VELAMMAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS),

MADURAI – 625 009.

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
QUESTION BANK
M.E.- common to CSE, IT and ECE
Branch :
(Ph.D. Course work)
Year & semester: I/I
Course Code & 21MA121; Applied Probability and
Name: Statistics
Course Incharge: Dr.S.Balamurugan
PART - A (each question carry 2 marks)
1. Define Vector space.

2. Define Ker (T).

Determine whether the vectors v 1=(1,-2,3) v 2=(5,6,-1) v 3=(3,2,1) form a

3.
linearly dependent or linearly independent set in R3?
4.
Define linearly independent vectors.
5. Define inner product space and give its axioms.
6. Find the norm of (3,-4, 0 ) in R3 with the standard inner product.

7. A continuous random variable X has pdf f(x)=3x2, 0x1. Find ‘a’ such
that P(Xa)=P(X>a).
8. If X and Y are any two independent Poisson variables with parameters
1 ,2, then (X+Y) is also a poisson variable with parameter (1 + 2).
The life time of a electric component X is connected as a continuous
random variable with
9.

f(x)=
{6 x (1−x );0≤x≤1
0 , otherwise . Check whether it is a pdf.
10. The mean of a binomial distribution is 20 and standard deviation is 4. Find
the parameters of the distribution.
The cumulative distribution function of the random variable X is given by

{
0 , x <0
11. 1 1
x+ ,0≤x≤
2 2
1 1
1,x>
F(x)=
2 . Find P( X > 4 ).
12. A random variable X has the p.d.f. f(x) = kxe–x , x>0 . Find the value of k
and the c.d.f. of X.
1
13.
Given that joint p.d.f. of (X, Y) is given by f(x, y) = 6 , 0<x<2 and 0<y<3,
determine the marginal density.
14.
If the joint p.d.f. of (X, Y) is given by f(x, y) = 2 in 0≤x<y≤1, find E(X).
2
15.
Find the marginal density functions of X and Y if f(x, y) = 5 (2x + 5y),
0≤x≤1, 0≤y≤1.
Assume the random variables X, Y and the p.d.f. f(x, y). What is
16.
E{E(X/Y)}?
 17. The joint p.d.f. of a two dimensional R.V. (X, Y) is given by
f(x, y) = ke-(2x+3y), x0, y0. Find the value of k.
18.
Define covariance between two random variables X and Y.
19.
What are the applications of t-distributions?
20.
Give any two applications of ❑2-test.
A random sample of 200 tins of coconut oil gave an average weight of 4.95
21.
kgs. With a S.D. of 0.21 kg. Do we accept that the net weight is 5 kgs per
tin at 5% level?
22.
Define Type-I and Type-II errors.

23.
Define Large and Small samples.

24.
Define level of significance.

25. Define mean vector and covariance matrix.

26. What is meant by principal component analysis.

( )
3 −2 5
27. 4 0 6
Find the transpose of the matrix
1 7 −3 .

( ) ( ) ()
3 −2 5 1 2
28. 4 0 6 −2 3
1 7 −3 1 1
If A= ,b= , B= , find Ab-4B.
29. Define Random matrix.

30. ( −5 1
1 −5 )
Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of A= .
PART – B (each question carry 13 marks)
Let V be the set of all positive real numbers. Define the vector addition and
1.
scalar multiplication as follows: x+y=xy and kx= x k . Determine
whether or not V is a vector space over R with respect to the above
operations.
2. Determine the basis and dimension of the solution space of the linear
homogeneous system x+y-z=0; -2x-y+2z=0; -x+z=0.
3. Prove that the union of two subspaces of a vector space is a subspace if and
only if one is contained in the other.
4. Prove that every linearly independent subset of a finitely generated vector
space V(F) is either a basis of V or can be extended to form a basis of V.
5. Prove that s={ v 1 , v 2, v 3…….. v n} is a linearly dependent set of vectors in V
iff there exists a vector v k in s such that v k is a linear combination of the
proceeding vectors v 1 , v 2, v 3…….. v k−1 .
6.
State and prove Dimension theorem.

