ACCE 3111

Chemical Technology-IV
Credit hours: 3

Dr. Md. Ashraful Alam

Professor
Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Noakhali Science and Technology University
 Overview

ü Course contents
ü Introduction to paint
ü Constituents of paint
ü Characteristics of paint
ü Classification of paint
 Course contents
1. Leather: Classification of hides and skins; Structure of animal skins;
Pretannage processes; Tanning processes; Commercial preparation of
tanning extract; Finishing of leather; Commercial aspects of leather.
2. Glue, Gelatin and Adhesives: Manufacture of gelatin; By-products;
Chemistry of Glue and Adhesives and their commercial importance.
3. Surface Coating Material: Paint, Varnish and lacquer - constituents
and their functions; Performance of surface coating; Properties of
pigments, binders and volatile solvents; Manufacture of paints, varnish
and lacquer.
4. Fragrances and Flavors: Constituents of perfumes; vehicles, the
fixative and odoriferous elements; Synthetics and semi-synthetics used
in perfumes and flavors; Formulations; Natural fruit concentrates.
5. Food: Introduction, types of food additives, food processing, food
processing equipments.
 Course contents
3. Surface Coating Material: Paint, Varnish and lacquer - constituents
and their functions; Performance of surface coating; Properties of
pigments, binders and volatile solvents; Manufacture of paints, varnish
and lacquer.
4. Fragrances and Flavors: Constituents of perfumes; vehicles, the
fixative and odoriferous elements; Synthetics and semi-synthetics used
in perfumes and flavors; Formulations; Natural fruit concentrates.
Book reference:
1. Industrial chemistry, B K Sharma
2. Introduction to chemical technology, Dryden
3. Shrev`s chemical process industries, Austin
4. Dryden`s outlines of chemical technology, Gopala Rao
5. Google/Website/Internet
 PAINTS
Paint is generally homogenous mechanical
mixture of pigments, binder, additives and solvent
which after application to a surface in a thin layer
is converted to an opaque coherent solid film that
provides protective purpose as well as aesthetic
view.
All paints are basically similar in composition in
that they contain a suspension of finely ground
solids (pigments) in a liquid medium (vehicle)
consisting of a polymeric or resinous material
(binder) and a volatile solvent.
 Why we need Paints?

Increase the Aesthetic appeal of a

attractiveness of community of homes and their
manufactured goods interiors

Paint

Preservation of Surfaces Avoid Corrosion of Metals

 Constituent of PAINTS
PAINT

BINDER SOLVENT

PIGMENT ADDITIVES
 CHARACTERISTICS OF PAINTS
o It should possess a good spreading power i.e.
Maximum area of the surface should be covered by
minimum quantity of the paint. Such that it can be
o The paint should be fairly cheap and economical.
o The paint should be such that it can be easily and
freely applied on the surface.
o The paint should be such that it dries in reasonable
time and not too rapidly.
o The paint should be such that its color is maintained
for a long time.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF PAINTS cont.
o The paint should form a hard and durable surface.
o The paint should not affect the health of workers
during its application.
o The paint should not be affected by weathering
actions of the atmosphere.
o The paint should possess attractive and pleasing
appearance.
o The surface coated with paint should not show cracks
when the paint dries.
o When applied on the surface, the paint should form a
thin film of uniform nature.
 Classification of Paints
Paint can be classified on different basis.
A. On the basis of Solvent used:
B. On the basis of purposes
C. On the basis of film forming materials or binders
D. On the basis of properties
E. On the basis of function
F. On the basis of sheen of paint
 A. On the basis of Solvent used:
Two types: 1. Water based paint, 2. Oil based paint
1. Water-based paint:
o It is a Mixer of Pigments, Binder, Drier and mainly Water.
o The majority of wall paint sold today is water-based.
o It comes in the range of cheap to highly expensive luxury
qualities.
o Many categories of water based paints are easily washable
when set and dried.
o It is suitable for Interior as well as exterior walls.
o Only Water is added before its application process.
o Requires Lesser time than oil paints to dry.
o Maintains its original colour for longer period of time.
 Classification of Water Based Paints

