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    1. Partial Derivatives Algebraically 1st Order

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    1. Partial Derivatives Algebraically 1st Order

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    1. Partial Derivatives Algebraically 1st Order

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    Topic: Computing Partial Derivatives Algebraically

    First Order Partial Derivatives


    In other words, it
    means that,
    Students have to solve questions with complete methodology and
    solution steps.
    Example: Find the first order partial derivatives of

    𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒚𝟐
    Solution:

    Partially differentiate 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) w.r.t variable 𝒙, we have


    𝝏𝒇 𝝏
    𝒇𝒙 (𝒙, 𝒚) = = (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒚𝟐 ) Note: As we find partial
    𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒙
    derivative with respect to 𝒙,
    𝝏𝒇 𝝏 𝟐 𝝏 therefore 𝒚 will be considered
    𝒇𝒙 (𝒙, 𝒚) = = (𝒙 ) + (𝟓𝒚𝟐 )
    𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒙 as constant.

    𝝏𝒇
    𝒇𝒙 (𝒙, 𝒚) = = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟎 = 𝟐𝒙
    𝝏𝒙
    𝝏𝒇
    𝒇𝒙 (𝒙, 𝒚) = = 𝟐𝒙
    𝝏𝒙
    Similarly, partially differentiate 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) w.r.t variable 𝒚, we have
    𝝏𝒇 𝝏 𝟐
    𝒇𝒚 (𝒙, 𝒚) = = (𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚𝟐 ) Note: As we find partial
    𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒚
    derivative with respect to
    𝝏𝒇 𝝏 𝟐 𝝏 𝒚, therefore 𝒙 will be
    𝒇𝒚 (𝒙, 𝒚) = = (𝒙 ) + (𝟓𝒚𝟐 )
    𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒚 considered as constant.

    𝝏𝒇 𝝏 𝟐
    𝒇𝒚 (𝒙, 𝒚) = = 𝟎+𝟓 (𝒚 ) = 𝟓(𝟐𝒚) = 𝟏𝟎𝒚
    𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒚

    𝝏𝒇
    𝒇𝒚 (𝒙, 𝒚) = = 𝟏𝟎𝒚
    𝝏𝒚
    ❖ Examples

    Practice Question for Students:


    Some Rules of Partial Derivatives:
    ❖ If 𝒖 = [𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)]𝒏 then, the partial derivative of 𝒖
    with respect to 𝒙 and 𝒚 are respectively defined as
    𝒏−𝟏
    𝝏𝒇
    𝒖𝒙 = 𝒏 {𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)}
    𝝏𝒙
    𝝏𝒇
    𝒖𝒚 = 𝒏 {𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)}𝒏−𝟏
    𝝏𝒚
    ❖ If 𝒖 = 𝐥𝐧(𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)) then, the partial derivative of 𝒖
    with respect to 𝒙 and 𝒚 are respectively defined as
    𝟏 𝝏𝒇
    𝒖𝒙 =
    𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) 𝝏𝒙
    𝟏 𝝏𝒇
    𝒖𝒚 =
    𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) 𝝏𝒚
    ❖ If 𝒖 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)) then, the partial derivative of 𝒖
    with respect to 𝒙 and 𝒚 defined as
    𝝏𝒇
    𝒖𝒙 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚))
    𝝏𝒙
    𝝏𝒇
    𝒖𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚))
    𝝏𝒚
    ❖ If 𝒖 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)) then, the partial derivative of 𝒖
    with respect to 𝒙 and 𝒚 defined as
    𝝏𝒇
    𝒖𝒙 = −𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚))
    𝝏𝒙
    𝝏𝒇
    𝒖𝒚 = −𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚))
    𝝏𝒚
    Note: In case of three variables, we will take the partial
    derivative according to one variable and hold the other
    two variables constant.

