GB's TUTORIAL

DURGABARI ROAD, TINSUKIA

ALTERNATING CURRENT
Class 12 - Physics
Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 87

1. The primary of step-down transformer used for ringing doorbell has 2000 turns of fine wire and the secondary [1]
has 100 turns. This transformer when connected to a 110 V A.C. source will deliver at its secondary a potential
difference of:

a) 220 V b) 11 V

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c) 5.5 V d) 55 V

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2. The voltage across the terminals of an ac power supply varies with time according to Vcosωt . The voltage [1]
amplitude is V = 45.0 V. Root-mean-square potential difference is

a) 35.8 V b) 31.8 V

3.
c) 37.8 V
S d) 33.8 V

In a series LCR circuit, the capacitance is changed from C to

C
. For the resonant frequency to remain [1]
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4

unchanged, the inductance should be changed from L to nL, where n is:

a) 2 b) 1
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c) 4 d) 1

4. A voltage signal is described by: [1]

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v = V0 for 0 ≤ t ≤
T

= 0 for T

2
≤ t ≤ T

for a cycle. Its rms value is:

a) V0
b) V0
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2 √2

–
c) V0 d) √2 V0

5. A 15 Ω resistor, an 80 mH inductor and a capacitor of capacitance C are connected in series with a 50 Hz ac [1]
source. If the source voltage and current in the circuit are in phase, then the value of capacitance is

a) 100 μ F b) 127 μ F

c) 160 μ F d) 142 μ F
6. The power factor of a series LCR circuit at resonance will be [1]

a) 1
b) 1
2

c) 0 d) 1

√2

7. The voltage across the terminals of an ac power supply varies with time according to Vcosωt . The voltage [1]
amplitude is V = 45.0 V. Average potential difference between the two terminals of the power supply is

a) 35.8 V b) 33.8 V

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 c) 37.8 V d) 0 V
8. In an a.c. circuit, the voltage applied is E = E0 sin ωt. The resulting current in the circuit is I = I0 sin (ωt - π
). [1]
2

The power consumption in the circuit will be

a) b) P = 0
E0 I0

–
c) P = d) P = √2 E0 I0
E0 I0

√2

9. The phase difference between the current and the voltage in series LCR circuit at resonance is [1]

a) π

2
b) π

c) π
d) zero
3

10. A coil of inductance 0.50 H and resistance 100 Ω is connected to a 240 V, 50 Hz ac supply. Maximum current in [1]
the coil and time lag between the voltage maximum and the current maximum are

a) 1.62 A, 3.82 ms b) 2.82 A, 3.82 ms

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c) 1.82 A, 3.2 ms d) 5.22 A, 2.82 ms

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11. Which of the following quantity/quantities remains same in primary and secondary coils of an ideal transformer? [1]
Current, Voltage, Power, Magnetic flux

a) Voltage only b) Magnetic flux and Power both

c) Power only Sd) Current only

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12. In a series RLC circuit R = 300 Ω , L = 60 mH, C = 0.50 μF applied voltage V = 50 V and ω = 10,000 rad/s. [1]
Inductive reactance X , capacitive reactance X and impedance Z are
L C
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a) 600 Ω , 200 Ω and 500Ω b) 450 Ω , 200 Ω and 450 Ω

c) 550 Ω , 300 Ω and 100 Ω d) 500 Ω , 250 Ω and 500 Ω

13. The natural frequency of the circuit is [1]
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a) 110.25 Hz b) 95 Hz

c) 200.12 Hz d) 159.24 Hz
14. The phase difference between the alternating current and emf is π
. Which of the following cannot be the [1]
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constituent of the circuit?

a) L alone b) C alone

c) L-C d) R, L
15. The primary and secondary coils of a transformer have 500 turns and 5000 turns respectively. The primary coil [1]
is connected to an ac source of 220 V 50 Hz. The output across the secondary coil is:

a) 2200 V - 50 Hz b) 1100 V - 50 Hz

c) 2200 V - 5 Hz d) 220 V - 50 Hz
16. In an ac circuit, the maximum value of voltage is 423 volts. Its effective voltage is [1]

a) 400 volt b) 340 volt

c) 323 volt d) 300 volt

17. The wiring for a refrigerator contains a starter capacitor. A voltage of amplitude 170 V and frequency 60 Hz [1]
applied across the capacitor is to produce a current amplitude of 0.850 A through the capacitor. Capacitance

