VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI

A REPORT ON

“SOCIAL CONNECT AND RESPONSIBILITY”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Bachelor Degree

IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
III Semester
Social Connect and Responsibilities (BSCK307)
By:
BHOOMIKA M
(1CC22CS013)

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Anthony Raj

Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
Dr. SMCE College of Engineering
Bengaluru.2023-2024

Dr. Sri Sri Sri Shivakumara Mahaswamy College of Engineering

Byranayakana Halli, Thymagondlu Hobli, Nelamangala, Karnataka562132
E-mail:principaldrsmce@gmail.com, URL:wwwdrsmce.edu.in
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

REPORT
On

“SOCIAL CONNECT AND RESPONSIBILITY”

Submitted in partial fulfillment for Bachelor Degree
In

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

III SEMESTER 2023-2024

SUBMITTED BY:

BHOOMIKA M
(1CC22CS013)

Dr. Sri Sri Sri Shivakumara Mahaswamy College of Engineering

Byranayakana Halli, Thymagondlu Hobli, Nelamangala, Karnataka562132
 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the Report work entitled “Social Connect and Responsibilities” is

a bonafide work carried out by BHOOMIKA M (1CC22CS013) in partial

fulfillment of Report (BSCK307), III Semester, Computer Science and

Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during

the year 2023-2024. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for

internal assessment have been incorporate dint he Report deposited in the

departmental library. There port has been approved as it satisfies the academic

requirements in respect of (BSCK307) Evaluation of Work Prescribed by the said

Degree.

Signature of Guide Signature of HOD Signature of Principal

Prof.Anthony Raj Dr.Renukaradhya Dr Ramesh H D
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to place my regards and acknowledgement to all who helped in making
this seminar possible. We thank all those whose guidance served as a beacon of light
and crowned our efforts with success.

We would take this opportunity to express our heartfelt gratitude to the management
committee - Chairman MR. D. C. VENUGOPAL Sir and the Principal Dr.
RAMESH Sir for all the infrastructures provided to complete the REPORT on time.

We deeply in debted to Dr. Renukaradhya Sir, HOD, Computer Science and

Engineering for the ineffable encouragement the provided for the successful
completion of the project.

A special and an earnest word of thanks to the guide Prof. Anthony Raj for her
constant assistance, support, patience, endurance and constructive suggestions for the
betterment of the Report.

We are extremely thankful to the teaching and non-teaching staff of the Department of
Computer Science and Engineering for their valuable guidance and cooperation
throughout our dissertation.

We thank my parents for their support and guidance provided to us to finish the report
well ahead of time. We thank my friends who lent their support in every way possible
to make sure the report has been completed. Last, but not least. We would like to thank
God for giving us this opportunity to do everything in the appropriate time to finish
this report.

BHOOMIKA M
(1CC22CS013)
 ABSTRACT

Social Connect and responsibility enable the student to do a deep drive into societal challenges
being addressed by NGO(s), social enterprises, the government and build solutions to alleviate
these complex social problems through immersion, design & technology. It provides a formal
platform for students to communicate and connect with their surroundings. It enables to create
a responsible connection with society.

Students are expected to have the ability to understand social responsibility, Practice
sustainability and creativity and showcase planning and organizational skills. The course is
mainly activity-based that will offer a set of activities for the student that enables them to
connect with fellow human beings, nature, society, and the world at large. Plantation of a
tree that will be adopted for four years by a group of B.Tech. Students. They will also make
an excerpt either as a documentary or a photo blog describing the plant’s origin, its usage in
daily life, and its appearance in folklore and literature.

Heritage tour, knowing the history and culture of the city, connecting to people around through
their history, knowing the city and its craftsman, photo blog and documentary on evolution
and practice of various craft forms. Usefulness of organic farming, wet waste management in
neighboring villages, and implementation in the campus. Knowing the present practices in the
surrounding villages and implementation in the campus, documentaryor photo blog presenting
the current practices. City’s culinary practices, food lore, and indigenous materials of the
region used in cooking.

