AMC Formulae

IMPORTANT TRIGONOMETRIC FORMULAE :
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MAXIMUM & MINIMUM VALUES OF QUADRATICEXPRESSION :
Maximum or Minimum Values of expression is which occurs at

according as or .
[ ) ( ]
ARITHMETICO-GEOMETRIC SERIES :
Sum of First terms of an Arithmetico-Geometric Series :
Let
( )
then
Sum to infinity :
If then
RESULTS
(a) (sum of the first n natural numbers)

(b) (sum of the squares of the first n natural numbers)
(c) (sum of the cubes of the first n natural numbers)
DIVISORS :
Let ....... . are distinct primes , . are natural
numbers then :
(a) The total numbers of divisors of N including is
(b) The sum of these divisors is ( )
(c) Number of ways in which N can be resolved as a product of two factors is
(d) Number of ways in which a composite number N can be resolved into two factors
which are relatively prime (or coprime) to each other, is equal to where n is the
number of different prime factors in N .
Given n different objects , the number of ways of selecting atleast one of them is,
. This can also be stated as the total number of
non-empty combinations of distinct things.
(i) Total number of ways in which it is possible to make a selection by taking some or all
out of . .things, where p are alike of one kind, alike of a second kind,
alike of third kind & so on is given by : -1.
(ii) The total number of ways of selecting one or more things from pidentical things of
one kind, qidentical things of second kind, ridentical things of third kind and n different
things is
DERANGEMENT :
Number of ways in which n letters can be placed in n directed envelopes so that no letter
goes into its own envelope is
[ ]
DE'MOIVER'S THEOREM :
The value of is if ' n ' is integer it is one of the values of
if n is a rational number of the form , where p & q are co-prime.
Note: Continued product of roots of a complex quantity should be determined using
theory of equation.
CUBE ROOT OF UNITY :

√
(a) The cube roots of unity are
(b) , in general
(c)
SINE FORMULAE :
In any triangle ABC
where R is circumradius and is area

of triangle.
COSINE FORMULAE :
(a) or
(b)
(c)
PROJECTION FORMULAE :
(a)
(b)
(c)
LENGTH OF ANGLE BISECTOR, MEDIANS & ALTITUDE :

If & are the lengths of a median, an angle bisector & altitude from the angle A
then,
√ √
and
Note that
The circumcentre lies (1) inside an acute angled triangle (2) outside an obtuse angled
triangle & (3) at mid point of the hypotenuse of right angled triangle.
The orthocentre of right angled triangle is the vertex at the right angle.
The orthocentre, centroid & circumcentre are collinear & centroid divides the line
segment joining orthocentre & circumcentre intermally in the ratio , except in case of
equilateral triangle. In equilateral triangle all these centres coincide.
REGULAR POLYGON :
Consider a ' ' sided regular polygon of side length ' '
(a) Radius of incircle of this polygon
(b) Radius of circumcircle of this polygon
(c) Perimeter & area of regular polygon
Perimeter
Area
CYCLIC QUADRILATERAL :
(a) Quadrilateral ABCD is cyclic if
(opposite angle are supplementary angles)
(b) Area √ , where

(c) similarly other angles
(d) Ptolemy's theorem : If ABCD is cyclic quadrilateral, then
SOLUTION OF TRIANGLE :
Case-I : Three sides are given then to find out three angles use
Case-II : Two sides & included angle are given :

Let sides angle C are given then use and find value of
(ii)
Case-III :
Two sides a, b & angle A opposite to one of them is given
(a) If No triangle exist
(b) If is acute, then one triangle exist which is right angled.

(c) is acute, then two triangles exist
(d) is acute, then one triangle exist
(e) is obtuse, then there is one triangle if no triangle if .
Note: Case-III can be analysed algebraically using Cosine rule as , which

is quadratic in c .
CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY :
If and are any events in then the conditional probability of relative to , i.e.
probability of occurence of when has occured, is given by
BAYE'S THEOREM OR INVERSE PBOBABILITY :

Let be n mutually exclusive and exhaustive events of the sample space
and is event which can occur with any of the events then ( )

AMC Formulae

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IMPORTANT TRIGONOMETRIC FORMULAE :

MAXIMUM & MINIMUM VALUES OF QUADRATICEXPRESSION :

Maximum or Minimum Values of expression is which occurs at

(a) (sum of the first n natural numbers)

(c) Number of ways in which N can be resolved as a product of two factors is

CUBE ROOT OF UNITY :

where R is circumradius and is area

LENGTH OF ANGLE BISECTOR, MEDIANS & ALTITUDE :

(b) Area √ , where

Case-II : Two sides & included angle are given :

(b) If is acute, then one triangle exist which is right angled.

Note: Case-III can be analysed algebraically using Cosine rule as , which

BAYE'S THEOREM OR INVERSE PBOBABILITY :

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