Let T: R2 R3 be defined by T(x, y) = (x+3y, 0, 2x-4y). Compute the

7. matrix of the transformation with respect to the standard basis of R2 and
R3. Find N(T) and R(T). Is T one-one? Is T onto? Justify your answer.

8.
Find the least square solution of the equations

2 3 4 x 1
1 -2 3 y = 3 .
1 4 2 z 6
2 1 -3 1

9. Fit a second degree parabola of the form y = C0 + C1x + C2x2 to the

following data by the method of least squares:
x: 0 1 2 3
y: -1 2 6 7
10. Let V be an inner product space over F. Then for all x, y V and c F
prove the following:
(i) ‖cx‖ = ‫׀‬c‫‖ ׀‬x‖ ; (ii) ‖x‖ = 0 iff x = 0. In any case ‖x‖
0;
(iii) ‫<׀‬x, y>‫׀‬ ‖x‖ ‖y‖ [Cauchy-Schwartz Inequality] ;
(iv) ‖x+y‖  ‖x‖ + ‖y‖ [triangle inequality].
11. Let T: P2(R)  P2(R) be defined as T(f(x)) = f(x) + (x+1)f’(x). Find the
eigen values and the corresponding eigen vectors of T with respect to the
standard basis of P2(R).
12. Let V be the vector space over a field F. Let A and B be subspaces of V.
A +B B
Prove that ≅ .
A A ∩B
A random variable X has the following probability distribution:

X: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
P(x): 0 k 2k 2k 3k k2 2k2 7k2+
13. k

Find i. the value of k ; ii. P( X 6 ) ; iii. Cumulative distribution ;

1
iv. The smallest value of k for which P( X k ) > 2 ;
v. P( 1.5 < X < 4.5 | X > 2 ).
14.
Derive the m.g.f., mean and variance of a Poisson distribution.

15.
If X has an exponential distribution with parameter  , find the probability
function of Y = logX.
16. State and prove the memoryless property of an exponential distribution.

17. The mileage which a car owner gets with a certain kind of radial tyre is a
random variable having an exponential distribution with mean 40,000 km.
Find the probability that one of these types will last (i) atleast 20,000 km
(ii) atmost 30,000 km (iii) atleast 30,000 km given that it has been used
for 20,000 km.
 {
18. ax ; 0≤x≤1
a ;1≤x≤2
f ( x )=
3 a−ax ;2≤x≤3
A continuous random variable X has a p.d.f.
0 ;otherwise .
Find i) the value of ‘a’ ; ii) cdf of X ; iii)P( 1  X  2.5 ) ; iv) P( X >
1.5 ).

A box consists of 10 good articles and 4 with minor defects and 2 with
major defects. Two articles are chosen from the lot at random (without
19.
replacement). Find the probability that (i) both are good; (ii) both have
major defects; (iii) at least one is good; (iv) at most one is good; (v) exactly
one is good ; (vi) neither has major defects and (vii) neither is good.
20. An urn contains 10 white and 3 black balls. Another urn contains 3 white
and 5 black balls. Two balls are drawn at random from the first urn and
placed in the second urn and then one ball is taken at random from the
later. What is the probability that it is a white ball?
21. A bolt is manufactured by 3 machines A, B and C. A turn out twice as
many times as B and machine B and C produce equal number of items.
2% of bolts produced by A and B are defective and 4% of bolts are put into
1 stock file and one is chosen from this file. What is the probability that it
is defective?
For a certain binary communication channel, the probability that a
transmitted ‘0’ is 0.95 and the probability that a transmitted ‘1’ is received
22.
as ‘1’ is 0.90. If the probability that a ‘0’ is transmitted is 0.4, find the
probability that (i) a ‘1’ is received and (ii) a ‘1’ was transmitted given that
a ‘1’ was received.
23. If X is a normal variate with mean 30 and S.D. 5. Find (i) P( 26 ≤ X ≤ 40 );
(ii) P( X  45 ); (iii) P[ X-30 >2 ].
1 1
The probability of solving a given problem for A, B and C are 2 , 3 and
24.
1
4 respectively. What is the probability that (i) only one of them solves
the problem; (ii) the problem is solved.
The joint p.d.f. of the random variables (X,Y) is given by