The course will introduce social context and various players in the social space, and present
approaches to discovering and understanding social needs. Social immersion and inspiring
conversional will culminate in developing an actual, idea for problem-based intervention,
based on an in-depth understanding of a key social problem.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Module No. Module Name Page No.

1. Plantation And Adaptation Of A Tree 1-7

1.1. Introduction
1.2. Origin of lemon plant
1.3.Botanical feature
1.4. Usage of lemon in daily life
1.5. Usage of lemon in medicines
1.6.Plantation

2. Heritage Walk and Crafts Corner 8-15

2.1. Introduction
2.2. Mysore Palace Architecture
2.3. History
2.4.Attractions of Mysore Palace

3. Organic Farming And Waste Management 16-21

3.1. Organic Farming
3.2. Cow Manure
3.3. N.P.K Biofit Fertilizers

4. Water Conservation 22-24

4.1. Krushi Honda
4.2. Scope,Dimension and Cost
4.3.Beneficiaries
4.4.Implementation of the Scheme

5. Food Walk 25-27

5.1. Mushroom
5.2. Uses of Mushroom
5.3. Varieties of food in mushroom

6. Conclusion 28

7. References 29
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MODULE – 1

1. PLANTATION AND ADOPTATION OF TREE

1. Lemon Tree

1.1 Introduction
Botanical Name: Citrus limon (Rutaceae)
Common Name: Lemon the lemon tree, scientifically known as Citrus lemon, is a perennial
evergreen tree renowned for its fragrant flowers and tart, citrusy fruits. Widely cultivated for its
culinary, medicinal, and ornamental purposes, the lemon tree has a fascinating botanical profile and
plays a significant role in various aspects of human life. This report provides a comprehensive
overview of the lemon tree, covering its morphology, growth conditions, cultivation, and economic
importance.

Fig.1 Lemon Tree

1.2 Origin of lemon plant

The exact origin of the Lemon is uncertain. Suggestions are that it originated in the Punjab region
of Pakistan and India, or the eastern Himalayan region of southern China and upper Myanmar. The
lemon was already known in China about 500 BC and reached Europe around AD 1000- 1200. It is
believed the Lemon fruit was introduced into Australia in 1788 by Captain Cook.

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The Indus Valley Civilization, one of the world's oldest civilizations, which existed around 2500
BCE, is often credited with early lemon cultivation. The fruit likely played a role in culinary and
medicinal practices in this ancient civilization. The lemon plant, Citrus lemon, is believed to have
originated in northeastern India and northern Myanmar, evolving as a hybrid between the bitter
orange and citron. Cultivation likely began in this region, with lemons gradually domesticated. Over
time, lemons spread through trade and exploration, introduced to the Middle East, North Africa,
Europe, and the Americas. Today, lemon plants thrive in various regions with suitable climates,
including the Mediterranean, California, and Florida. Known for their refreshing flavor, lemons
have a rich history and are integral to diverse cuisines.

1.3 Botanical feature

1 Morphology:
• Small to medium-sized evergreen tree with a bushy habit.
• Elliptical or ovate glossy leaves arranged alternately on the branches.
• Woody stems with thorns, especially in wild varieties.

Fig 1.3.1

Plant morphology of Limau: A) flowering shoot, B) fruiting shoot, C) entire shoot composed of
leaves and branches, D) detached organs consisted of leaf, flower inflorescence, single flower, fruit
let, mature fruit, and seed (from left to right).
2 Flowers:
• Axillary clusters of fragrant white flowers.
• Hermaphroditic reproductive parts with both stamens and pistils.
3 Fruits:
• Berry known as a hesperidium, typically oval or ellipsoidal.
• Yellow color when ripe, characterized by a sour taste due to citric acid content.

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Fig.1.3.2 flowers Fig.1.3.3 fruits

4 Reproductive biology:
• Pollination primarily by bees; possibility of self-pollination.
• Fruits develop from the ovary of the flower and take several months to mature.

Fig.1.3.4 Reproductive biology of citrus

5 Ecological Requirements:
• Thrives in subtropical to tropical climates; sensitive to frost.
• Prefers well-draining soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH.

