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    Chemistry Lab r Endo and Exo -Wps Office

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    Mequanent Mengistu

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    Chemistry Lab r Endo and Exo -Wps Office

    Uploaded by

    Mequanent Mengistu
    2 views3 pages

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    2 views3 pages

    Chemistry Lab r Endo and Exo -Wps Office

    Uploaded by

    Mequanent Mengistu

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    CHEMISTRY LAB REPORT

    Title: Investigating endothermic and exothermic reaction

    Objective: To investigate the heat of solution of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and


    Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl).

    Theory/Introduction:

     Based on the heat energy transfer that occurs during dissolution process,
    chemical reactions are classified into endothermic and exothermic
    reactions.

     Endothermic Reactions are reactions that absorb energy from their


    surroundings, usually in the form of heat. This absorption of energy causes
    the temperature of the surroundings to decrease.

     In endothermic reaction the energy required to break bonds in the


    reactants is greater than the energy released when new bonds are formed
    in the products.

     Examples of endothermic reaction include: the process of photosynthesis


    by plants, melting of ice, evaporation of water e.t.c

     Exothermic Reactions are is a chemical reaction that releases heat energy


    into its surroundings. This means that the temperature of the surroundings
    increases as the reaction proceeds.

     In such reactions, the energy required to break the bonds in the reactants
    is less than the energy released when new bonds formed in the products.

     Exothermic reactions are characterized by a negative enthalpy change


    (ΔH), meaning the system loses energy to the surroundings. These
    reactions often have a lower activation energy, which makes them easier
    to initiate compared to endothermic reactions.

     Examples of exothermic reactions include: Freezing of water, Respiration,


    combustion e.t.c

    1
    Chemicals and apparatuses used :

    Materials Used Chemicals used

     Conical flask  Sodium Hydroxide

     Mercury Thermometer  Ammonium Chloride

     Graduated cylinder  Water

     Beam balance

     Spatula

    Procedure:

     First, 4g of sodium hydroxide was measured by using beam balance.

     Then, 40ml of water was measured by using graduated cylinder and was
    added to a conical flask.

     After that, the temperature of the 40ml water in the conical flask was
    measured by using mercury thermometer and was recorded as 18°C.

     Then after, the 4g of sodium hydroxide was added in the 40ml of water.

     After giving it time to react thoroughly, the temperature of the solution of


    sodium hydroxide and water was measured by mercury thermometer and
    was recorded as 13°C.

     Another 4g of Ammonium chloride was measured by a beam balance.

     Again, another 40ml of water was measured by using graduated cylinder


    and was added to another conical flask.

     Then, the temperature of the 40ml water in the conical flask was
    measured by mercury thermometer and was recorded as 18°C.

     Next, the 4g of Ammonium chloride was added to the 40ml of water.

    2
     Later on, after giving it a time to react thoroughly, the temperature of the
    solution of the water and ammonium chloride was measured by a mercury
    thermometer and was recorded as 34°C.

     Results were observed and recorded carefully.

    Analysis:

     In order to classify the above solutions as endothermic and exothermic,


    we must calculate the change in temperature for both solutions

     ΔT for the solution of sodium hydroxide and water = Ti - Tf

    = 18°C - 34°C

    = - 16°C

     ΔT for the solution of Ammonium chloride and water = Ti - Tf

    = 18°C - 13°C

    = 5°C

    Conclusion:

     From the above experiment we concluded that

    1. The solution of the sodium hydroxide and the water is exothermic because
    it had experienced increase in temperature and it's ΔT is negative. Which
    means that it has released energy.

    2. The solution of Ammonium chloride and water is endothermic because it


    had experienced decrease in temperature and its ΔT is positive. Which
    means that it has absorbed energy.

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