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 required is

a) 17.8 μF b) 13.3 μF

c) 15.3 μF d) 23.4 μF
18. You have a special light bulb with a very delicate wire filament. The wire will break if the current in it ever [1]
exceeds 1.50 A, even for an instant. What is the largest root-mean-square current you can run through this bulb?

a) 1.26 A b) 1.46 A

c) 1.06 A d) 1.56 A
19. When an alternating voltage E = E0 sin ωt is applied to a circuit, a current I = I0 sin(ωt + π

2
) flows through it. [1]

The average power dissipated in the circuit is

E0 I0
a) E rms ⋅ Irms b)
√2

c) Zero d)

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E0 I0

20. Alternating current can not be measured by d.c. ammeter, because: [1]

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a) average value of current of complete cycle b) a.c. cannot pass through a.c. ammeter
is zero

c) a.c. ammeter will get damaged d) a.c. changes direction

21. S
A condenser of 250 μ F is connected in parallel to a coil of inductance 0.16 mH, while its effective resistance is [1]
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20 Ω . Determine the resonant frequency.

a) 8 × 105 Hz b) 9 × 10 Hz
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c) 16 × 107 Hz d) 9 × 104Hz

22. Reactance of a 3 H inductor at a frequency of 80.0 Hz is [1]

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a) 1508 Ω b) 1480 Ω

c) 1500 Ω d) 1490 Ω
23. You have a 200.0 Ω resistor, a 0.400-H inductor, 5.0 μF a capacitor, and a variable frequency ac source with an [1]
amplitude of 3.00 V. You connect all four elements together to form a series circuit. Current amplitude at an
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angular frequency of 400 rad/s is

a) 7.61mA b) 8.61mA

c) 8.91mA d) 7.91mA
24. In an ideal inductor, L = 4H and ω = 100 rad/s. The power developed is: [1]

a) 0 b) 2V0I0
Vo Io
c) V0I0 d) 2

25. The current flowing in a step down transformer 220 V to 22 V having impedance 220Ω is [1]

a) 0.1 A b) 0.1 mA

c) 1 A d) 1 mA
26. In a series LR circuit, XL = 3R . If a capacitor with X
C = R is added in series, the ratio of new to old power [1]
factor is:

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 a) 1
b) 2
√2

–
c) 1 d) √2

27. A series LCR circuit with R = 20 Ω , L = 1.5 H and C = 35 μF is connected to a variable-frequency 200 V ac [1]
supply. When the frequency of the supply equals the natural frequency of the circuit, average power transferred
to the circuit in one complete cycle is

a) 2800 W b) 2000 W

c) 1000 W d) 1800 W
28. In an LRC series circuit R = 300.0 Ω , XC = 300.0 Ω and XL = 500.0 Ω . The average power consumed in the [1]

resistor is 60.0 W. Rms voltage of the source is

a) 151 V b) 141 V

c) 161 V d) 131 V

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29. In a pure inductive circuit, the current [1]

a) lags behind the applied emf by an angle π b) and applied emf are in same phase

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c) lags behind the applied emf by an angle π

2
d) leads the applied emf by an angle π

30. The output of a step-down transformer is measured to be 24 V when connected to a 12 watt light bulb. The value [1]
of the peak current is
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–
a) 2A b) 2√2A

–
c) 1
d) √2A
√2A
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31. Mr. Iyer takes a grinder rated 220 V, 50 Hz to the U.S where supply is 110 V, 60 Hz. He needs to use a [1]

a) step-down transformer with turn ratio 2 : 1 b) step-up transformer with turn ratio 1 : 3

c) step-up transformer with turn ratio 1 : 2 d) step-down transformer with turn ratio 5 : 2
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32. In a pure inductive circuit with a.c. source, the current lags behind emf by phase angle of [1]

a) π

2
b) π

c) 2π d) π
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33. In a LCR-circuit, capacitance is changed from C to 2 C. For the resonant frequency to remain unchanged, the [1]
inductance should be changed from L to:

a) L/4 b) 4 L

c) 2 L d) L/2
34. An inductor with L = 9.50 mH is connected across an ac source that has voltage amplitude 45.0 V. Frequency of [1]
the source that results in a current amplitude of 3.90 A is

a) 180 Hz b) 129 Hz

c) 193 Hz d) 150 Hz
35. A transformer has 500 primary turns and 10 secondary turns. If the secondary has a resistive load of 15 Ω , the [1]
currents in the primary and secondary respectively, are

a) 3.2 × 10-3 A, 3 .2 × 10-3 A b) 3.2 × 10-3 A, 0.16 A

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 c) 0.16 A, 3.2 × 10-3 A d) 0.16 A, 0.16 A

