AXIS EDUCATION LOGARITHM LG

Institute for O/A levels Teacher: Shakib Ahmed Further Pure Maths

a b
1. log10 = 1 2. log a a = 1 3. log a 1 = 0 4. log10 a = lg a 5. lg = − lg
b a
log k a 1 log k c
6. loga bc = c loga b 7. log b a = 8. log b a = 9. log a b = c  b = ac 10. ab = c  b =
log k b loga b log k a
m
11. loga m + loga n = loga mn 12. loga m − loga n = loga 13. log e x = ln x 14. eln x = x
n
m n
15. ln e x = x 16. aloga x = x 17. a n = b  a = b m  a = m bn

Solve the following equations: Set A

1
1. log3 1 = x 2. log2 25 = x 3. log2 =x 4. log 4 0.25 = x 5. log2 128 = x
2
1
6. log7 7 = x 7. log 5
5= x 8. log4 x = − 9. log 5 x = 3 10. log 5 (2x − 3) = 3
2
11. log2 (2 x + 3) − log2 x = 3 12. log4 ( 3q + 4 ) = 3 13. log 5 (3x + 19) = 4 14. log x 125 = 3

15. log 4 (9y + 4) = 4 16. log 5 625 = x 17. log3 (5y + 3) = 5 18. log m 16807 = 5 19. log6 (7n − 1) = 3

1
20. log 5 x = −2 21. log3 (x + 1) = 2 22. 3 + log2 x = log2 (2 x + 1) 23. log9 x = −
2
24. log3 (1 + y ) = 2 25. log4 (20 x − x2 ) = 3 26. log2 (2 x − 1) = 3 27. log x 81 = 4 28. log 5 (2y − 1) = 3
29. 2log 4 (3z) = log2 (z + 3) 30. log4 (x + 2) + log2 4 = 0 31. lg(3 + x) + lg(x + 2) − lg6 = lg(2x − 1)
32. log x 125 = 3 33. log6 (5y + 6) = 2 34. log 3 (5x + 12) + log 3 x = 2 35. log 3 x = 2
36. 2log3 y − log3 (y + 4) = 2 37. log x 81 = 4 38. log 4 (3y − 5) = 0 39. log x 128 = 7 40. log3 (5y + 1) = 4

41. log x 216 = 3 42. log 7 (5y + 4) = 2 43. log p 81 + 2log p 729 = 16 44. log x 243 = 5 45. log6 (7y − 1) = 3

46. log5 (3x2 − 20 x + 50) = 2 47. log6 (11q − 4) = 3 48. log 5 (3y − 1) = 3 49. log x 343 = 3 50. log9 (4 y − 3) = 2

51. log 4 2 = p 52. log3 (x2 − 5x + 9) = 1 53. log 4 (5n + 9) = 3 54. log 5 p = 4 55. 2log2 x = 3 + log2 (x + 6)

3x + 1
56. log3 (2 x + 1) − log3 (x − 7) = 2 57. log2 =3 58. log x 27 − log x 8 = 3
2x − 7
Answers
1. 0 2. 5 3. -1 4. -1 5. 7 6. 1 7. 2 8. 1/2
2

1
9. 125 10. 64 11. 12. 20 13. 202 14. 5 15. 28 16. 4
2

17. 48 18. 7 19. 31 20. 1/25 21. 8 22. 1/6 23. 1/3 24. 64
25. 4, 16 26. 4.5 27. 3 28. 63 29. 1.5 30. -31/16 31. 3,4
3
32. 5 33. 6 34. 35. 9 36. 12 37. 3 38. 2 39. 2
5

40. 16 41. 6 42. 9 43. 3 44. 3 45. 31 46. 12/3 or 5 47. 20

1
48. 42 49. 7 50. 21 51. 52. 2 or 3 53. 11 54. 625
2

55. 12, 56. 9 1/7 57. 4 5/13 58. 1.5

Solve the following equations: Set B

1. (log10 x)2 = 3log10 x 2. (log5 x)2 = 2log 5 x 3. (log4 x)2 = 5log4 x − 4 4. 2(log2 x)2 = 7log2 x − 3
5. log4 p + 6log p 4 = 5 6. 3 − log3 p = log p 9 7.log 3 z = 4log z 3 8. 12log p 5 = 3log5 p
9. 3log 3 x − 8log x 3 = 10 10. log 3 x + 2log x 9 = 5 11. 4log 4 x = log x 4 12 log 3 z = 4log z 3
13. log z 16 + 3log z 4 = 10 14. log3 p + log p 9 = 3 15. logq 8 − 3log8 q = 2 16. 1 + log 4 t = 6logt 16
17. 9log r 3 = log3 r 18. logq 5 + 6log5 q = 5 19. log m 4 + 8log 4 m = 6 20. 2log m 8 + 3log 8 m = 7
21. log2 x = 8 + 9log x 2 22. log 4 x + 2log x 4 + 3 = 0 23. 2log p 9 + 3log3 p = 8
Answers