1.4 Usage of lemon in daily life

1. Culinary Marvel: culinary powerhouse, adding a zesty punch to salads, marinades, and
desserts, while their juice and zest are commonly used in beverages and cooking.

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2. Health Booster: Packed with vitamin C, lemons contribute to overall health and immunity,
often consumed in the form of lemon water for its potential digestive benefits.

Fig.1.4 Usage of lemon

3. Versatile Personal Care: The citric acid in lemons is harnessed for skincare, lightening dark
spots, and acting as a natural exfoliant. Lemon juice is also used in hair care for lightening and
addressing dandruff.
4. Household Handyman: Lemons serve as natural cleaners, cutting through grease and grime,
while their pleasant scent makes them a popular deodorizer for kitchens and refrigerators.
5. Multi-Purpose Preserver: Lemon juice helps preserve the freshness of fruits, prevents
browning, and plays a key role in marinating, contributing flavor and tenderness to meats and
seafood.

1.5 Usage of lemon in medicine:

Cold and Flu Relief:

Lemon's high vitamin C content is utilized to support the immune system, potentially providing
relief during colds and flu by promoting faster recovery
Skin Care:
The citric acid in lemons may have mild exfoliating properties, making them a common ingredient
in home remedies for skin issues. However, caution is needed to avoid skin irritation, and consulting
a dermatologist is advisable. Ref, fig.1.5.1

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Fig.1.5 usage of lemon in medicine Fig.1.5.1 lemon in skin care

Digestive Aid:
Lemon juice is believed to stimulate digestive enzymes, aiding in digestion and helping alleviate
issues like bloating or indigestion.
Sore Throat Soother:
The antibacterial properties of lemons make them a natural choice for gargling with warm lemon
water, providing relief and soothing sore throats.
Respiratory Support:
Inhaling steam infused with lemon juice may offer relief for respiratory issues, helping to ease
congestion and promote better breathing.

1.6 Plantation
1. Site Selection
• Choose a site with well-draining soil to prevent water logging.
• Optimal pH range is slightly acidic to neutral.
• Ensure the site receives ample sunlight for at least 6-8 hours a day.

Fig 1.6.1 site selection

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2. Preparation of land:
• Clear the land of weeds and debris to create a clean planting environment. Ref fig 1.6.2
• Incorporate organic matter into the soil for improved fertility. Ref fig 1.6.3
• Ensure proper drainage to prevent water stagnation.

Fig 1.6.2 Fig 1.6.3

3. Planting Process:
• Use healthy and disease-free nursery-bought lemon saplings.
• Ref fig 1.6.2, Dig planting holes twice the size of the root ball.
• Place saplings in holes, backfill with soil, and water thoroughly.
• Maintain adequate spacing between trees (typically 10-15 feet).

fig 1.6.3 Planting process

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4. Water Irrigation:
• Provide regular watering, especially during dry periods.
• Avoid overwatering to prevent root rot; use a drip irrigation system if possible.
• Mulch around the base to retain soil moisture.

Fig. 1.6.4
5. Care and Maintenance
• Prune lemon trees to shape, removing dead or diseased branches.
• Fertilize regularly with a balanced citrus fertilizer during the growing season.
• Monitor for pests and diseases, applying appropriate treatments if necessary.

Conclusion:
Successful lemon tree plantation involves careful site selection, proper land preparation, and
diligent care and maintenance practices. Following these guidelines can lead to a productive lemon
orchard with economic benefits and a sustainable yield of high-quality fruits. Regular monitoring
and adaptive management are key to ensuring the health and productivity of the lemon trees.

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MODULE – 2
2. HERITAGE WALK AND CRAFTS CORNER
Mysore Palace

1.1 Introduction:
Mysore Palace, also known as Amba Vilas Palace, is a historical palace and a royal residence
(house). It is located in Mysore, Karnataka, India. It used to be the official residence of the Wadiyar
dynasty and the seat of the Kingdom of Mysore. The Palace is in the Centre of Mysore, and faces
the Chamundi Hills eastward. Mysore is commonly described as the “City of the Palaces”, and there
are seven palaces including this one. However, the Mysore Palace refers specifically to the one
within the new fort.