36. An electric bulb marked 40 W and 200 V is used in a circuit of supply voltage 100 V. Its power would be: [1]

a) 20 W b) 100 W

c) 10 W d) 40 W
37. An ideal inductor is connected across an AC source of voltage. The current in the circuit [1]

a) lags voltage in phase by π. b) lags voltage in phase by .

π

c) is ahead of voltage in phase by . d) is ahead of the voltage in phase by π.

π

38. If the rms current in a 50 Hz ac circuit is 5 A, the value of the current 1

300
seconds after its value becomes zero is [1]
−
−
a) 5

6
A b) 5√
3
A
2

–
c) d)
5
A 5√2A
√2

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39. A 100 mH coil carries a current of 1 A. Energy stored in the form of the magnetic field is [1]

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a) 1 J b) 0.1 J

c) 0.5 J d) 0.05 J
40. In an ac circuit, voltage V and current i are given by [1]
V = 100 sin 100 t volt
i = 100 sin (100t + π
) mA
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The power dissipated in the circuit is

a) 5 W b) 10 W
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c) 2.5 W d) 104W

41. If the resistance of 100 Ω , the inductance of 0.5 H, and capacitance of 10 × 10-6 F are connected in series [1]
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through 50 Hertz AC supply, the impedance will be:

a) 18.7 Ω b) 189.7 Ω

c) 101.3 Ω d) 1.87 Ω
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42. In an LRC series circuit, the rms voltage across the resistor is 30.0 V, across the capacitor it is 90.0 V, and across [1]
the inductor it is 50.0 V. Rms voltage of the source is

a) 55.0 V b) 50.0 V

c) 60.0 V d) 65.0 V
43. What are the dimensions of impedance? [1]

a) ML3T-3I-2 b) M-1L2T3I2

c) ML2T-3I-2 d) M-1L3 T3I2

44. A circuit has a resistance of 12 ohm and an impedance of 15 ohm. The power factor of the circuit will be [1]

a) 0 ⋅ 8 b) 1 ⋅ 125

c) 0 ⋅ 4 d) 1 ⋅ 25

45. The primary winding of a transformer has 500 turns, whereas its secondary has 5,000 turns. The primary is [1]
connected to an a.c. supply 20 V-50 Hz. The secondary will have an output of:

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 a) 200 V - 50 Hz b) 200 V - 500 Hz

c) 2 V - 50 Hz d) 2 V - 5 Hz
46. Which of the following statements about a series LCR circuit connected to an ac source is correct? [1]

a) At resonance, the voltage drop across the b) At resonance, the voltage drop across the
inductor is more than that across the capacitor is more than that across the
capacitor. inductor.

c) If the net reactance (XL - XC) of circuit d) If the frequency of the source is increased,
becomes equal to its resistance, then the the impedance of the circuit first decreases
and then increases.
current leads the voltage by 45o.
47. In an LRC series circuit R = 300.0 Ω , XC = 300.0 Ω and XL = 500.0 Ω . The average power consumed in the [1]

resistor is 60.0 W. What is the power factor of the circuit?