Divided into two types:

i)Distemper ii) Emulsion
i) Distemper:
o Distempers are durable and economical water
based paints.
o Contains casien or glue as binder.
o They have good covering power, easy
applicability, and smooth, pleasant looking
durable film
o However their film is porous in nature and is
not moisture proof.
o They have been the main painting substance
for decades and still are excellent budget
painting solutions.
 Classification of Distempers
Distempers are of two types:
i) Acrylis ii) Synthetic
i) Acrylic Distemper:-
o It is distemper of the highest quality and gives
the wall a delightful smooth matt finish.
o Have high Finish.
Area covered:- 1kg= 150-180 sq.ftx2 Coats
ii) Synthetic Distemper:-
o It is water-based paint value for Money
Distemper.
o Have low finish.
o Area covered:- 1kg= 100-120 sq.ftx2 Coats.
 Classification of Paints
Emulsion:
o These are superior quality of paints formed
by mixing oil/water and an emulsifying agent
to prevent the separation of the combination.
o They have much better ease of application,
are washable.
o Have greater overall decorative appeal.
o They provide a higher coverage than a
distemper or enamel.
Two types:
i) Interior ii) Exterior
 Interior Emulsion Paints

Interior Emulsion:
o These are water based emulsion paints that
are used in interior potion of a building.
o Possible to formulate for matt (non-shiny),
satin (subtle soft-sheen) and silk (high
sheen) finish.
o Example, Vinyl matt emulsion, Vinyl satin
emulsion, Vinyl silk emulsion
 Exterior Emulsion Paints
Exterior emulsion:
o It is a smooth water-based, modified
acrylic, exterior wall finish with silicon
additives.
o These are the paints that are used in
exterior potion of a building that is
exposed to direct sunlight, air and water.
o They have additional qualities to
withstand the weather condition comes
with keeps on changing as per the
seasons.
 2. Oil Based Paints (Enamel paints)
o Generally termed as enamel paints which
comes under Different varied colours.
o made with either alkyd (synthetic) or
linseed (natural) oils.
o more durable, but it takes longer to dry, and
cleanup requires turpentine oil or thinner
for its application.
o Oil based paints are durable but it changes
its original colour after the year passes.
o It can be used on walls, ceilings, doors,
windows, mosquitoes mesh, Iron
frames/Furniture, Wooden
frames/Furniture's, Art craft Items etc.
B. On the Basis of Purposes

On the Basis of Purposes:

 Cement Paint
o Water based paint in which cement is used as
binder.
o Applied to either exterior or interior walls including
brick work and concrete.
o It is used for painting exterior wall surface mainly
for preventing water penetration and reductions of
dirt collection
o Durable and water resistant.
o It prevents growth of fungus and bacteria on
exterior surfaces.
o Comes in powder form.
o Not only it adds to the aesthetics of the wall but
also provides a waterproofing coating and can
supplement the role of putty.
 Texture paints :
o These are used to create a desired visual
effects on the walls.
o By the use of brushes, rollers, putty knives,
trowels and other applications a variety of
patterns can be created.
o Other paints can be applied on the textures to
create desired effects.
o Sometimes, texture paints are tinted prior to
application, giving the desired colour.
o Texture paints also help in covering
undulations and levelling surfaces.
 Wood Finishes :
o Wood Finish Paints are different from the
usual wall paints and are formulated
specifically for application on wooden
surfaces.
o They have better capacity of adhering to
the wooden surfaces and enhancing the
appeal of the wooden textures.
o These include wood sealers, varnishes,
preservatives etc.
 C. ON THE BASIS OF Film forming materials/Binders USED

a) Oil Paints
b) Alkyd Paints
c) Latex Paints
d) Epoxy Paints
e) Acrylic Paints
f) Distemper
g) Emulsion Paint
h) Polyurethane Paints
i) Shellac
j) Chlorinated rubber
k) Silicate Paint
l) Silicone paints
•Oil Paints
o utilize a drying oil that oxidizes and hardens
to form a tough elastic film when exposed to
thin layer of air.
o This is the ordinary paint and it is generally
applied in three coats of varying composition.
o The oil paints are used in general for all types
of surfaces, such as wood work, walls,
ceilings, metal work etc.
o They have a low order shine
Alkyd Paints
o have as a binder an alkyd resin, such as
chemically modified soy or linseed oil.

•Latex Paints
o have as a binder an acrylic resin that
coalesces as water evaporates from the
emulsion.

•Epoxy Paints
o have an epoxy resin as a binder for increased
resistance to corrosion, abrasion and
chemicals
Emulsion Paints
o Contain an emulsion of alkyds, phenol
formaldehyde etc. (as vehicle) in water.
o They are highly durable, impermeable to dirt,
resistant to washing, rapidly drying.
o They can be cleaned easily.

•Distemper
o Contains casien or glue as binder.
o Theyn are water based paint having good
covering power, easy applicability, and
smooth, pleasant looking durable film
o However their film is porous in nature and is
not moisture proof.
Recap
THANK YOU