Shankracharya

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vk| 'kadjkpk;Z dh f'koksikluk

osn] mifu"kn~] jkek;.k] egkHkkjr] iqjk.k vkfn esa f'ko&rÙo dh fofo/ çdkj ls
O;k[;k feyrh gSA lar&egkRekvksa] vkpk;ks±] fo}kuksa rFkk ½f"k;ksa&eqfu;ksa us fofHkUu ;qxksa esa
f'ko&HkfDr dk çpkj&çlkj djds tks eguh; dk;Z fd;k gS] mlh ds }kjk f'koHkfDr
tu&tu esa bruh yksdfç; gqbZ QyLo:i vkt Hkh xzke&xkze esa loZ=k f'ko&efUnjksa ds n'kZu
gksrs gaSA f'koHkfDr ds bu çpkjdksa esa Hkxoku~ vk| txn~xq# 'kadjkpk;Z dk ifrr&ikou uke
fo'ks"k mYys[kuh; gSA mUgksua s ns'k ds ,d Nksj ls nwljs Nksjrd Hkze.k djds osn& 'kkL=k&çfrikfnr
lukru/eZ dh iqu% LFkkiuk dhA os lk{kkr~ f'ko ds vorkj gSa&
'kadj% 'kadjkpk;Z ln~xq#% 'koZlafuHk%A
'kadjkpk;Z ds vuqlkj vkfnnso Hkxoku~ f'ko iw.kZ ijczã ijekRek lfPpnkuUn Lo:i gSaA os
gh leLr czãk.M esa O;kIr gksdj bl txr~ dh mRifÙk] ikyu vkSj lagkj vkfn djrs gSaA os
lR;Lo:i] KkuLo:i] vuUr] fuxqZ.k] fujkdkj] lxq.k] lkdkj rFkk vfouk'kh gaSA
Jhek/okpk;Z&fojfpr ^Jh'kadjfnfXot;* esa buds }kjk ckS¼ksa dks ijkLr djus dk cM+k
euksgkjh o.kZu gqvk gSA
rnuqlkj nsox.kksa us dSyklioZr ij fLFkr Hkxoku~ nsokf/nso egknso ds ikl tkdj mUgsa
ç.kke dj ckS¼ksa ds }kjk oSfnd /eZ dks yqIr djus dk o`ÙkkUr lquk;k vkSj dgk fd 'kSo rFkk oS".ko
vkxe dk vuqlj.k djusokys yksxksa us dsoy 'kjhj ij fyÄ~x(f'kofyÄ~x) vkSj pØ(lqn'kZupØ)
vkfn fpUgksa dks gh /kj.k djuk Js;Ldj ekudj 'kkL=kksDr deZ dks NksM+ fn;k gSA loZ=k ik[k.M
ek=k O;kIr gks x;k gS] osn&/eZ foUk"V gks jgk gS] laè;k&oUnu vkfn fuR;deks± dk yksi gksrk tk
jgk gSA blfy;s çHkks! vki yksdj{kkFkZ leLr nq"Vksa dk uk'k djds oSfnd ekxZ dh LFkkiuk djsa
ftlls lalkj lq[kh gksA
nsorkvksa dh çkFkZuk lqudj Hkxoku~ 'kadj us dgk fd eaS nq"V vkpkj ds uk'k ds fy;s]
/eZ dh LFkkiuk ds fy;s] czãlw=k ds rkRi;Z&fu.kkZ;d Hkk"; dh jpukdj] vKkuewyd }Sr:ih
vU/dkj dks nwj djus ds fy;s pkj f'k";ksa ds lkFk bl i`fFkoh ij ;fr;ksa esa Js"B 'kadj ds uke
ls mRiUu gksšxkA esjs leku vki yksx Hkh euq";&'kjhj dks /kj.k djsaA
rnuUrj Hkxoku~ 'kadj dsjy çns'k esa iw.kkZ unh ds ifo=k rV ij T;ksfrfyZÄ~x ds :i esa
Lo;a çdV gq,A ;gha jkt'ks[kj uked jktk us ,d lqUnj efUnj dk fuekZ.k djkdj mudh
iwtk&vpZuk vkjEHk dhA mlh efUnj ds ikl fLFkr dkyVh uked xzke esa ije oSfnd fo}ku~