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a) 0.881 b) 0.831

c) 0.931 d) 0.911

SD
48. A series circuit consists of an ac source of variable frequency, a 115.0 Ω resistor, a 1.25 μF capacitor, and a [1]
4.50-mH inductor. The impedance of this circuit when the angular frequency of the ac source is adjusted to half
the resonant angular frequency is

a) 156.0 Ω b) 166.0 Ω
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c) 176.0 Ω d) 146.0 Ω
49. The reactance of a capacitance at 50 Hz is 5 Ω . If the frequency is increased to 100 Hz, the new reactance is [1]
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a) 10 Ω b) 2.5 Ω

c) 125 Ω d) 5 Ω
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50. In an electrical circuit, the components R, L, C and an ac voltage source are all connected in series. When L is [1]
removed from the circuit, the phase difference between the voltage and the current in the circuit is . If instead,
π

C is removed from the circuit, the phase difference is again π

3
. The power factor of the circuit is:

a) √3
b) 1
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2 2

c) 1 d) 1

√2

51. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: [5]
In an a.c. circuit, values of voltage and current change every instant. Therefore, power of an a.c. circuit at any
instant is the product of instantaneous voltage (E) and instantaneous current (I). The average power supplied to a
pure resistance R over a complete cycle of a.c. is P = E v Iγ . When circuit is inductive, average power per cycle
is Ev Iv cos ϕ

In an a.c. circuit, 600 mH inductor and a 50 μ F capacitor are connected in series with 10 Ω resistance. The a.c.
supply to the circuit is 230 V, 60 Hz.
i. The average power transferred per cycle to resistance is

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 a. 10.42W
b. 15.25 W
c. 17.42 W
d. 15 W
ii. The average power transferred per cycle to the capacitor is
a. zero
b. 10.42 W
c. 17.42 W
d. 15 W
iii. The average power transferred per cycle to inductor is
a. 25 W
b. 17.42 W

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c. 16.52 W
d. zero

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iv. The total power transferred per cycle by all the three circuit elements is
a. 17.42 W
b. 10.45 W
c. 12.45 W
d. zero
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v. The electrical energy spend in running the circuit for one hour is

a. 7.5 × 105 Joule

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b. 10 × 103 Joule
c. 9.4 × 103 Joule
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d. 6.2 × 104 Joule

52. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: [5]
A transformer is essentially an a.c. device. It cannot work on d.c. It changes alternating voltages or currents. It
does not affect the frequency of a.c. It is based on the phenomenon of mutual induction. A transformer
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essentially consists of two coils of insulated copper wire having a different number of turns and wound on the
same soft iron core.
The number of turns in the primary and secondary coils of an ideal transformer are 2000 and 50 respectively.
The primary coil is connected to the main supply of 120 V and secondary coil is connected to a bulb of
resistance 0.6 Ω .
i. The value of voltage across the secondary coil is
a. 5V
b. 2V
c. 3V
d. 10V
ii. The value of current in the bulb is
a. 7A
b. 15A

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 c. 3A
d. 5A
iii. The value of current in primary coil is
a. 0.125 A
b. 2.52 A
c. 1.51 A
d. 3.52 A
iv. Power in primary coil is
i. 20W
ii. 5W
iii. 10W
iv. 15W

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v. Power in secondary coil is

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a. 15W
b. 20W
c. 7W
d. 8W
53. S
Read the following case study and answer the following questions: [5]
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When a pure resistance R, pure inductor L and an ideal capacitor of capacitance C is connected in series to a
source of alternating e.m.f., then current at any instant through the three elements has the same amplitude and is
represented as I = I0 sin ωt. However, voltage across each element has a different phase relationship with the
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current as shown in graph.

The effective resistance of RLC circuit is called impedance (Z) of the circuit and the voltage leads the current by
a phase angle ϕ .
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A resistor of 12 Ω , a capacitor of reactance 14 Ω and a pure inductor of inductance 0.1 H are joined in series and
placed across 200 V, 50 Hz a.c. supply.
Based on the information given above, answer the following questions:
i. The value of inductive reactance is
a. 15 Ω
b. 31.4 Ω
c. 20 Ω
d. 30 Ω
ii. The value of impedance is
a. 20 Ω
b. 15 Ω

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 c. 30 Ω
d. 21.13 Ω
iii. What is the value of current in the circuit?
a. 5 A
b. 15 A
c. 10 A
d. 9.46 A
iv. what is the value of the phase angle between current and voltage?

a. 53o 9'

b. 63o 9'
c. 55o 4'
d. 50o

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v. From graph, which one is true from following?

