutely I think we
should start by teaching them a structured
approach to problem-solving. Something like
identifying the problem, brainstorming
solutions, evaluating each option, and then
taking action.
I also discussed some of my conclusion related
to my research with my friends.
she said that there is a lack of problem-
solving skills among our children, and these
skills must be developed in our children.
So that he can understand the root of his
problems and then solve it himself.
3.What did you find about the problem in
the existing literature (books / articles /
websites)? (10 marks)
(Explore books and online resources to know
what and how has been already done
regarding this problem)_
In my research project .I read different articles
and books on websites.I found that data about
my project .Before this many researches
worked in how to improve problems solvings
skills in students .
I thoroughly studied all the relevant data
about my topic which I selected for the
aspects regarding this problem solving skills is
not only used by adults but it is also essential
to create the basics of children's problems
solving skills in this growth and development
phase Solasamano(2012) also states that
"Problem solving skills is resulted in the
learning process which is an important
learning result an education"
Problem solving skills for early childhood is
very essential to be passed because when
children can solve problems they can treate
the ability to think logically ,critically
systematically (Romadona and Hamadoymi
(2018).
Izzapy (2010) adults in her research that there
are three reasons about the importance of
problem solving skills for early
childhood.Those reasons influencing the
function of see far adjustment in focusing
conflict.
Bring positive and continued reputation to
compethenics.
Positive problem solving which possibly
influenced the relationship with friends.
The problems faced by children should be
immediately solved or responded. In many
adults often getting involved and solve
problem that should be solved by their
children's.
However,whatever problems faced by children
even on small things can be an opportunity for
the children to develop their problems solving
skills.(Brown 1988).
Another research shows children obtain
problems solving skills which start from pee
school period and experiment based
education programme. Can be implemented to
improve children problem solving skills (Unal
Aral 2014)
The process of problem solving typically
involves stages such as identifying the
problem, generating potential solutions,
evaluating options, selecting the best course
of action, and implementing the solution."
(Reference: Simon, H. A. (1978). Information
processing models of cognition. Annual Review
of Psychology, 29(1), 83-115.)
According to Bin ghom ,children problems
solving skills see how child ran with problems
solving skills utilize .The opportunity they have
,find out different solutions to solve different
solutions to solve difficulty they face and
make presentation about something children
maintain their interests and attention to
certain topics for the long period they also
notice the details and realize their mistakes
(Mclennan 2012).
A research by MCLenna 2012 )Faced that by
using arts in solving the problems which can
be regularly done,can help children to be long
life thinkers .
4.What were the major variables /
construct of your project? Give
definitions / description from literature.
(05 marks)
(What are the key terms in your topic or
study? what do you mean of these terms?
What particular meaning you will attach to the
term when used in this project?)
The topic of my research is developing
problems solving skills through root cause
analysis and why technique among grade 8th
students
Problem-solving skills refer to the ability to
identify, analyze, and find effective solutions
to challenges or issues that arise in various
situations. It involves logical thinking,
creativity, and practicality to overcome
obstacles and achieve desired outcomes.
Root cause analysis is a technique used in
problem-solving to identify the underlying or
fundamental reasons that contribute to a
specific issue or problem.
The "Why" technique, also known as the "5
Whys," is a problem-solving approach that
involves asking "why" multiple times to
uncover the root cause of a problem. By
repeatedly asking "why," you dig deeper into
the layers of causation until you identify the
fundamental reason behind the issue.
5.What did you want to achieve in this
research project? (05 marks)
(Objective / purpose of the study; what was
the critical question that was tried to be
answered in this project)

I want to improve problem solving skills in

students through the use of root cause
analysis and why technique.
According to my topic the objectives are:
1) To understand the students to find the root
cause of the problem.
2)To find the possible methods and ways to
reduce the problem solving techniques.
3) To find the appropriate methods for solving
problems .