Fig. 2.1 Mysore Palace

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The Land on which the palace now stands was originally known as Mysuru (literally,
“citadel”). The first palace inside the Old Fort was built in the 14th century, which was set ablaze
and reconstructed multiple times. The Old Fort was built of wood and thus easily caught fire, while
the current Fort was built of stone, bricks and wood. The current structure was constructed between
1897 and 1912, after the Old Palace burnt down, the current structure is also known as the New
Fort. Mysore Palace is one of the most famous tourist attractions in India, after the Taj Mahal, with
more than six million annual visitors.

1.2 Mysore Palace Architecture

The Mysore Palace is designed by the English Architect, Henry Irwin, the Mysore Palace dominates
the skyline of Mysore. A three storied structure in the Indo-Saracenic style built between 1897-
1912, the palace has beautifully designed square towers at cardinal points, covered with domes. The
Durbar Hall with its ornate ceiling and sculpted pillars and the Kalyana mantapa (marriage pavilion)
with its glazed tiled flooring and stained glass, domed ceiling is worth noting. Intricately carved
doors, the golden howdah (elephant seat), paintings as well as the fabulous, jewel encrusted golden
throne (displayed during Dasara) are amongst the palace‟s other treasures.
The Walled palace complex houses the Residential Museum
(incorporating some of the Palace‟s living quarters), temples and shrines including the Shwetha
Varahaswamy temple. The Palace is illuminated on Sundays, Public Holidays as well as during
the Dasara Celebrations where 97,000 electric bulbs are used to illuminate it. The Palace has four
entrances. Main entrance is called “Jaya Maarthaanda” to the east, “Jayarama” to the North,
”Balarama” to the South and “Varaha” to the West. The Timings of Mysore Palace will be 10AM
to 05.30PM, all the days.

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fig 2.2 Mysore Palace Architecture

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1.3 History
Mysore Palace, a sprawling three-story, gray granite, Indo-Saracenic building capped by a five-
story tower that culminates in a gilded dome in the southern Indian City of Mysuru in Karnataka
State. The city is home to a number of Palaces, but when people talk of Mysore Palace, they are
referring to this Palace within a historic Fort. Also referred to as the Amba Vilas. The site features
cows grazing happily among the lush gardens and twelve Hindu temples that also make up the
complex. The site‟s history is closely linked to that of the royal family of the former kingdom of
Mysore, the Wadiyar dynasty. The family ruled the area from 1399, when they first lived in a palace
at Mysore, and the city became the Kingdom‟s capital in 1799.

While it is believed that the palace originally was built no later than 1574, the first recorded mention
of a palace on the current site was in 1638. In 1793 Tippu Sultan is said to have knocked down the
palace to make way for the new city of Nazarbad, and a new wooden structure was built in 1803.
This palace, however, was burned to the ground in 1897 when a fire broke out during wedding
festivities. The then queen regent commissioned British-Indian architect Henry Irwin to design a
new palace, and work on the present palace was completed in 1912. After
India‟s Independence in 1947, the palace came into state ownership, although part has been given
over the descendants of the former maharajas.

The Mysore Palace is now a museum and major tourist attraction. Highlights include many ornate
rooms and the colonnaded Durbar Hall. In addition, every fall the Dussehra festival is celebrated
at the palace.

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Fig 2.3 Mysore Palace

1.4 Attractions of Mysore Palace

1) The Dolls Pavilion
The Gombe Thotti was originally meant to display dolls during the Dasara festivities. It is a tradition
in Mysuru to worship dolls during Dasara, a tradition which was inherited from the Vijayanagar
times. During these festivities, in every house, dolls were tastefully arranged. This tradition
continues even today. During the time of Maharajas, this area was opened to the public (during
Dasara festivities). Today, the bays of the western part of Gombe Thotti houses a collection of
various objects of art including European marble sculptures acquired by the royalty.