1. 1 or 1000 2. 1 or 25 3. 4 or 256 4. √ or 8 5. 16, 64 6. 3, 9 7. 9, 1/9

2
2
−
9. x = 3
1 3
8. 25, /25 10. 3, 81 11. 2, ½ 12. 9, 1/9 13. 2 14. 3, 9 15.2,1/8
1
3
1
16. 64, / 256 1
17. 27, /27 18. 1.71, 2.24 19. 2, √ 20. 2, 64 21. 512,
1
22. 1 1
, 23. 9,9
2 2 16 4

SET: C

1. Given that log 2 x = p,

(a) Find log 2 (8 x 2 ) in terms of p. (b) Given also that p = 5, find the value of x.
2. Find, giving your answer to 3 significant figures where appropriate, the value of x for which
(a) 3 x = 5 , (b) log 2 (2 x + 1) − log 2 x = 2 .
3. Solve (a) 5 x = 8 . Giving your answer to 3 significant figures.
(b) log 2 ( x + 1) − log 2 x = log 2 7
4. (i) Write down the value of log 6 36. (ii) Express 2log a 3 + log a 11 a single logarithm to base a.
5. Given that a and b are positive constants, solve the simultaneous equations a = 3b,log3 a + log3 b = 2.
6. Given that 0  x  4 and log5 (4 − x) − 2log5 x = 1, find the value of x.
7. (a) Find the value of y such that log 2 y = −3 .
log 2 32 + log 2 16
(b) Find the values of x such that = log 2 x .
log 2 x
8. (a) Find the positive value of x such that log x 64 = 2 .
(b) Solve for x, log 2 (11 − 6 x) = 2log 2 ( x − 1) + 3.
9. (a) Given that 2log3 ( x − 5) − log3 (2 x − 13) = 1 , Show that x − 16 x + 64 = 0.
2

(b) Hence, or otherwise, solve 2log3 ( x − 5) − log3 (2 x − 13) = 1.

10. Find, giving your answer to 3 significant figures where appropriate, the value of x for which
(a) 5 = 10, (b) log3 ( x − 2) = −1
x

11. Given that y = 3x , (a) Show that log3 y = 1 + 2log3 x

2

(b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation 1 + 2log3 x = log3 (28 x − 9) .

12. Find the values of x such that 2log3 x − log3 ( x − 2) = 2 .
13. Given that 2log 2 ( x + 15) − log 2 x = 6 (a) Show that x 2 − 34 x + 225 = 0
(b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation 2log 2 ( x + 15) − log 2 x = 6 .
 14. (i) Find the exact value of x for which log 2 (2 x) = log 2 (5 x + 4) − 3
(ii) Given that log a y + 3log a 2 = 5 , express y in terms of a. Give your answer in its simplest form.
15. Given that log x (7 y + 1) − log x (2 y) = 1, x  4, 0  y  1 Express y in terms of x.
16. Find, giving your answer to 3 significant figures where appropriate the value of x for which
a) 7 2 x = 14 b) log5 (3x + 1) = −2
17. a) Find the value of x for which 43 x+ 2 = 3600 giving your answer to 4 significant figures.
2
b) Given that log a (3b − 2) − 2 log a 5 = 4, a  0, a  1, b  find an expression for b in terms of a.
3
Answer
1 1
1. (a) 3+2p (b) 32 2. (a) 1.46 (b) 3. (a) 1.29 (b) 4. (i) 2 (ii) log a 99
2 6
4 1 1 1 3
5. a = 3 3, b = 3 6. 7. (a) (b) 8, 8. (a) 8 (b) − , 9. (b) 8
5 8 8 4 2
1 1 4 1
10. (a) 1.43 (b) 2 11. (b) or 9 12. 3, 6 13. (b) 9,25 14. (a) , (ii) y = a 5
3 3 11 8
1 25a 4 + 2
15. y = 16. a) 0.678 b) -0.32 17. a) x = 157.8 b) b =
2x − 7 3

Set D
1. (a) Given that log8 10 = k log2 10 , find the value of k
(b) Factorize completely 5x log2 x − 2log2 x − 15x log8 10 + 6log8 10
(c) Hence solve the equation 5x log2 x − 2log2 x − 15x log8 10 + 6log 8 10 = 0

2. (a) Given that log8 6 = k log2 6 . Find the value of k.

