Lte Ue RF Measurements v122

LTE UE RF measurements An introduction and overview
February 2010
Andreas Roessler Andreas.Roessler@rohde-schwarz.com

Technology Manager North America Rohde & Schwarz, Germany
Guenter Pfeifer Guenter.Pfeifer@rohde-schwarz.com

Product Manager CMW500 Rohde & Schwarz, Germany
Your presenters today
Andreas Roessler
Technology Manager North America Rohde & Schwarz, Germany
Guenter Pfeifer
Product Manager CMW500 Rohde & Schwarz, Germany
LTE UE RF measurements A. Roessler and G. Pfeifer | February 2010 | 2
Outline
l Introduction, l Overview and market update, l Status of standardization, l LTE UE RF measurements, l Prerequisites, LTE Call Setup, l TX measurements
Power measurements, transmit signal quality, spectrum, l RX measurements,
l Summary & conclusion.
Overview, market update

l The LTE eco-system is building up, l l Several LTE platforms have been announced and demonstrated by leading device / chipset manufacturer on various trade shows around the globe in 2009, l Various field trials are ongoing, using different infrastructure providers, l Several test systems and instruments are available, l 1st (pre-)commercial network launch in Europe end of 2009, more expected during l 2010 with a rapid deployment in 2011/2012, l 51 global network operator
Market research or what analyst say about LTE,

l The global LTE handset market will
increase from 70 million sales units in 2012 to 150 million by 2013, l LTE subscribers to reach 380 million by 2015, l By 2013 operators will spend over $8.6 billion on LTE base stations infrastructure, l LTE will grow faster than 3G,
Status standardization (3GPP),

l Actual specification is Dec09 baseline, l Core specification (RAN1 to RAN4) now
commitments to LTE in 24 countries,

l LTE offers migration part not only for
stable, l UE test specifications (RAN5) is subject to traditional GSM/WCDMA carrier but also for change. CDMA2000 1xRTT/1xEV-DO carrier,
UE testing according to standards (3GPP)

RF, RRM and protocol conformance
l 3GPP TS 36.521,
l Part 1
RF conformance testing, Section 6 (= Tx), Section 7 (= Rx), Section 8 (= Performance), Section 9 (= CQI, PMI reporting), Radio Resource Management (RRM) conformance testing,
l Part 3
l 3GPP TS 36.523,
l Part 1
Protocol conformance specification,
l Work items closed*), specification of priority #1 and #2 test cases
used for LTE UE certification are complete.
*) based
on TSG RAN#46 in Sanya/China, December-1st-4th 2009
Migration to R&S CMW500 hardware platform

R&S CMU200
Radio Communication Tester
One HW platform configurable as

l Non-signaling production unit All cellular standards, WLAN, FM, GPS, WiMAX, DVB l LTE/HSPA+ Protocol Tester, l LTE/HSPA+ RF Test Set,
R&S CMW500
also 2G/2.5G also CDMA2000/1xEV-DO, Bluetooth, FM
(picture showing configuration as LTE RF Tester)
R&S
Rel-99
CRTU-G/W
Rel-5 Rel-6
l ...as well as future proofed platform for
the upcoming challenges

Rel-7 Rel-8 Rel-9 Rel-10
Protocol Test Platform
Rel-4
LTE UE RF testing aspects

User Equipment (UE) according to 3GPP TS 36.521-1
l Tx characteristic (section 6), l Transmit power, l Rx characteristics (section 7), l Reference sensitivity level, Maximum input level, Adjacent channel selectivity (ACS), Maximum UE output power, Maximum Power Reduction (MPR), Additional MPR, Blocking characteristics, Spurious response, configured UE transmitted output power, Intermodulation characteristics, Spurious l Output power dynamics, emissions,
Minimum output power, Transmit OFF l power, ON/OFF time mask, power control, l Transmit Signal Quality, Frequency error, EVM vs. subcarrier, EVM vs. symbol, LO leakage, IQ imbalance, Inband emission, spectrum flatness, l Output RF spectrum emissions, Occupied bandwidth, Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM), Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio (ACLR), spurious emission band UE coexistence, l Transmit Intermodulation,
Performance requirements (section 8),

l Demodulation of PDSCH (FDD/TDD), Single antenna, transmit diversity(2x2, 4x2), open and closed loop spatial multiplexing (2x2, 4x2), l Demodulation of PCFICH/PDCCH (FDD/TDD), Single antenna, transmit diversity, l Demodulation of PHICH, Single antenna, transmit diversity, l Demodulation of PBCH,
Captured in TS 36.101 UE radio transmission and reception and TS 36.521-1 UE conformance LTE UE RF measurements specification, Part 1 A. Roessler and G. Pfeifer | February 2010
l Reporting of CQI/PMI (section 9), l CQI reporting under AWGN and fading conditions, single and multiple PMI reporting.
| 7
Why testing LTE at all?