Fig 1.4.1 The Dolls Pavilion of Mysore Palace

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2). Golden Throne

In the northernmost bay of Gombe Thotti is the Golden Howdah also called the Ambari. It is the
major attraction of the Mysore Palace and it is the Royal Seat of the rulers of the Mysuru Kingdom.
The core of this Howdah is a wooden structure in the form of a mantapa, which is covered with
80kgs of gold sheets having intricate designs consisting of scrolls, foliage and flowers. It is the
focus of the Dasara Procession‟s grand finale, a tradition that continues to this day also the idol of
the presiding deity of the Mysuru city, Goddess Chamundeshwari, is taken in procession in the
Golden Howdah.

Fig 1.4.2. Golden Throne of Mysore Palace

3). Public Durbar Hall

Most gorgeously decorated hall with a harmonious composition in colors where the king and his
closest advisers would meet to discuss the affairs of state. The Golden Throne is placed in the
octagonal pavilion on the western end of the hall and the descendant of the Mysore Royal Family
holds private ceremonials and sits on it during the Dasara Festivities.

Fig 1.4.3.Public Durbar Hall of Mysore Palace

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4). Paintings Gallery

Between 1934 and 1945, the Wadiyars commissioned five of the finest artists in Karnataka to paint
the glory and grandeur of the Mysore Dasara Procession. 26 Panels based on actual photographs
were created and are displayed here.

Fig 1.4.4.Paintings Gallery of Mysore Palace

5). Marriage Pavilion

It’s an octagonal shaped hall where all royal weddings, birthdays and ceremonial functions were
celebrated. Dome supported by clusters of pillars is of cast iron. There are 26 paintings, which
depict Dasara procession. The stained-glass ceiling has a rich tapestry of peacock motifs and floral
mandalas held in place by metal beams. The design of the glass and framework was created by the
artists of Mysuru and manufactured in Glasgow.

Fig 1.4.5. Marriage Pavilion

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6).Wrestling Courtyard
The Kings of Mysore were great patrons of wrestling and here wrestling competitions were
conducted.

Fig 1.4.6.Wrestling Courtyard of Mysore Palace

Conclusion

These are the reasons I think you should visit Mysore India. It has lots of greenery, good food, and
a wonderful history. I hope you visit since it’s such a wonderful place. You won’t want to miss it!
Mysore is the best and I think you should visit it. If over 3 million people visited in 2010 you should
too.

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MODULE – 3
ORGANIC FARMINGAND WASTE MANEGEMENT
3.1 ORGANIC FARMING
Organic farming is a system which avoids or largely excludes the use of synthetic inputs (such as
fertilizers, pesticides, hormones, feed additives etc) and to the maximum extent feasible rely upon
crop rotations, crop residues, animal manures, off-farm organic waste, mineral grade rock additives
and biological system of nutrient mobilization and plant protection.

Fig 3.1 Organic Farming

3.1.1 Usefulness of Organic Farming

Organic farming is increasingly recognized as a sustainable and environmentally friendly
agricultural practice. Here are some key reasons highlighting the need for organic farming.
Environmental Sustainability:
Organic farming promotes sustainable agricultural practices that prioritize the health of ecosystems.
It avoids the use of synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, and genetically modified organisms (GMOs),
reducing the environmental impact and preserving biodiversity.
Soil Health:
Organic farming emphasizes soil health through the use of natural fertilizers, compost, and crop
rotations. This helps maintain soil structure, fertility, and microbial diversity, leading to long-term
productivity without depleting the soil.

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Reduce Chemical Reduces:

Organic farming prohibits the use of synthetic pesticides and herbicides. As a result, organic
produce generally has lower chemical residues, reducing potential health risks for both consumers
and farmers.
Water Conservation:
Organic farming practices often involve water conservation measures, such as mulching and drip
irrigation, helping to minimize water usage compared to conventional agriculture.