(b) Show that 7x log2 x − 3log2 x − 42x log8 6 + 18log8 6 = (7x − 3)log2  x 
 36 
(c) Hence solve the equation 7 x log2 x − 3log2 x − 42 x log 8 6 + 18log 8 6 = 14 x − 6

3. (a) Given that log2 3 = k log 4 3 . Find the value of k

 x 5 x −2 
(b) Show that 5x log4 x − 2log 4 x − 10 x log2 3 + 4log2 3 = log 4 
20 x −8 
3 
(c) Hence solve the equation 5x log 4 x − 2log 4 x − 10 x log2 3 + 4log2 3 = 0

4. Given that log 2 3 = log 4 3k a) Find the value of k

 x 6 x −5 
b) Show that 6 x log 4 x − 3x log 2 3 − 5log 4 x + 10log 2 3 = log 4  6 x − 20 
[May19/P1/Q9]
3 
5. (a) Given that log 4 3y − 2log 4 x = 1 , express y in terms of x.
(b) If 2 log3 y − 3log3 x − log3 b + log3 a = 3 , express 𝑦 in terms of a, b and x .
(c) If log 5 y = a log 5 x + 2log 5 b , express y in terms of a, b and x .
6. Solve the following equations for x giving your answers correct to 3significant figures where necessary:
1
(i) 22𝑥 +2𝑥+2 = 12 (ii) 32𝑡+1 + 3𝑡+2 = 3 3 (iii) 22𝑥−1 − 9 X 2𝑥−2 + 1= 0 (iv) 5x = 16 − 63x 5− x

7.a) Solve 5 p 2 − 9 p + 4 = 0
b) Hence solve 52 x +1 − 9(5x ) + 4 = 0 . Give your answers to 3 significant figures where appropriate.
The curve with equation y = 52 x +1 + 5x intersects the curve with equation y = 2(5x +1 ) − 4 at two points.
c) Find the coordinates of each of these two points. Give your answers to 3 significant figures where appropriate.
[May19/P1/Q8]
8.a) Write down the value of log3 9
2
 12 
b) Solve the equation log 3 9t = log 9   + 2 where t  0 .
 t 
Give your answer in the form a b where a and b are prime numbers. [May19/P1R/Q3]

9. Solve the equation simultaneously: log p q + 4logq p = 5, pq = 32

93 y
10. a) Show that = 3(6 y−5)
243
93 y
b) Solve the simultaneous equation = 27( x −2) log10 6 xy = log 4 2
243

ANSWER

1
1.(a) k= (b) (5x-2) (log2 x – log2 10) (c) 2/5, 10 2. (a) 1/3 (c) 3/7, 144
3

4 x2 27bx3
(c) y = x b
a 2
3. (a) 𝑘 = 2 (c) 2/5, 81 4. a) k = 2 5. (a) y= (b) y=
3 a

4
6. (i) 1 (ii) -1 (iii) – 1 or 2 (iv) 1.365, 1.209 7. a) p = , p =1 b) 0, -0.139 c) (0,6), (-0.139,4)
5

 5  5 
8. a) 2 b) t = 2 3 9. 𝑝 = 2,4√2, 𝑞 = 16, 4√2 10. (b)  2,  ,  − , −1
 6  3 

Set E
1. Solve the following equations giving exact solutions
𝑥
(a) 𝑒 𝑥 = 5 (b) ln 𝑥 = 4 (c) 𝑒 2𝑥 = 7 (d) ln 2 = 4 (e) 𝑒 𝑥−1 = 8 (f) ln(2𝑥 + 1) = 5
−𝑥 4𝑥
(g) 𝑒 = 10 (h) ln(2 − 𝑥) = 4 (i) 2𝑒 − 3 = 8 (j) ln(2𝑥 − 5) = 8 (k) 𝑒 4𝑥 = 5
−2𝑥
(l) 24 − 𝑒 = 10 (m) ln 𝑥 + ln(𝑥 − 3) = 0 (n) 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 = 2 (o) ln 2 + ln 𝑥 = 4
2. Solve the following giving your answer in terms of ln 2
(a) 𝑒 3𝑥 = 8 (b) 𝑒 −2𝑥 = 4 (c) 𝑒 2𝑥+1 = 0.5
3. Giving each value in your solution to 2 decimal places,
solve the simultaneous equation e2 y − x + 2 = 0 and ln( x + 3) − 2 y − 1 = 0
ANSWER

1 𝑒 5 −1
1. (a) ln 5 (b) 𝑒 4 (c) 2 ln 7 (d) 2𝑒 4 (e) ln 8 + 1 (f) 2
(g) ln(0.1)
1 11 𝑒 8 +5 ln 5 1 3+√13
(h) 2 − 𝑒 4 (i) 4 ln( 2 ) (j) 2
(k) 4
(l) − 2 ln(14) (m) 2 (n) 0
𝑒4 –ln 2−1
(o) 2
2. (a) ln 2 (b) – ln 2 (c) 2
3. (4.91,0.53)