{
2
f ( x, y)= Cxy , 0 ≤x≤ y ≤ 1 .
25. 0, otherwise Determine i) the value of C ;
ii) the conditional p,d.f. of X given Y=y ;
iii) E(XY).

26. Find the correlation coefficient for the following data:

X: 78 89 97 69 59 79 61 61
Y: 125 137 156 112 107 136 123 108
27. Two random variables X&Y have the joint p.d.f. f(x, y) = e -(x+y), x>0, y>0.
Prove that X & Y are uncorrelated.
Obtain the equations of the lines of regression for the following data:
28. X: 65 66 67 67 68 69 70 72
Y: 67 68 65 68 72 72 69 71
29. The two lines of regression are 8x - 10y + 66 = 0 ; 40x - 18y – 214 = 0.
The variance of X is 9. Find (i) the mean values of X and Y ; (ii)
correlation coefficient between X and Y; (iii) variance of Y.
30. The joint pdf of the random variable (X,Y) is given by
f ( x, y)= {8xy/9, 1 ≤x≤ y ≤2
0, otherwise
.
Find i) the marginal densities of X & Y;
ii) the conditional densities f(x/y) and f(y/x).

Find the coefficient of correlation between industrial production and export

using the following data:
Producti 55 56 58 59 60 60 62
31.
on (X)
Export 35 38 37 39 44 43 44
(Y)
32. If the joint density function of the random variables X & Y is
f ( x , y )=
{
(2 - x - y ); 0≤ x , y ≤1
0, otherwise ,
find the correlation coefficient between X and Y.

33. Two random variables X and Y have the joint p.d.f.

f ( x , y )=
{
k ( 4 - x - y); 0≤ x , y ≤2
0, otherwise
.
Find the Covariance of (X, Y).

The random variables (X,Y) has the following joint p.d.f.

{
( x+ y )
, 0≤x≤2 and 0≤ y≤2
f ( x , y )= 2
34. 0 , otherwise .
i. Obtain the marginal distribution of X.
ii. Find E(X) and E(X2).
iii. Compute covariance (X,Y).

35. The regression equations of X on Y and Yon X are respectively 5x-y=22

and 64x-45y=24. Find the means of X and Y.

36. Two random variables X & Y have the joint p.d.f.

f ( x , y )= { e−( x+y ) , x>0, y>0

0 , otherwise . Find the p.d.f. of U = X/Y .

The means of two large samples of 1000 and 2000 members are 67.5 inch
37.
and 68.0 inch respectively. Can the samples be regarded as drawn from
the same population of S.D. 2.5 inch?
38. The lapping process which is used to grind certain silicon wafers to the
proper thickness is acceptable only if  , the population S.D. of the
thickness of dice cut from the wafers, is atmost 0.5 mil. Use the 0.05 LOS
to test the null hypothesis  = 0.5 against the alternate hypothesis  > 0.5 ,
if the thickness of 15 dice cut from such wafers have S.D. of 0.64 mil.
39. Test whether there is any significant difference between the variances of
the populations from which the following table samples are given:
Sample I : 20 16 26 27 23 22 -
Sample II : 27 33 42 35 32 34 38
 A group of 10 rats fed on diet A and another group of 8 rats fed on diet B
recorded the following increase in weight (gms):
40.
Diet A: 5 6 8 1 12 4 3 9 6 10
Diet B: 2 3 6 8 10 1 2 8 - -
Does it show superiority of Diet A over Diet B?
41. A sample of 900 members has a mean 3.4 cm and standard deviation 2.61
cm. Is the sample from a large population of mean 3.25 cms and standard
deviation of 2.61 cms? (Test at 5% LOS. The value of Z at 5% level
is /Z/ = 1.96 ).