    Note: If it is mentioned to compute partial derivatives for


    any two variable function or a three variables function,
    we will compute all the partial derivatives.
    Solved Questions:
    ❖ Find the first order partial derivatives of each of the
    following functions:

    I. 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒆−𝟓𝒚


    (Note: Two terms but each has only one variable)
    Solution:
    Partially differentiate 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) w.r.t variable 𝒙, we have
    𝝏𝒇 𝜕
    𝒇𝒙 (𝒙, 𝒚) = = (3𝑥 + 𝑒 −5𝑦 )
    𝝏𝒙 𝜕𝑥

    𝝏𝒇 𝜕 𝜕
    𝒇𝒙 (𝒙, 𝒚) = = (3𝑥 ) + (𝑒 −5𝑦 )
    𝝏𝒙 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥

    𝝏𝒇
    𝒇𝒙 (𝒙, 𝒚) = =𝟑+𝟎=𝟑
    𝝏𝒙
    𝝏𝒇
    𝒇𝒙 (𝒙, 𝒚) = =𝟑
    𝝏𝒙
    Similarly, partially differentiate 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) w.r.t variable 𝒚, we have
    𝜕𝑓 𝜕
    𝒇𝒚 (𝒙, 𝒚) = = (3𝑥 + 𝑒 −5𝑦 )
    𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
    𝜕𝑓 𝜕 𝜕 −5𝑦
    𝒇𝒚 (𝒙, 𝒚) = = (3𝑥) + (𝑒 )
    𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
    𝜕𝑓
    𝒇𝒚 (𝒙, 𝒚) = = 𝟎 + 𝒆−𝟓𝒚 (−𝟓)
    𝜕𝑦
    𝝏𝒇
    𝒇𝒚 (𝒙, 𝒚) = = −𝟓𝒆−𝟓𝒚
    𝝏𝒚
    II. 𝒇(𝒖, 𝒗) = 𝒖𝟐 𝒆𝟐𝒗
    Solution:
    Partially differentiate 𝒇(𝒖, 𝒗) w.r.t variable 𝒖, we have
    𝜕𝑓 𝜕
    𝒇𝒖 (𝒖, 𝒗) = = (𝑢2 𝑒 2𝑣 )
    𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
    𝜕
    𝒇𝒖 (𝒖, 𝒗) = 𝑒 2𝑣 (𝑢 2 )
    𝜕𝑢
    𝒇𝒖 (𝒖, 𝒗) = 𝑒 2 𝑣 (2𝑢)

    𝒇𝒖 (𝒖, 𝒗) = 𝟐𝒖𝒆𝟐𝒗
    Similarly, Partially differentiate 𝒇(𝒖, 𝒗) w.r.t variable 𝒗, we have
    𝜕𝑓 𝜕 2 2𝑣
    𝒇𝒗 (𝒖, 𝒗) = = (𝑢 𝑒 )
    𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣
    𝜕 2𝑣
    𝒇𝒗 (𝒖, 𝒗) = 𝑢2 (𝑒 )
    𝜕𝑣
    𝒇𝒗 (𝒖, 𝒗) = 𝑢2 (2𝑒 2𝑣 )

    𝒇𝒗 (𝒖, 𝒗) = 𝟐𝒖𝟐 𝒆𝟐𝒗


    III. 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝒙𝒚)
    Solution:

    𝒇𝒙 : 𝒇𝒚 :
    IV. 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟐𝒙𝒚)
    Solution:

    𝒇𝒙 : 𝒇𝒚 :
    V. 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟓𝒚)
    Solution:

    𝒇𝒙 : 𝒇𝒚 :

    COMPUTING THE PARTIAL DERIVATIVES AT A


    GIVEN SET OF VALUES.
    ❖ Find 𝒇𝒙 (𝟑, 𝟐) and 𝒇𝒚 (𝟑, 𝟐) for 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒚𝟐 .

    Solution: 𝒇𝒙 (𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝟐𝒙 𝒇𝒚 (𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝟏𝟎𝒚

    𝒇𝒙 (𝟑, 𝟐) = 𝟐(𝟑) = 𝟔 𝒇𝒚 (𝟑, 𝟐) = 𝟏𝟎(𝟐) = 𝟐𝟎


    WORD PROBLEMS INVOLVING PARTIAL
    DERIVATIVES AND THEIR
    INTERPRETATION
    Question: Let’s consider a small printing business where 𝑵 is the
    number of workers; 𝒗 is the value of raw material (in thousand
    dollars) and 𝑷 is the production, measured in thousands of pages
    per day.