3.2 Cow Manure:

Cow manure is a valuable organic fertilizer rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and
potassium, essential for plant growth. Its use enhances soil fertility, improves water retention, and
promotes a healthy microbial environment. However, improper handling and storage of cow
manure can lead to environmental issues, emphasizing the importance of responsible management
practices.
Cow manure plays a crucial role in organic farming as a natural and nutrient-rich fertilizer,
providing essential elements like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Its organic matter enhances
soil structure, promotes microbial activity, and increases water retention, fostering a healthy and
sustainable agricultural environment. Utilizing cow manure in organic practicesavoids the use of
synthetic chemicals, contributing to soil health and minimizing environmental impact.

Fig.3.2.Cow Manure

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3.3 N.P.K biofit fertilizers

"N.P.K fertilizers are essential for plant growth, providing key nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus,
and potassium. Understanding their uses is crucial for maintaining soil fertility and maximizing
crop yield."

Fig 3.3.N.P.K Biofit Fertilizers

3.3.1 Usages of N.P.K Biofit Fertilizers

1. Nitrogen (N):
• Stimulates leafy, green growth.
• Essential for photosynthesis and protein formation.
2. Phosphorus (P):
• Promotes root development and growth.
• Important for flower and fruit formation.
3. Potassium (K):
• Enhances overall plant health and disease resistance.
• Aids in the regulation of water uptake and retention.
These fertilizers are crucial for maintaining soil fertility and ensuring optimal plant growth and
yield.

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3.4 Waste Management

Wet waste management involves the proper handling, collection, and disposal of organic waste,
which includes kitchen scraps, food leftovers, garden waste, and other biodegradable materials. The
goal is to manage these materials in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner.

3.4.1 Objectives
Objectives of wet waste management in villages are:
1. Resource Utilization:
 Convert organic waste into valuable resources like compost or bio energy, promoting
sustainable agricultural practices and reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers.
2. Environmental Protection:
 Prevent open dumping or burning of wet waste to minimize environmental pollution,
contribute to cleaner air and water, and support overall ecosystem health.
3. Sanitation and Hygiene Improvement:
 Enhance cleanliness and hygiene in villages by effectively managing wet waste, reducing the
risk of diseases associated with improper waste disposal.
4. Community Engagement and Education:
 Involve the local community in waste management practices through education and awareness
programs, empowering them to actively participate in waste reduction and recycling efforts.
5. Circular Economy Promotion:
 Encourage a circular economy mindset where organic waste is considered a valuable resource,
fostering systems that enable the continuous reuse of organic matter within the local ecosystem.

3.4.2 Implementation
The implementation steps for the five objectives related to wet waste management in villages are
as follows:
1. Resource Utilization:
 Introduce composting bins or pits in villages for the disposal of organic waste.
 Conduct training sessions for villagers on composting techniques and the benefits of using
compost in agriculture.
 Establish a community-based composting facility to centrally process organic waste and
produce nutrient-rich compost for local farmers.

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2. Environmental Protection:
 Implementation Steps:
 Implement a comprehensive waste collection system with separate bins for wet and dry waste.
 Raise awareness about the environmental impacts of open dumping and burning of wet waste
through community workshops and campaigns.
 Enforce regulations against improper waste disposal and provide alternatives such as
composting.
3. Sanitation and Hygiene Improvement:
 Implementation Steps:
 Distribute compostable waste bags to households for the hygienic collection of kitchen waste.
 Organize regular clean-up drives and waste collection campaigns in collaboration with local
authorities.
 Promote the construction and use of household compost pits to manage kitchen waste on-site.
4. Community Engagement and Education:
 Implementation Steps:
 Conduct awareness programs in schools, community centers, and village gatherings on the
importance of waste segregation.
 Involve local leaders and influencers to advocate for wet waste management practices.
 Establish community-led waste management committees to facilitate ongoing education and
engagement.
5. Circular Economy Promotion:
 Implementation Steps:
 Introduce initiatives to encourage the use of compost in local agriculture.
 Collaborate with local farmers to integrate composting into their farming practices.
 Explore opportunities for income generation by selling compost or by-products of waste
management initiatives.