•Purpose:
The main purpose is to find out its ability to
find the root cause of difficult problems and to
make a suitable solutions for the problem .
Critical questions!
The critical questions in my topic is How can I
improve the problem solving skills in students.
6.Who were the participants in your
project? (05 marks)
(Give details of the individuals or groups who
were focused in this project e.g. the early-
grade students whose handwriting in Urdu
was not good or the students of class VIII who
did not have good communication skills)
Participants of my project were given
below with individual details.
1:students.
2: School principal.
3:Parents of students.
Individually each participants plays different
roles.
1:students.
In my research the students of grade 8th are
involved. Many students responded well to
me, but they lacked problem-solving Skills and
abilities.
2)School principal.
The principal of the school supported and
encouraged me a lot in my project and also
arranged the meeting of the parents of the
students in the school.
•2)Parents of the students.
I hold many meeting of parents to students I
observed huge difference between educated
and uneducated parents speaking and
thinking skills .
7.How did you try to solve the problem?
(10 marks)
(Narrate the process step-wise. Procedure of
intervention and data collection)
According to my topic ,Developing problem
solving skills in students through root cause
analysis and why technique and I choose
grade 8th students for my project.
Procedure of intervention:

Firstly I judeged the problem and I prepared a

performa and observation sheet.that how
many students lack problems solving skills
and how this problem “developing problems
solving skills”can be improved in students so
that the students solve their problem in a
better way .
Root cause analysis:
Therefore, I thought of developing these skills
in them so that they can think independently
and look at the root of the problem and these
skills can be developed in them to know that
from where and why this problem is come.To
identify the underlying reasons for the
problem.
Whys technique:
Then I developed whys technique skills in
students to ask why again and again to find
the root of the problems.
The idea behind this technique is to keep
asking "why" until they reach a point where
the answer reveals a fundamental reason for
the problem.

For example to ask:

why I am fail ?
Why I cannot come to school on time?
The "Whys" technique is a problem-solving
method that involves asking "why" repeatedly
to get to the root cause of a problem. It's a
simple but effective way to uncover deeper
layers of causation and understand the
underlying factors that contribute to an issue.
Data collection.
At last I prepared a questionaire and then I
judged about improvement collected data
through the questionnaire .
8.What kind of instrument was used to
collect the data? How was the instrument
developed? (05 marks)
(For example: observation, rating scale,
interview, student work, portfolio, test, etc)

Observation Sheet: in the beginning of

class I prepared an observation sheet to judge
general aspects of problem solving skills.
Interview:
I used to arranged a structured interview to
get the data we need ,through this interview.
In this interview five Questions were designed
according to the requirements of researcher
being conducted.
Will you be able to find the solution of your
problems with root cause analysis and whys
techniques? (Yes/No)
Do you believe that problem-solving skills are
important in daily life? (Yes/No)
Do you believe that analyzing the root cause
is crucial for effective problem-solving?
(Yes/No)
Do you feel that problem-solving skills can be
learned and improved over time? (Yes/No)
Do you find satisfaction in solving problems
that others find challenging? (Yes/No).

Rating Scale:
Then I gave them a task in order to
understand whether they have understood the
problem or not.
However ,I found that some students
understood the problem very quickly but some
very lazy to understanding .
Questionaire preparation and test:
In this method I prepared a questionnaire to
rate the ability of students in understanding
the problem.
9. What were the findings and
conclusion? (Provide instruments and
analysis as appendix) (10 marks)
Findings:
I used the scale structure interview to get the
students response toward the problem solving
skills through root cause analysis and why
technique .
Total students in this structure interview were
32.

Will you be able to find the

solution of your problems with
root cause analysis and whys
techniques?
Yes agree Somehow Disagree
22 8 2
68.75% 35.5% 6%
There were 32 respondents who gave their
opinion.it showed that
25.5% students were motivated to solve their
problems through root cause analysis and why
technique And 68.75% got it right to some
extent.

Do you believe that analyzing the

root cause is crucial for effective
problem-solving?
Yes agree Somehow Disagree
17 10 5
53.12% 31.25% 15.62%

Opinions of 53% students of the class is that

root cause analysis is very crucial for problems
solving and 31% students were also agree To
some extents.
After learning these skills Do you
believe that problem-solving
skills are important in daily life?
Yes agree Somehow Disagree
12 14 6
37.5% 43.75% 18.75%
There were 32 respondents in the class 37.5%
students gave their opinions that after
learning these skills they feel that problem
solving skills are important in daily life.
43.75% students were agreed upto some
extents.

Test data:
Test results after the action of this research
the problem solving skills of children were
improved .The analysis of the students
problem solving skills show that that there is a
gradual improvement in their problems solving
skills.
Conclusion:
the action research conducted on problem-
solving skills among grade 8 students
revealed valuable insights. The action
research demonstrated effective problem-
solving strategies the students. The problem
solving skills of children were improved . The
students showed noticeable improvements in
their ability to analyze and solve various
problems.
The students problem solving skills is shown
from it difference of the students mean score
between before and after the action. During
the implementation of the action the students
were more active and relaxed ,Many students
responded well to me. .It was totally different
from their attitude in first meeting but it was
difficult improve skills because it was rural
area.