f'koxq# rFkk mudh iRuh lrh jgrh FkhA blh czkã.k&nEifr ds ;gk¡ Hkxoku~ 'kadj us vorkj
bZ'kku% loZnsokuke~
fy;kA cgqr fnuksard iq=k&çkfIr u gksus ij f'koxq# vkSj lrh us o`"k{ks=k ds vf/"Bkrk Lo;EHkw
'kadj dh riL;k vkjEHk dh] ftlls çlUu gksdj Hkxoku~ f'ko us muds iq=k&:i esa vorkj fy;kA
mUgksasus xksfoUn HkxoRikn ls lHkh 'kkL=kksa dk Kku çkIr fd;kA rRi'pkr~ mudh vkKk ls dk'kh
tkdj v}Sr osnkUr ,oa f'koHkfDr dk çpkj&çlkj djuk vkjEHk fd;kA
vkpk;Z dks dk'kh&çokl esa ,d ckj Hkxoku~ fo'oukFk dk lk{kkr~ n'kZu gqvkA Hkxoku~
fo'oukFk us çlUu gksdj mUgsa vk'khokZn fn;k vkSj vkKk nh fd osnkUr&'kkL=kksa ij Hkk"; dh jpuk
dj lukru/eZ dh j{kk djksA vkpk;Z 'kadj us Hkxoku~ fo'oukFk dh bl vkKk dks f'kjks/k;Z dj
çLFkku=k;h1 Hkk";ksa dh jpuk dh vkSj lukru /eZ ds çpkj&çlkjkFkZ mÙkj esa T;ksfreZB] nf{k.k esa
Ük`axjs heB] iwoZ esa xkso/ZueB vkSj if'pe esa 'kkjnkeB dh LFkkiuk dhA lEiw.kZ ns'k dk Hkze.k dj
mUgksua s LFkku&LFkku ij nsoeafUnjksa dh LFkkiuk dh vkSj lukru/eZ dh leLr yqIr ijEijkvksa dk
iqu#¼kj fd;kA
Hkkjrh; 'kkL=kksa esa f'ko] lw;Z] fo".kq] x.ks'k rFkk nqxkZ& bu ik¡p nsorkvksa dh mikluk dk
fo/ku gSA vkpk;Z 'kadj us LdUnlfgr bu ik¡pksa dh mikluk dk çpkj&çlkj fd;k] ftlls os
"k.er&laLFkkiukpk;Z ds uke ls çfl¼ gq,A mUgksaus vusd Lrks=kkas dh jpuk dh] muesa ls dqN rks
HkDrksa ds d.Bgkj cus gq, gSa] ftuesa f'koHkqtax] f'kokuUnygjh] f'koiknkfnds'kkUrLrks=k]
osnlkj&f'koLrks=k] f'kokijk/{kekiuLrks=k] nf{k.kkewfrZ v"Vd] e`R;q×t;ekufld iwtk]
f'koukekoY;"Vd] f'koiÛÓk{kjLrks=k] nf{k.kkewfrZLrks=k] dkyHkSjok"Vd] f'koiÛÓk{kj &u{k=kekyk]
}kn'kfyÄ~xLrks=k] n'k'yksdh Lrqfr] f'koekuliwtk rFkk f'kok"Vd vkfn fo'ks"k mYys[; gSaA2 bu
Lrks=kksa dk fujUrj rFkk fu;fer :i ls HkfDriwoZd ikB djus ls euq"; dk loZfo/ dY;k.k gksrk
gSA Hkxoku~ 'kadjkpk;Z us bu Lrks=kksa dh jpuk dj ftl f'koHkfDr dh /kjk dks çokfgr fd;k Fkk]
og vtÏ :i ls çokfgr gksrh gqbZ yksxksa dks f'ko&HkfDr dh çjs.kk ns jgh gSA orZeku ;qx esa
f'ko&HkfDr dk tks çpkj&çlkj n`f"Vxkspj gks jgk gS] oLrqr% mldk Js; vkpk;Z 'kadj dks gh gSA
f'kokorkj 'kadjkpk;Z us lukru/eZ dk m¼kj djus ds fy;s vorkj ysdj cnfjdkJe esa
Hkxoku~ fo".kq ds Jhfoxzg dh LFkkiuk dh FkhA rHkh ls ogk¡ iqu% fof/iwoZd iwtk&vpZuk dk
'kqHkkjEHk gqvkA iqjk.kksa esa muds f'kokorkj gksus rFkk lukru /eksZ¼kjd ds :i esa fd;s gq, dk;ks±
