Tunisia-22

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At the beginning of the 20th century, musical activity was

dominated by the liturgical repertoire associated with different


religious brotherhoods and secular repertoire which consisted of
instrumental pieces and songs in different Andalusian forms and
styles of origins, essentially borrowing characteristics of musical
language. In 1930 The Rachidia was founded, well known thanks
to artists from the Jewish community. The founding in 1934 of a
musical school helped revive Arab Andalusian music largely to a
social and cultural revival led by the elite of the time who became Rachidia orchestra playing
aware of the risks of loss of the musical heritage and which they traditional music in Tunis Theater
believed threatened the foundations of Tunisian national identity.
The institution did not take long to assemble a group of musicians,
poets, scholars. The creation of Radio Tunis in 1938 allowed musicians a greater opportunity to
disseminate their works, with the station employing a policy of promoting Tunisian musicians
exclusively.[249]

Notable Tunisian musicians include Saber Rebaï, Dhafer Youssef, Belgacem Bouguenna, Sonia M'barek,
Latifa, Salah El Mahdi, Anouar Brahem, Emel Mathlouthi and Lotfi Bouchnak.

Festivals
Hundreds of international festivals, national, regional or local punctuate the calendar year. Music and
theatrical festivals dominate the national cultural scene.

Several festivals take place annually in summer: the International Festival of Carthage in July, the
International Festival of Arts of Mahr from late July to early August, and the International Festival of
Hammamet in July and August.

The Carthage Film Festival is held in October and November of every other year, alternating with the
Carthage Theatre Festival. It was created in 1966[250] by the Tunisian Minister of Culture to showcase
films from the Maghreb, Africa and the Middle East. In order to be eligible for the competition, a film
must have a director of African or Middle Eastern nationality, and have been produced at least two years
before entry. The grand prize is the Tanit d'or, or "Golden Tanit", named for the lunar goddess of ancient
Carthage; the award is in the shape of her symbol, a trapezium surmounted by a horizontal line and a
circle.

The International Festival of the Sahara, celebrated annually at the end of December, honors the cultural
traditions associated with the Tunisian desert. This attracts many tourists and musicians from all around
the world, as well as horsemen who flaunt their saddles and local fabrics and skills.

There are also a number of musical festivals; some honor traditional Tunisian music, while others,
including the Tabarka Jazz Festival, focus on other genres.

In the city of Sousse, the Carnival of Awussu is an annual festive and cultural event that unfolds each 24
July. It is a parade of symbolic chariots, fanfares and folk groups from Tunisia and elsewhere which takes
place near the beach of Boujaafar, at the eve of the beginning of 'Awussu (The word designating the heat

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