10. Summary of the Project (05 marks)

(What and how was the research
conducted – main objective, process and
findings)
My research topic is problems solving skills
through root cause analysis and why
technique among grade 8th students.
This action research was conducted in
khyber public school khwaza khela swat.The
participants of my my research were the
students of grade 8th. The number of
students of grade 8th is 32.
Most of the students parents had a medium
economic level.
I want to improve problem solving skills in
students through the use of root cause
analysis and why technique. Participants of my
project were :1:students. 2: School
principal.3:Parents of students.
I used to arranged a structured interview to
get the data we need
In this research . In this interview five
Questions were designed according to the
requirements of researcher being conducted.
Test results after the action of this research
the problem solving skills of children were
improved .The analysis of the students
problem solving skills show that that there is a
gradual improvement in their problems solving
skills.
11. How do you feel about this practice?
What have you learnt? (self-reflection)
(10
marks)
My research in rural area school Khyber public
school khwaza khela on improving problem
solving skills in students and my project
participants were class students .
My students were of grade 8th .In rural areas
people usually speak language in Pushto.
Varying the problems also requires changing
the strategies that will yield successful
solution.
I used different activities in class many
students have weak problems solving skills .
After performing the activity the students work
happy and were satisfied . They were very
active.They took interest in learning new
ideas.
I feel very good and I think in rural areas
teachers should concentrates on the students
who have weak problems solving skills.
I have learn how to look beyond surface
problems and dig deeper to find the real
reasons behind them. Importantly, i learn that
problem-solving isn't just about fixing things;
it's about improving systems, products, and
processes. This newfound knowledge helps me
to approach challenges more effectively.
I also learn many skills which that I did not
know already and I corrected my concepts
that were wrong.
The Overall, I learn that root cause analysis is
a powerful technique that research has
highlighted as a crucial step in effective
problem-solving. It's a structured way to go
deep into the complexities of problems,
leading to lasting solutions and continuous
improvement.

12. What has it added to your professional

skills as a teacher? (05 marks)

Problem-solving skills are highly beneficial for

teachers in enhancing their professional
capabilities:
Adaptability:
I often encounter unexpected challenges in
the classroom. Problem-solving skills enable
meto adapt quickly and find creative solutions
to keep the learning process smooth.
Classroom Management:
Handling behavioral issues or disruptions
demands effective problem-solving. I can
devise strategies to maintain a positive
classroom environment.
As a teacher i can sat that When a teacher can
identify the root causes of students' learning
difficulties, they can tailor their teaching
methods to better suit individual needs.
It has made me innovative . I started to find
out new things before .
I had no interest but I started my project ,I felt
great change in my thinking . I am capable to
find out new things and this project made me
very innovative.
It has made me a good ,effective teacher and
mentor .It has made me capable to guide the
students for right direction.It has made me a
good role model.How can I encouraged the
students and lead me capable to guide the
students for right direction.How can I
encourage the students to right success .
It has made me confident .A teachers
confidence can help to influence others to be
better person.
 I corrected my concepts that were wrong. It
added many new skills of listening .Learning
and skills of problem solving of students all
these skills are added to my professional by
the help of this
Project.

13. List the works you cited in your

project (follow the APA manual – 6th
Edition). (05
marks)
Examples of format are available on
websites.
•Heywarth R .M (1999) procedural and
conceptual knowledge of experts and novics
students for solving of a basic problem.
•Elavell .J.H (1976) Metacognitive aspects of
problem solving .In Resick L.B (FD).
The nature of
intelligence .Hillsdale,NT .Lawrence Eslhaum.
•Friege ,G and lind G (2006) types and
qualities of knowledge and their solution of
problem solving and their solving in physical
international Journel of science and
Mathematical Education 4,437-465.
•Pasandsford .J.and stein B (1984).
The IDEAL ,Problems solves .A guide for
improving thinking ,learning and
Creating ,New York W.H freeman
•Gobel .D.L and Bunce D.M (1994) .
Research on problem solving ,chemistry in D.L
Gabel (Ed).
Hand book of research on science ,teaching
and learning project of national Science
Haches association New York .