Some bullet points
l LTE uses a complex physical layer with a high demand on testing, l OFDM is in general very sensitive to frequency and clock offsets, l SC-FDMA: verify that the PAPR1) is really low(er) to minimize UL interference, l Bandwidths up to 20 MHz are used by LTE, which requires power
amplifier and IQ modulators to have a flat frequency response,

l Usage of higher-order modulation schemes (16QAM, 64QAM) requires high
modulation accuracy even when noise, fading and interferences are present, l No transmit filter definition in LTE, as for 3G technologies, l In-channel performance (i.e. EVM) and out-of-channel performance (i.e. ACLR, SEM) requirements need to be met by the design, l Testing multiple use of antennas (MIMO) as part of performance
requirements,
l Transmit diversity, spatial multiplexing (closed-looped and open loop).
1)
Peak-to-Average Power Ratio
On what type of channels and signals measurements can be made in the uplink?
Path loss Multipath propagation UL interference
LTE-capable base station (enhanced Node B, eNB)
Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)

(Demodulation Reference Signal, occupied time slot position depends on used format)
Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)

(Demodulation Reference Signal, over entire bandwidth in time slots #3 and #10)
Sounding Reference Signals (SRS)
LTE-capable terminal (User Equipment, UE)
A first challenge LTE frequency bands...

E-UTRA Operating Band 1 2 3 4 5 61 7 8 9 10 Uplink (UL) operating band BS receive UE transmit FUL_low FUL_high 1920 MHz 1850 MHz 1710 MHz 1710 MHz 824 MHz 830 MHz 2500 MHz 880 MHz 1749.9 MHz 1710 MHz 1427.9 MHz 698 MHz 777 MHz 788 MHz 704 MHz 815 MHz 830 MHz 1900 MHz 2010 MHz 1850 MHz 1930 MHz 1910 MHz 2570 MHz 1880 MHz 1980 MHz 1910 MHz 1785 MHz 1755 MHz 849 MHz 840 MHz 2570 MHz 915 MHz 1784.9 MHz 1770 MHz 1452.9 MHz 716 MHz 787 MHz 798 MHz 716 MHz 830 MHz 845 MHz 1920 MHz 2025 MHz 1910 MHz 1990 MHz 1930 MHz 2620 MHz 1920 MHz Downlink (DL) operating band BS transmit UE receive FDL_low FDL_high 2110 MHz 1930 MHz 1805 MHz 2110 MHz 869 MHz 875 MHz 2620 MHz 925 MHz 1844.9 MHz 2110 MHz 1475.9 MHz 728 MHz 746 MHz 758 MHz 734 MHz 860 MHz 875 MHz 1900 MHz 2010 MHz 1850 MHz 1930 MHz 1910 MHz 2570 MHz 1880 MHz 2170 MHz 1990 MHz 1880 MHz 2155 MHz 894MHz 885 MHz 2690 MHz 960 MHz 1879.9 MHz 2170 MHz 1500.9 MHz 746 MHz 756 MHz 768 MHz 746 MHz 875 MHz 890 MHz 1920 MHz 2025 MHz 1910 MHz 1990 MHz 1930 MHz 2620 MHz 1920 MHz 2400 MHz FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD Duplex Mode
Europe, Japan, Korea
Europe
by GCF prioritized frequency bands for LTE
11 12 13 14 17 18 19 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
US
China
40
LTE UE RF measurements 2300 MHzand G. Pfeifer | February 2010MHz 2400 MHz 2300 | 10 A. Roessler
but the R&S CMW500 supports already all bands and bandwidths!
Pick any 3GPP frequency band and
select channel number or carrier frequency!
FDL = FDL _ low + 0.1 (N DL N Offs DL ) FUL = FUL _ low + 0.1 (NUL N Offs UL )
Setup a LTE call with R&S CMW500

l http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3dTAOCFvuEg
Insert the video Insert the video
Measurements as usual?
No! Multi-evaluation measurement for LTE FDD/TDD
Modulation
Resource Allocation Table
Power, power control