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a. VL ≥ VC

b. VL < VC
c. VL = VC
d. None of these
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54. Assertion (A): When capacitive reactance is smaller than the inductive reactance in series L-C-R circuit, voltage [1]
leads the current.
Reason (R): In series L-C-R circuit inductive reactance is always greater than capacitive reactance.
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a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

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55. Assertion: Faraday’s laws are consequences of conservation of energy. [1]

Reason: In a purely resistive AC circuit, the current lags behind the emf in phase.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
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statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
56. Assertion: In alternating current, direction of motion of free electrons changes periodically. [1]
Reason: Alternating current changes its direction after a certain time interval.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
57. Assertion (A): A capacitor of suitable capacitance can be used in a circuit in place of the choke coil. [1]
Reason (R): A capacitor blocks DC and allows AC only.

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 a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

58. Assertion (A): It is advantageous to transmit electric power at high voltage. [1]
Reason (R): High voltage implies high current.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

59. In the given circuit, the reading of the voltmeter V1 and V2 are 300 V each. [1]

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The reading of the voltmeter V3 and ammeter A are respectively

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a) 150 V, 2.2 A b) 240 V, 2 A

c) 100 V, 2 A d) 220 V, 2.2 A

60.
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The voltage across a pure inductor is represented in the figure. Which one of the following curves in the figure
will represent the current?
[1]
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a) b)
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c) d)

61. An iron cored coil is connected in series with an electric bulb with an AC source as shown in figure. When iron [1]
piece is taken out of the coil, the brightness of the bulb will

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 a) decrease b) remain unaffected

c) fluctuate d) increase
62. The power factor of the circuit shown in the figure is [1]

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a) 0.2 b) 0.6

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c) 0.8 d) 0.4
63. If the reading of the voltmeter V1 is 40 V, then the reading of voltmeter V2 is [1]

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a) 15 V b) 30 V
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c) 58 V d) 29 V
64. The rms value of potential difference V shown in the figure is [1]
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V0
a) V 0 b)
√3

V0 V0
c) d)
2 √2

65. A 50 Hz a.c. source of 20 V is connected across R and C as shown in the figure. The voltage across R is 12 V. [1]
The voltage across C is

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 a) not possible to determine, unless values of R b) 10 V
and C are given

c) 16 V d) 8 V
66. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [5]
A transformer is essentially an a.c. device. It cannot work on d.c. It changes alternating voltages or currents. It
does not affect the frequency of a.c. It is based on the phenomenon of mutual induction. A transformer
essentially consists of two coils of insulated copper wire having a different number of turns and wound on the
same soft iron core.
The number of turns in the primary and secondary coils of an ideal transformer are 2000 and 50 respectively.
The primary coil is connected to the main supply of 120 V and secondary coil is connected to a bulb of
resistance 0.6 Ω .
(a) The value of voltage across the secondary coil is

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a) 10V b) 5V

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c) 2V d) 3V
(b) The value of current in the bulb is

a) 15A b) 5A

c) 7A S d) 3A
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(c) The value of current in primary coil is

a) 2.52 A b) 0.125 A
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c) 1.51 A d) 3.52 A
(d) Power in primary coil is

a) 15W b) 20W
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c) 10W d) 5W
(e) Power in secondary coil is

a) 7W b) 8W
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c) 15W d) 20W

Question No. 67 to 71 are based on the given text. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [5]
Let a source of alternating e.m.f. E = E0 sinωt be connected to a circuit containing a pure inductance L. If I is the value
of instantaneous current in the circuit, then I = I0 sin (ωt − . The inductive reactance limits the current in a purely
π
)
2

inductive circuit and is given by XL = ωL.

67. A 100 hertz a.c. is flowing in a 14 mH coil. The reactance is

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 a) 7.5 Ω b) 15 Ω

c) 10 Ω d) 8.8 Ω
68. In a pure inductive circuit, resistance to the flow of current is offered by

a) resistor and inductor b) capacitor

c) inductor d) resistor
69. In an inductive circuit, by what value of phase angle does alternating current lags behind e.m.f.?

a) 90o b) 75o

c) 45o d) 120o

70. How much inductance should be connected to 200 V, 50 Hz a.c. supply so that a maximum current of 0.9 A flows
through it?

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a) 5 H b) 10 H

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c) 1 H d) 4.5 H
71. The maximum value of current when the inductance of 2 H is connected to 150 volts, 50 Hz supply is

a) 0.721 A b) 0.337 A

c) 1.521 A d) 2.522 A
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