Reviewer in EAPP

Reviewer in EAPP
❖ Foundations of Reading
Academic Language – Is the language needed by students to do the work.
Academic Writing – Refers to the forms of expository and argumentative prose used by
university students, faculty, and researchers to convey a body of information about a particular
subject.
Aspects of Professional and Academic Language
4 important Features of Language Use
1. Formality – It reflects your dignified stance in writing as a member of the academic community.
The language you use requires precision to make it “legitimate” piece of academic writing.
2. Objectivity – The writing must be impersonal and maintain a certain level of social distance.
3. Explicitness – Very clear and complete; leaving no doubt about the meaning. Openly shown.
4. Caution – Academic writing requires care since knowledge is built from proven theories and
concepts.
Hedging – Also known as “cautious language/vague language.”

Structure – Sentences need to be constructed in such a way that they show a level of complexity
that reflects the sophistication of an academic writer.
Fundamentals of Reading Academic Texts

Structure of Academic Texts – Academic texts are typically formal. They have a clearly
structures introduction, body, and conclusion.
Content and Style of Academic Writing – Include concepts and theories that are related to the
specific discipline they explore.
In general, authors observe;

• State critical questions and issues
• Take an objective point of view
• Use precise and accurate words while avoiding jargon and colloquial expressions
• Provide facts and evidences from credible sources
• List references
• Use hedging or cautious language to tone down their claims
General Purpose of Reading Academic Texts

• Better understand and existing idea
• Identify gaps in existing studies
• Connect new ideas to existing ones
• Gain more information
• Gather ideas to support a particular writing assignment
Reading Goals
• Why am I reading this?
• What information or pieces of information do I need?
• What do I want to learn?
Accuracy – If your page lists the author and institution that published the page and provides a
way of contacting him/her.
Authority – If your page lists the author’s credentials and its domain is preferred.
Objectivity – If your page provides accurate information with limited advertising and its
objective in presenting the information.
Currency – If your page is current and updated regularly.
Coverage – If you can view the information properly – not limited to fees, browser technology, or
software requirement.
❖ Locating Main Ideas

Thesis Statement – Presents or describes the point of a text.
• It is written in a declarative sentence.
• It lets you reader know what topic you will be talking about as well as what claim you are making
about that topic.
• Is an academic text, and usually presented in the abstract or executive summary or found at the
last part of the introduction.
Elements of a Thesis Statement;
1. Topic – The topic of your paper
2. Argument/Claim – Express your opinion (Argumentative). Explain the purpose of your paper
(research or explanatory paper). “What is the main idea that you are going to prove?”
3. Evidence – The support for your argument/claim. “What evidence will you use to prove your
argument?”
Characteristics of a Strong Thesis Statement

1. Clear – A thesis statement must be concentrate on a specific area on a topic.
2. Precise – A thesis statement must be precise enough to allow for a coherent argument and to
remain focused on the topic.
3. Arguable – A thesis statement should contain an opinion or point of view that can be supported
with evidence. Must take a stand on a given prompt.
Key Elements of a Thesis Statement;
• It is not a fact
• It is not a question
• It is not too broad
• It is a complete sentence
• It requires support
• It takes a stand
Purpose Statement – A concise declaration that outlines the primary goal of the research paper,
study, or project.
• It explains the intention behind the study
• Is introduced by signal phrases that present the purpose, scope, or direction of the text as well
as its focus.
Topic Sentence – Presents or describes the point of a paragraph.

• It is the main idea of the paragraph.
• It can be located at the beginning, in the middle, or at the last part of a paragraph.
❖ Essential Writing Skills

Techniques in Gleaning Information
1. Summarizing – Is an important skill in critical reading that is often used to share the essential
ideas in a book, a book chapter, and article, and/or parts of it. These essential ideas include the
gist or main idea, useful information, or key words or phrases that help you meet your reading
purpose. Summarizing is generally done after reading.
*Summary Formats
➢ Idea Heading Format – The summarized idea comes before the citation.
➢ Author Heading Format – The summarized idea comes after the citation.
➢ Date Heading Format – The summarized idea comes after the date when the material
was published.
2. Paraphrasing – Is a way of using text in your own writing without directly quoting the source
material. If you obtain information from a source other than your own, you must indicate where
you obtained that information from.
3. Direct Quotation – Taking someone else’s words verbatim and putting them in your proper.
❖ Preliminary Literature Review

Literature Review - is the part of the thesis where there is extensive reference to related
research and theory in your field; it is where connections are made between the source texts
that you draw on and where you position yourself and your research among these sources.
Themes - Concepts that repeat across literature.
Structure of a Literature Review;
1. Introduction
2. Body
3. Conclusion
Moves in writing the Introduction

• Set the context of the research by providing necessary background on the topic.
• Show that the previous researches are NOT complete, or there are areas needing further
investigation.
• Identify and describe the problem upon which the review focuses.
• Preview the organization of the review
Move 1: Ground the study in the works of others.

• Numerous studies have been conducted on…
• A considerable amount of literature has been published on…
• Numerous studies have argued that..
• Several studies have revealed…
Move 2: Create a research space: argue that there is an open niche in the existing research, a
space that needs to be filled through additional researchers.
• Counter Claim
• Indicating a gap
• Raising a question
• Continuing Tradition
Move 3: Occupy the niche

• Reveal the solution or proposal to fill in the gap, to answer the specific question, or continue a
tradition.
• Outlining Purposes
• Announcing present research
Move 4: Preview the organization of the review.
Ways to Organize the body;

• Chronological: Early to later studies
• Reverse Chronological: Recent to early studies
• Method: How the study has been done
• Thematic: Presented through several strands or topics
• Sector: Practice, political, geographical background, etc
Verb Tenses
1. Past – If the focus is on the study itself or the person who studied it.
✓ Jones (2022) reported that…
2. Present-Perfect – It is used if the literature referred to is fairly recent.
✓ Recent studies have demonstrated that…. (Jones, 2022; Pinto, 2019)
Key Elements
1. Descriptive/Reporting the catalogue
• What happened – describe
• What the author has discussed, found, did
• An account of the topic
2. Interpretive/Critical the dialogue
• Asks and answers questions
• Analyses, explains, and interprets the information
• Synthesizes information to develop a point of view
Ways to Critique
1. Highlight Importance
2. Show deficit and solution
3. Emphasize Strength
Conclusion
1. Move 1: Summarize the significant points clarified by the review
2. Move 2: Indicate the implications for the problem at hand

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Reviewer in EAPP

Hedging – Also known as “cautious language/vague language.”

Fundamentals of Reading Academic Texts

In general, authors observe;

General Purpose of Reading Academic Texts

❖ Locating Main Ideas

Characteristics of a Strong Thesis Statement

Topic Sentence – Presents or describes the point of a paragraph.

❖ Essential Writing Skills

❖ Preliminary Literature Review

Moves in writing the Introduction

Move 1: Ground the study in the works of others.

Move 3: Occupy the niche

Move 4: Preview the organization of the review.

Ways to Organize the body;

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