42. A machinist is making engine parts with axle diameters of 0.7 inch. A
random sample of 10 parts shows a mean diameter of 0.742 inch with a
S.D. of 0.04 inch. Compute the statistic you would use to test, whether the
work is meeting the specification.

A mathematics test was given to 50 girls and 75 boys. The girls made an
average grade of 76 with a S.D. of 6, while boys made an average grade of
43.
82 with a S.D. of 2. Test whether there is any significant difference
between the performance of boys and girls.

44. The following data are collected on two characters:

Characters Smokers Non-Smokers

Literates 83 57

Illiterates 45 68

Based on this, can you say that there is no relation between smoking and
literacy?

45. Time taken by workers in performing a job are given below:

Type I 21 17 27 28 24 23

Type 28 34 43 36 33 35
II

Test whether there is any significant difference between the variance of

time distribution.
46. The sales manager of a large company conducted a sample survey in two
places A and B taking 200 samples in each case. The results were the
following table:

Place A Place B

Average sales Rs.2,000 Rs.1,700

S.D. Rs.200 Rs.450

Test whether the average sales in the same in the two areas at 5% level.
47.
Two researches adopted different sampling techniques while investigating
the same group of students to find the number of students falling into
different intelligence level. The results are as follows:

Research Below Average Above Excellent Total

Average Average

X 86 60 44 10 200

Y 40 33 25 2 100

Total 126 93 69 12 300

Would you say that the sampling techniques adopted by the two
researchers are significantly different?
48. Test made on the breaking strength of 10 pieces of a metal gave the
following results :
578, 572, 570, 568, 572, 570, 570, 572, 596 and 584 kg.
Test if the mean breaking strength of the wire can be assumed as 577 kg?
49. Find the joint p.d.f. of bivariate normal distribution.

50. Find the axes of constant probability density contour for the random vector

X = (X1, X2)T whose Covariance matrix is .

Find the axes of constant probability density contour for the random vector

51.
4 1
X = (X1,X2)T whose covariance matrix is 1 4 .
( )

Prove that if a random vector X is distributed as Np ( µ ,  ) then show that

52. the linear combination of random vectors AX is also distributed as Nk ( Aµ

, AAT ).

53.
Find the mean matrix, covariance matrix, standard deviation matrix and
correlation coefficient matrix for two random variables X1 and X2 whose
joint mass function is given by

X1 / X2 0 1
-1 0.24 0.06
0 0.16 0.14
1 0.40 0.0
54. Calculate the population principal component of the random variables X 1,

( )
1 −2 0
−2 5 0
X2 , X3 whose covariance matrix is ∑ =
0 0 2 .
 PART – C (each question carry 15 marks)
55. In a city the daily consumption of electric power is million kilowatts hours
is a random variable with general Gamma distribution with parameter =
1
2 and k=3. If the power plant of this city has a daily capacity of 12
million kilowatts hours, what is the probability that this power supply will
be inadequate on any given day?
56. The joint probability density function of the two dimensional random

variable (X, Y) is
{
f ( x , y )= (2 - x - y ); 0≤ x , y ≤1
0, otherwise . Find the correlation
coefficient between X and Y.
57. Before an increase in excise duty on tea, 800 people out of a sample of
1000 were consumers of tea. After the increase in duty, 800 people were
consumers of tea in a sample of 1200 persons. Find whether there is a
significant decrease in the consumption of tea after the increase in duty.
58. Calculating the population principal components of random variables X 1 ,

( )
1 −2 0
−2 5 0
X2 , X3 have the covariance matrix
0 0 2 and also find
Var(Y1 ), Cov( Y1 , Y2) and total population variance.
59. Computing the correlation matrix from the Covariance matrix

( )
4 1 2
1 9 −3
2 −3 25 .
60. State and prove Fundamental theorem of homomorphism.

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