    𝑷 = 𝒇(𝑵, 𝒗) = 𝟐𝑵𝟎.𝟔 𝒗𝟎.𝟒


    a) If this company has a labor force of 𝟏𝟎𝟎 workers and 𝟐𝟎𝟎
    units worth of equipments. What is the production of
    company?
    b) Find 𝒇𝑵 (𝟏𝟎𝟎, 𝟐𝟎𝟎) and 𝒇𝒗 (𝟏𝟎𝟎, 𝟐𝟎𝟎). Interpret your
    answers in terms of production.
    Solution:
    a) Given that
    Number of workers = 𝑁 = 100,
    Value of raw material = 𝑣 = 200
    Then production of company is computed as

    𝑷 = 𝒇(𝟏𝟎𝟎, 𝟐𝟎𝟎) = 𝟐(𝟏𝟎𝟎)𝟎.𝟔 (𝟐𝟎𝟎)𝟎.𝟒

    𝑷 = 𝟐𝟔𝟑𝟗

    Interpretation: The company produces 𝟐𝟔𝟑𝟗 thousand pages per


    day are produced when 𝟏𝟎𝟎 workers are working with raw material
    worth $𝟐𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎.
    b) To find 𝒇𝑵 (𝟏𝟎𝟎, 𝟐𝟎𝟎), we treat 𝒗 as a constant,
    𝜕𝑓 𝜕
    = (2𝑁 0.6 𝑣 0.4 )
    𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑁
    𝜕𝑓 𝜕
    = 2𝑣 0.4 (𝑁 0.6 ) = 2𝑣 0.4 (0.6)𝑁 0.6−1 (1)
    𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑁
    𝝏𝒇
    = 𝟏. 𝟐𝒗𝟎.𝟒 𝑵−𝟎.𝟒
    𝝏𝑵
    𝜕𝑓
    At point (𝟏𝟎𝟎, 𝟐𝟎𝟎), we get (100,200) = 1.2(200)0.6 100−0.4
    𝜕𝑁

    𝝏𝒇
    (𝟏𝟎𝟎, 𝟐𝟎𝟎) = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟖𝟑
    𝝏𝑵
    Interpretation:
    Production increases at a rate of approximately 1.6 if the number of
    workers is increased by 1 more than the current workforce of 100
    workers working constantly using raw material worth $200000.
    This tells us if we have $200,000 worth raw material and increase
    the no of worker by 1 from 100 to 101 the productions output will
    go up by 1.58 units or 1580 units by per pages.
    Now, to find 𝒇𝒗 (𝟏𝟎𝟎, 𝟐𝟎𝟎), we treat 𝑵 as constant and partially
    differentiate 𝒇 with respect to 𝒗.
    𝜕𝑓 𝜕
    = (2𝑁 0.6 𝑣 0.4 )
    𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣
    𝜕𝑓
    = 2𝑁 0.6 (0.4)𝑣 0.4−1 (1)
    𝜕𝑣
    𝜕𝑓
    = 0.8𝑁 0.6 𝑣 −0.6
    𝜕𝑣
    At point (100,200), we get
    𝜕𝑓
    (100,200) = 0.8 (100)0.6 (200)−0.6
    𝜕𝑉
    𝝏𝒇
    (𝟏𝟎𝟎, 𝟐𝟎𝟎) = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟑 𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒔𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒑𝒂𝒈𝒆𝒔 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒑𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕
    𝝏𝑽
    Interpretation: This tells us that if we have 𝟏𝟎𝟎 workers and
    increase the value of raw materials by 𝟏 unit from $𝟐𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 to
    $𝟐𝟎𝟏, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 the production goes up by about 𝟎. 𝟓𝟑 units or 𝟓𝟑𝟎 pages
    per day.
    Practice Questions for Students:
    Calculate the 1st order partial derivative of the
    following:
    1) 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
    2) 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = (𝑥 2 − 1)(𝑦 + 2)
    3) 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = (𝑥𝑦 − 1)2
    4) 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
    𝟏
    5) 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝒙+𝒚

    6) 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝒆𝒙+𝒚+𝟏
    7) 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝒆−𝒙 sin(𝑥 + 𝑦)
    8) 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = ln(𝑥 + 𝑦)
    9) 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝒆𝒙𝒚 ln(𝑦)
    𝒙
    10) 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐

    11) 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 5𝑥𝑦 − 7𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 2


    𝑦
    12)𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = tan−1 (𝑥 )

    13) ℎ(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑦 + 1
    14) 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + cos (𝑦) + 𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥)
    15) 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 1 + 𝑥𝑦 2 − 2𝑧 2
    16) 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥
    17) 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥 − √𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2
    −𝟏
    2 2
    18) 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 2) 𝟐
    19) 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = ln(𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧)
    2 +𝑦 2 +𝑧 2 )
    20) 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑒 −(𝑥
    21) 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑒 −𝑥𝑦𝑧
    22) 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑦 𝑧 ln(𝑥𝑦)

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