Spectrum
UE maximum output power

l One power class has been defined for all applicable 3GPP frequency bands: Power class 3: +23 dBm 2.7 dB, at the edge of spectrum lower tolerance is -4.2 dB, The period of measurement shall be at least one subframe (= 1ms), Measurement defined for all bandwidths, using QPSK modulation and partial RB allocation (always 1 RB, size of 2nd allocation depends on BW, i.e. 18 RB @ 20 MHz), l However the flexibility of the LTE air interface in terms of bandwidth and
modulation requires Maximum Power Reduction (MPR) when using higher order modulation schemes and increasing transmission bandwidth,
Modulation 1.4 MHz QPSK 16 QAM 16 QAM >5 5 >5 Channel bandwidth / Transmission bandwidth configuration [RB] 3.0 MHz >4 4 >4 5 MHz >8 8 >8 10 MHz > 12 12 > 12 15 MHz > 16 16 > 16 20 MHz > 18 18 > 18 MPR (dB) 1 1 2
For some 3GPP frequency bands network signaling informs the UE about an additional maximum power reduction (A-MPR) to meet additional requirements, i.e. for SEM or spurious emissions,
LTE power measurements with R&S CMW500

RB power = Resource Block Power, power of 1 RB TX power = integrated power of all assigned RBs
Power
TX power value corresponds to the maximum UE output power depending on the settings!
Frequency
In-band emissions measurement

l Estimate the interference to non-allocated resource blocks, as the
UE shares transmission bandwidth with other UEs,

l 3 types of in-band emissions: general, DC image and IQ image.
Channel bandwidth (e.g. 20 MHz = 100 RB)
Used allocation < channel bandwidth
Transmit signal quality

Frequency error
Power level
|f| = 0.1ppm+15Hz
IQ component
RF carrier
RB0 EVM, Spectrum flatness
RB1
RBN-1
RBN
frequency
In-band emissions
Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)

EVM vs. subcarrier
f f0 f1 f2 f3
Integration of all Error Vectors to Display EVM curve
Limits: BPSK+QPSK (17.5%), 16QAM (12.5%), 64QAM (tbd)
Error vector
....
Error vector

EVM vs. symbol
1 Time Slot = 0.5 ms 7 SC-FDMA symbols (normal Cyclic Prefix (CP)) Time 1 SC-FDMA symbol
1 subframe = 1 ms [minimum Transmit Time Interval (TTI)] Frequency
but there are 2 results displayed per SC-FDMA symbol Why?

EVM vs. symbol How is this EVM measured?
4.7 (144 samples), 5.2 (160) s for normal CP, 16.7 (512) s for extended CP TSymbol = 66.7s (2048 samples) Symbol part equal to Cyclic Prefix (CP) length
CP
Start for EVMlow
SC-FDMA Data Symbol #0
FFT length (2048 samples)

W
(e.g. 136 samples)
Start for EVMhigh
FFT window size does not capture the full length: symbol + CP FFT window size depends on system bandwidth and CP length
Channel Bandwidth [MHz] 1.4 3 5 10 15 20
Cyclic Prefix (CP) length Ncp for symbol 0
Cyclic Prefix (CP) length Ncp for symbols 1 to 6
Nominal FFT size 128 256
Cyclic prefix for symbols 1 to 6 in FFT samples 9 18 36 72 108 144
EVM window length W in FFT samples [5] [12] [32] [66] [102] [136]
Ratio of W to CP for symbols 1 to 6 [55.6] [66.7] [88.9] [91.7] [94.4] [94.4]
160
144
512 1024 1536 2048
3GPP TS 36.101 V8.8.0, Annex F, Table F.5.3.-1 for normal cyclic prefix

EVM vs. Symbol How is this EVM measured?
EVMlow
EVMhigh
Spectral flatness
Nominal subcarriers Amplitude Equalizer coefficients Equalized subcarriers f f0 f1 f2 f3
Integration of all Amplitude Equalizer Coefficients to display spectral flatness curve
Output RF spectrum emissions