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RESULT

Before

After

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MODULE-04
WATER CONSERVATION
4.1 KRUSHI HONDA

Fig.4.1 krushi Honda

Karnataka is predominantly an agrarian State. 80% of the area depends upon the monsoon for
agriculture. Quite often even the meagre water from the unpredictable rains just drains away. People
resort to digging bore wells indiscriminately resulting in the gradual depletion of the water table. If
the rain water is prevented from draining away and stored properly, the ground water tablegets
recharged and the crops can get adequate water during critical conditions.
Government of Karnataka has initiated, as a part of the Suvarna Karnataka Year celebrations, an
ambitiousprogramme to encourage the SC/ST and small and marginal farmers, who are solely
dependent on agriculture, to construct a Suvarna Krishi Honda by providing a maximum subsidy
of Rs.9800 per unit.

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4.1 Objectives
 Recharge and rejuvenate ground water table
 Mitigate drought situations
 Provide water to people and animals during drought situations
 Improve farmers' economic conditions by encouraging agricultural productivity.

4.2 Scope, Dimensions and Cost

• 5692 village panchayats in 745 blocks coming under 176 taluks of the 27 districts of Karnataka
have been brought under the purview of this scheme.
• Krishi honda of minimum dimension 9 mtr length x 9 mtr width x 3 mtrs depth would be built
with inlet-cum-outlet and silt trap.
• The project details have been designed in keeping with the extent of dry lands, rainfall and
the farmers' economic conditions in each taluk. A maximum subsidy of Rs.9800 per unit would be
paid by the state government towards the cost of construction of these hondas.

4.3 Beneficiaries
Selection of beneficiaries will be done by the Watershed Development Department official on the
basis of technical feasibility. While selecting the beneficiaries, 40% have to be SC/ST farmers and
the balance 60% to be marginal farmers (owning less than one hectare) and small farmers (owning
less than 2 hectares). The cost of construction exceeding Rs.9,800 has to be borne by the beneficiary.

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4.4 Implementation of the Scheme

• The Watershed Development Department with people's participation creates awareness about
water management, rejuvenation and recharging of ground water among the villagers and
encourage them to adopt krishi honda in their lands.
• Invites applications from the interested farmers and the selection is done based on technical
feasibility.
• Under guidance from the technical experts of the department and with the co-operation of the
field level officers the scheme is implemented.
• Since the water is constantly stored in the honda during the monsoon months, farmers can also
develop fish farming.

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MODULE-05
FOOD WALK

5.1 MUSHROOM

Mushrooms are fungi with various shapes and colors, prized for their culinary diversity and
potential health benefits. They play a crucial role in ecosystems, aiding in decomposition and

nutrient recycling.

Fig.5.1 Mushroom

5.2 Uses of Mushroom

1. Culinary Delights: Mushrooms are a popular ingredient in many cuisines worldwide, adding
unique flavors and textures to dishes. They can be grilled, sautéed, stuffed, or used in soups and
stews.
2. Medicinal Benefits: Certain mushrooms have been used in traditional medicine for their
potential health benefits. For example, reishi mushrooms are believed to boost the immunesystem,
while shiitake mushrooms may have anti-inflammatory properties.
3. Environmental Role: Mushrooms play a crucial role in the environment as decomposers,
breaking down organic matter and recycling nutrients. They help maintain soil health and contribute
to ecosystem balance.
4. Bioremediation: Some mushrooms have the ability to absorb and break down pollutants, such
as oil and toxic chemicals, making them useful in environmental cleanup efforts.
5. Psychoactive Effects: Certain mushrooms, like psilocybin mushrooms, contain compounds
that can induce hallucinations and altered states of consciousness. These mushrooms have been
used in spiritual and therapeutic contexts.