1- mifu"kn~] czãlw=k ,oa Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk dks çLFkku=k;h dgk tkrk gSA vkpk;Z 'kadj us çeq[k mifu"knksalfgr
czãlw=k ,oa xhrk ij viuk Hkk"; fy[kk gSA
2- bu Lrks=kksa ds vFkZ ij fopkj djus ls Hkxoku~ f'ko ds fuxqZ.k ,oa lxq.k nksuksa Lo:iksa dk Li"V irk py
tk;xkA bu Lrks=kksa esa ls dqN dk mYys[k bl iqLrd esa fd;k x;k gSA
724
vk| 'kadjkpk;Z dh f'koksikluk
dk mYys[k ckj&ckj gqvk gSA
Hkxoku~ Jhjke] JhÑ".k rFkk Jhokeu vkfn ftl çdkj Hkxoku~ fo".kq ds vorkj gksus ds
dkj.k lk{kkr~ ukjk;.k gSa] muesa vkSj ukjk;.k esa dksbZ Hksn ugha gS] mlh çdkj Hkxoku~ vk|
Jh'kadjkpk;Z Hkxoku~ f'ko ds vorkj gksus ds dkj.k lk{kkr~ f'ko gSaA muesa vkSj f'ko esa Hksn ugha
gSA Hkxoku~ vkfnnso Jhf'ko us bl /jk/ke ij muds :i esa vorkj ysdj osn&'kkL=kçfrikfnr
lukru/eZ dk m¼kj fd;k vkSj yksddY;k.k ds fy;s f'koHkfDr dk çpkj&çlkj fd;kA blfy;s
^egkuq'kklu* esa vkpk;Z 'kadj dk dFku gS& ^lR;;qx esa lalkj ds /eZxq# Jhczãkth] =ksrk esa ½f"k
lÙke] }kij esa JhO;klth vkSj dfy;qx esa eS(a 'akdjkpk;Z) Lo;a gwA¡ * vr% muds /eksiZ ns'k dk ikyu
djrs gq, f'kokjk/uk esa yxuk pkfg;sA
vc ge 'kadjkpk;Z ds Hkxoku~ f'kolaca/h fopkjksa dh FkksM+h ppkZ djsaxsA buds Lrks=kksa esa f'ko
ds lxq.k ,oa fuxZq.k nksuksa :iksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA mnkgj.k ds fy;s ^osnlkjf'koLro%* dks
ns[ksa&
i'kwuka i¯r ikiuk'ka ijs'ka xtsUæL; ѯÙk olkua ojs.;e~A
tVktwVeè;s LQqjn~xÄ~xokfja egknsoesda Lejkfe Lejkfje~AA
egs'ka lqjs'ka lqjkjk£ruk'ka foHkqa fo'oukFka foHkwR;Ä~xHkw"ke~A
fo:ik{kfeU}dZofg~uf=kus=ka lnkuUnehMs çHkqa iÛÓoD=ke~AA
ijkRekuesda txn~chtek|a fujhga fujkdkjeksÄ~dkjos|e~A
;rks tk;rs ikY;rs ;su fo'oa reh'ka Hkts yh;rs ;=k fo'oe~AA
vta 'kk'ora dkj.ka dkj.kkuka f'koa dsoya Hkklda Hkkldkuke~A
rqjh;a re%ikjek|Urghua çi|s ija ikoua }Srghue~AA
RoÙkks txn~Hkofr nso Hko Lejkjs RoÕ;so fr"Bfr txUe`M fo'oukFkA
RoÕ;so xPNfr y;a txnsrnh'k fyÄ~xkReda gj pjkpjfo'o:fiu~AA
(osnlkjf'koLro% 1] 2] 5] 7] 11)
HkkokFkZ gS&tks lEiw.kZ çkf.k;ksa ds j{kd gSa] iki dk èoal djusokys gSa] ijes'oj gSa] xtjkt
dk peZ igus gq, gSa rFkk Js"B gSa vkSj ftuds tVktwV esa xaxkth [ksy jgh gSa] mu ,dek=k dkekfj
Jhegknsoth dk eSa Lej.k djrk gw¡A pUæ] lw;Z vkSj vfXu&rhuksa ftuds us=k gSa] mu fo:iu;u