SEM ACLR
From modulation process
fOOB
Harmonics, parasitc emissions, intermodulation and frequency conversion

Spurious domain
Spurious domain
fOOB
Channel bandwidth
RB
E-UTRA Band
Worst case: Resource Blocks allocated up to/at channel edge

Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR)

Active LTE carrier, 20MHz BW
1 adjacent LTE carrier, 20MHz BW
2 adjacent WCDMA carriers, 5MHz BW
Spectrum Emission Mask, SEM

OBW: Occupied bandwidth, defined as 99% of power spectal density SEM: Spectrum Emission Mask, measured with different resolution bandwidth, 1 MHz (away from carrier) or 30 kHz (close to carrier) RBW
99%
1 MHz RBW
30 kHz RBW
LTE FDD RX Measurements

l Receive Sensitivity Tests
Transmit data on PDSCH AWGN Blockers Adjacent channels
+
Specifies DL scheduling parameters like RB allocation Modulation, etc. for every TTI (1ms) Receive data on PUSCH or PUCCH
ACK/NACK Counting
LTE FDD RX Measurements

l Rx Measurements l Counting
ACKnowledgement (ACK) NonACKnowledgement (NACK)
l Calculating l BLER (NACK/ALL) l Throughput [kbps]
Thank you for your attention.

Question & answers
Visit us at the Mobile World Congress 2010 in Barcelona, Hall 1, booth 1D33.

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LTE UE RF measurements An introduction and overview

Andreas Roessler Andreas.Roessler@rohde-schwarz.com

Guenter Pfeifer Guenter.Pfeifer@rohde-schwarz.com

Your presenters today

LTE UE RF measurements A. Roessler and G. Pfeifer | February 2010 | 2

l Summary & conclusion.

LTE UE RF measurements A. Roessler and G. Pfeifer | February 2010 | 3

Overview, market update

Market research or what analyst say about LTE,

Status standardization (3GPP),

commitments to LTE in 24 countries,

LTE UE RF measurements A. Roessler and G. Pfeifer | February 2010 | 4

UE testing according to standards (3GPP)

Protocol conformance specification,

l Work items closed*), specification of priority #1 and #2 test cases

used for LTE UE certification are complete.

on TSG RAN#46 in Sanya/China, December-1st-4th 2009

LTE UE RF measurements A. Roessler and G. Pfeifer | February 2010 | 5

Migration to R&S CMW500 hardware platform

One HW platform configurable as

(picture showing configuration as LTE RF Tester)

l ...as well as future proofed platform for

the upcoming challenges

Protocol Test Platform

LTE UE RF measurements A. Roessler and G. Pfeifer | February 2010 | 6

LTE UE RF testing aspects

Performance requirements (section 8),

Why testing LTE at all?

amplifier and IQ modulators to have a flat frequency response,

Peak-to-Average Power Ratio

LTE UE RF measurements A. Roessler and G. Pfeifer | February 2010 | 8

Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)

Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)

Sounding Reference Signals (SRS)

LTE-capable terminal (User Equipment, UE)

LTE UE RF measurements A. Roessler and G. Pfeifer | February 2010 | 9

A first challenge LTE frequency bands...

Europe, Japan, Korea

by GCF prioritized frequency bands for LTE

select channel number or carrier frequency!

LTE UE RF measurements A. Roessler and G. Pfeifer | February 2010 | 11

Setup a LTE call with R&S CMW500

Insert the video Insert the video

LTE UE RF measurements A. Roessler and G. Pfeifer | February 2010 | 12

Resource Allocation Table

Power, power control

UE maximum output power

LTE power measurements with R&S CMW500

LTE UE RF measurements A. Roessler and G. Pfeifer | February 2010 | 15

In-band emissions measurement

UE shares transmission bandwidth with other UEs,

Channel bandwidth (e.g. 20 MHz = 100 RB)

Used allocation < channel bandwidth

LTE UE RF measurements A. Roessler and G. Pfeifer | February 2010 | 16

Transmit signal quality

RB0 EVM, Spectrum flatness

LTE UE RF measurements A. Roessler and G. Pfeifer | February 2010 | 17

Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)

Integration of all Error Vectors to Display EVM curve