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5.3 Varieties of food in Mushroom

Mushrooms offer a wide array of varieties, each with its own unique flavor, texture, and culinary
uses. Common types include button mushrooms, which are mild and versatile, making them ideal
for a variety of dishes. Portobello mushrooms are larger and have a meaty texture, often used as a
vegetarian burger substitute. Shiitake mushrooms have a rich, savory flavor and are frequently used
in Asian cuisine. Oyster mushrooms have a delicate flavor and are popular in stir-fries and soups.
Additionally, there are exotic varieties like enoki, which have a mild taste and a long, slender shape,
perfect for salads and garnishes. Each type of mushroom adds its own distinct character to dishes,
making them a versatile and flavorful ingredient in many cuisines.

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5.3.1 Mushroom Biryani

• Mushroom biryani is a vegetarian dish made with mushrooms and fragrant rice cooked with
spices.
• It is a popular variation of traditional biryani, which is typically made with meat.
• The mushrooms are usually marinated in yogurt and spices before being cooked with the rice,
giving them a rich, flavorful taste.
• The dish is often garnished with fried onions, cashews, and fresh cilantro before serving.
• Mushroom biryani can be served with raita (yogurt-based side dish) or a vegetable curry.
• It is a nutritious dish, as mushrooms are low in calories and fat, but high in protein, fiber, and
various vitamins and minerals.

• Mushroom biryani is a great option for vegetarians looking for a hearty and flavorful meal.

Fig.5.3.a Fig.5.3.b

The Hesaraghatta main road is referred as “the mushroom highway”, courtesy the plethora of
mushroom farms and hotels, food stalls serving „full-menu mushroom‟ delicacies.
Most popular and the oldest (since 2006) is Hotel Oyster which is “the original mushroom hotel”
on Hesaraghatta main road. From “mushroom kababs”, “mushroom biryani”, “pudina mushroom”,
“mushroom burger”, “mushroom soup” and even “ragi mudde with mushroom curry” refer fig.5.3.b
culinary uses. Beyond their culinary appeal, mushrooms also offer various health benefit

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Conclusion:

In conclusion, the collective endeavours towards water conservation, efficient water management,
and the promotion of organic farming represent pivotal steps towards fostering sustainable
livelihoods and environmental stewardship. By prioritizing the preservation and responsible
utilization of water resources, communities can safeguard ecosystems, ensure equitable access to
this vital resource, and mitigate the impacts of water scarcity and pollution. Additionally, the
embrace of organic farming practices not only fosters healthier ecosystems but also nurtures soil
fertility, enhances biodiversity, and reduces reliance on harmful chemicals, thereby promoting
human health and resilience in the face of environmental challenges. Furthermore, initiatives such
as heritage walks and craft corners serve as poignant reminders of our cultural heritage and
traditions, fostering a sense of pride and connection within communities. These endeavors not only
support local artisans and economies but also promote sustainable tourism practices, encouraging
visitors to appreciate and respect the cultural and natural landscapes they encounter. Similarly, food
walks offer a unique avenue for culinary exploration, celebrating local flavoursand ingredients
while promoting sustainable food systems. By highlighting the importance of locally sourced and
seasonal produce, food walks not only support local farmers and businesses but also reduce carbon
emissions associated with long-distance food transportation, contributing to climate mitigation
efforts. Moreover, tree adoption initiatives play a crucial role in enhancing urban green spaces,
combating deforestation, and mitigating the impacts of climate change. By engaging communities
in tree planting and stewardship activities, these initiatives foster a sense of environmental
responsibility and ownership, while also providing numerous social, economic, and ecological
benefits. In essence, the convergence of these efforts underscores the interconnectedness of
environmental conservation, cultural heritage preservation, sustainable agriculture, and community
resilience. By embracing these principles and practices, we can collectively strive towards a more
harmonious and sustainable future for present and future generations.

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Reference:

The information presented in this essay on water conservation, water management, organic farming,
heritage walks, craft corners, food walks, plantation, and tree adoption has been gathered from
various sources. These include online platforms such as Google, YouTube, and Wikipedia, where
a range of articles, videos, and resources were consulted. Additionally, insights and guidance were
obtained from ChatGPT Furthermore, select information and concepts were derived from relevant
books and publications on sustainability, agriculture, cultural heritage, and environmental
conservation.

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