egs'oj] nsos'oj] nsonq%[knyu] foHkq] fo'oukFk] foHkwfrHkw"k.k] fuR;kuUnLo:i] iapeq[k Hkxoku~
egknso dh eSa Lrqfr djrk gw¡A tks ijekRek gSa] ,d gSa] txr~ ds vkfn dkj.k gSa] bPNkjfgr gSa]
fujkdkj gSa vkSj ç.ko }kjk tkuus ;ksX; gSa rFkk ftuls lEiw.kZ fo'o dh mRifÙk vkSj ikyu gksrk
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bZ'kku% loZnsokuke~
gS vkSj fQj ftuesa mldk y; gks tkrk gS mu çHkq dks eSa Hktrk gw¡A tks vtUek gSa] fuR; gSa] dkj.k
ds Hkh dkj.k gSa] dY;k.kLo:i gSa] ,d gSa] çdk'kdksa ds Hkh çdk'kd gSa] voLFkk =k; ls foy{k.k gSa]
vKku ls ijs gSa] vukfn vkSj vuUr gSa] mu ije ikou v}SrLo:i dks eSa ç.kke djrk gw¡A gs nso!
gs 'kadj! gs dkekfj! gs f'ko! gs fo'oukFk! gs bZ'oj! gs gj! gs pjkpj txn~:i çHkks! ;g fyaxLo:i
leLr txr~ rqEgha ls mRiUu gksrk gS rqEgha esa fLFkr jgrk gS vkSj rqEgha esa y; gks tkrk gSA
f'koksikluk esa iapk{kjea=k(ue% f'kok;) dk cgqr egÙo crk;k x;k gSA bls loZJs"B eU=k
rFkk lHkh eU=kksa dk lkj crk;k x;k gSA bl eU=k ds ik¡pksa v{kjksa ij ^f'koiÛÓk{kjLrks=ke~* dh
jpuk Hkh vkpk;Z 'kadj us dh gSA ;g Lrks=k cgqr gh çpfyr gSA vkpk;Z 'kadj dh ,d vU; çeq[k
Ñfr ^f'kokuUnygjh* gSA ge blesa ls Hkh ,dk/ mnkgj.k çLrqr djsaxs ftlls f'ko ds Lo:i ij
çdk'k iM+rk gSA
djksfe RoRiwtka lifn lq[knks es Hko foHkks
fof/Roa fo".kqRoa fn'kfl [kyq rL;k% QyfefrA
iqu'p Roka æ"Vqa fnfo Hkqfo ogu~ if{ke`xrk&
en`"V~ok rR[ksna dFkfeg lgs 'kÄ~dj foHkksAA (23)
HkkokFkZ gS&gs çHkks! eSa viuh iwtk dk Qy vkils ;gh pkgrk gw¡ fd vki eq>s vius pj.kksa
ls dHkh vyx u djsaA vkids pj.kksa ls nwj jgdj eSa vkSj rks D;k] czãk vkSj fo".kq dk in Hkh ugha
pkgrkA D;ksafd czãk vkSj fo".kq dks Hkh vkidks <w¡<+us ds fy;s Øe'k% gal vkSj ojkg dk :i /kj.k
djuk iM+k] fdUrq fQj Hkh os vkidk irk u ik ldsA og czãk vkSj fo".kq dk in fdl dke dk
ftlesa jgdj vkils foNksg gksA ckt vk;k ,sls cMI+iu ls] eq>s og ugha pkfg;sA eSa rks
NksVs&ls&NksVk gksdj vkids pj.kksa esa iM+k jguk pkgrk gw¡] Ñi;k eq>s ogha LFkku nhft;sA
ukya ok ijeksidkjdfena Rosda i'kwuka irs
i';u~ dqf{kxrka'pjkpjx.kku~ ckg~;fLFkrku~ jf{krqe~A
lokZeR;Ziyk;ukS"k/efrTokykdja Hkhdja
fuf{kIra xjya xys u fxfyra uksn~xh.kZeso Ro;kAA (31)
HkkokFkZ gS&gs i'kqifr! vkidh n;kyqrk dk D;k dgukA leqæ ls fudys gq, dkydwV
egkfo"k dh çy;dkjh Tokykvksa ls Hk;Hkhr gks nsork yksx tc vkidh 'kj.k vk;s rks vki
n;kijo'k gks ml mxz fo"k dks viuh gFksyh ij j[kdj vkpeu dj x;sA bl çdkj mls vkpeu
rks dj x;s] fdUrq mls eq¡g esa ysrs gh vkidks vius mnjLFk pjkpj fo'o dk è;ku vk;k vkSj vki
lkspus yxs fd ftl fo"k dh Hk;adj Tokykvksa dks nsork yksx Hkh ugha lg lds] mls esjs mnjLFk
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vk| 'kadjkpk;Z dh f'koksikluk
tho dSls lg ldsaxs\ ;g è;ku vkrs gh vkius ml fo"k dks vius xys esa gh jksd fy;k] uhps ugha
mrjus fn;kA bl çdkj ml Hk;adj fo"k ls nsorkvksa dks gh ugha] vfirq leLr pjkpj txr~ dh
j{kk dhA èkU; gS vkidh ijnq%[kdkrjrk dks! blh ls rks vkidks ^HkwrHkkou* dgrs gSaA mlh
LokHkkfod n;k ls çsfjr gks vki bl fo"k;&fo"k ls ttZfjr larIr ân; dh Hkh lq/ yhft;s vkSj
bls vius vHk; pj.kksa dh lq[kn 'khry Nk;k esa j[kdj 'kk'or lq[k ,oa 'kkfUr dk vf/dkjh
cukb;sA
mis{kk uks psr~ ¯d u gjfl Hko¼~;kufoeq[kka
nqjk'kkHkwf;"Bka fof/fyfie'kDrks ;fn Hkoku~A
f'kjLr}S/k=ka uuq [kyq lqo`Ùka i'kqirs
dFka ok fu;ZRua dju[keq[ksuSo yqfyre~AA (15)
HkkokFkZ gSµ vki esjk 'kh?kz m¼kj ugha djrs] blls rks ;gh tkfgj gksrk gS fd vki esjh
mis{kk djrs gSa] esjh Qfj;kn dks lqudj vkids dku ij tw¡ Hkh ugha jsaxrh_ ugha rks Hkyk vcrd
esjh ;g gkyr jgrh\ ;fn vki dgsa fd HkkbZ! ge D;k djsa] fo/krk us rqEgkjs dje esa ;gh fy[kk
gS fd rqe gekjs è;ku ls foeq[k jgdj nqjk'kkvksa ls iw.kZ thou O;rhr djks] rks eSa vkils ;g iwNrk
gw¡ fd D;k vki fo/krk ds ys[k dks ugha feVk ldrs\ vki rks] drZqedrqZeU;Fkkdrq± leFkZ gSa]
czãk&fo".kq lc dBiqryh dh Hkk¡fr vkids b'kkjs ij ukprs gSaA fQj D;k vki esjs fy;s bruk Hkh
ugha dj ldrs\ ;fn vki dgsa fd czãkth ds vkxs esjh is'k ugha vkrh] rks eSa vkils iwNrk gw¡]
D;k vki ml fnu dks Hkwy x;s tc vkius mudk xksy&xksy ik¡pok¡ eq[k tks cgqr c<+&p<+ dj
ckrsa dj jgk Fkk] ckr&dh&ckr esa vius u[k ds vxzHkkx ls gh dye dj fn;k Fkk vkSj bl çdkj
cspkjs czãkth] tks vkidh cjkcjh djus pys Fks] prqjkuu gh jg x;s\ cl] ;g lc cgkusckth jgus
nhft;s] eSa bl çdkj Hkqykos esa ugha vkus dkA vc rks ftl rjg ls Hkh gks vkidks esjk m¼kj djuk
gh gksxkA

(çLrqr ys[k xhrkçsl] xksj[kiqj }kjk çdkf'kr dY;k.k ds ^f'kokad*] ^f'koksiklukad* rFkk ogha ls
çdkf'kr ^Lrks=k jRukoyh* ij vk/kfjr gSA)

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