The content used in this pdf was taken from the mind action series

book,The Department of Basic Education and the Mochwanaesi

Foundation Grade 12 advisors
 functions where n > o

Number
·

Patterns
-
L where n ispositive

Folinear first difference is a constant

a

....
Forsant
↓

Arithmetic
Sequence
.

a and d

Tn = a + (n -

Dd
· first term as a
our difference as I

first
9q
 2 a
T =
=
=
a
-

Da + d
d
2 + 2 4
=
Tz = =

>
-
6
Tz 2 + 2
=
=
= + 2

Tod
T2d =>

. alwaysine

Cn1dGoal is
to

#
4
a +
 (n-1)
in
+

Th x0123

Y -
I 4; 9; 14
-V

sta
v

555-change
from one
value to anothe
a =
4 (first term) (gradient)
(first constant difference)
-

d = 5

Y = mx + C

in
s x
=,
16
-

Shortcut
Th =

Th = 5n -
1
~
-P
z

Tso = 5(50) -

= 250 -

T50 = 249
-

t
irst
term-p
a =
1
=
-
d = -
3

Tn =
a + (n -

1)d
in = 1 + (n - 1)( - 3)

1j 2 -

5 T3x 1 + (36 -

1)( 3)
;
-

vv
To04 =

-3 a
 O
summarystic pattern/sequence
, is the one that is line e

inst
differenceimportant
· it has a constant
feature
·
look out for exercises !

Please feel free to ask

questions
·
.
 (which is kinda exponential !! )

-
O
-

Fraction !! 48.
vVv
&
: 124
① first difference is not

a constant !

② second difference is

also not a constant !

-
Pro-tip It
· about a

geometric sequence.
-

growth/decline is
usually not linear

here !
·

key goal
find for the General formulao
ninand
r

Y
the
iji ;
4
;
8 ; 16

↑ ·
T = (first term a = 1

T
>
=
x Tz = 1 . 2 = 2

Ex * =

4
 I-
T3 =
axrxr = ar(3 1)
-
-

Tz = 1X2x2 =
4
-

(4 1 Ty 8
-

1x2x2xz
axrxvxv
= =
=

find
=
Br
a

ar V =

r-called the ratio of2 successive ②

terms

b/f
3

S 1
3;
6 numbers.

=
3 first term . r = 2
,
2

3 =
&? 8/4
r 2
r
=
=
= 2 =

Tn
= 2
=

=
arn-
3(2)
n -

1 2x o
b
>
-

Examples
-Th
M
= arn-

a = 2
-

3 3)
r =

= n = 8

2 (3)n
Tn
1
-

-
=

2(3)8 1
-

To =

= 2(3)4
= 374p
 I
toys
(3)n 1
-

Tn = 2

in = 1458- a = b
= -

-
Wa
are numbers.

= x =
log
a
·
b

log729
x
(n 1)
loga
-
= =

- C and a are
veryclose

(n
to each other

On
last term

-
comevor
y
& &attempt these I !!
 attempt this again
~
*

I
-
-

u = x+ 2

&
=

!
r
G

=>

b) = a+b2
+
p
(3x+ 1)(bx+1)
G(x1)(x +
+ 2) =

#) + - 2 =++ 1

3 =
V
-

20
=
>

a 2 -
-

F
v =
7(3) + t 2x2 -
xx +3
= 0
 3)
+ 2 = 2 x
=
( 3)(2x 1) = 0
-
-

12 = 3 or x =
12
I
Quick
summery!
-

and check
go
this one

Arithmetic Series
 Liested in examsey final exam ?

E
T = a

Tz = a +d

Tz = a + d +d

Tn = a + (n -
1)d

Su
E
The

·
Ts in
-
Tzat +
....
&

↓ ↓ Za

= *
useful it

Youeterm.
↑
a
 I
I
but in =
extra Same !I
Sn =
12a + (n -

1)d + a)
2

#[2
&

(n- +

I I↑ mostly used
first first
term constant one) common
sum of terms difference.
& up ton' term .

/
-
(n-11)
Tra +

term) if given
 !
us
Do some
problems

-
· -

W
-
i
14
s

8 5 Tn a + (n 11d
①C 2x =
x
;
-

j
-
-

x -
(x - 8) = 2x -
5 -
x
P P
8 = x -
5

13 = x
-

13 8 =
5
T
-

T2 = 13
Tz = 2(1) -
5 = 26 -

5 =
2)

5 13 ; 2
;
vV

#
8 S

8 = d
a = 5
>
-

T15914
 =
: Es8
-x =
23
x = 3
-

2"
9
power of
=
I cannot be written as a

&
~ something
I can't write
meaning
a a
as
↑
creates
problem
a

a
log function helps to solve problems like this where

a number cannot be written as 24/3" -

Or where
you

just can't write a number in exponential form

eg
2 =o use
logs
2x = 2104
x = 10

=>

BeCarefull Not osa

logb T
logy log &

↓
log , I
Vlog
 2 =9
#

3 17
10g9
x = = .

↓ us

22 = 23
3)

3 3
y
=
=
ay

·
Domain ; Er

Range :
YD0

y = a is it possible for
3

to be negative ?
Y
will be
y
never
negative.

N
-

be
gat where -

beo
it the will be an error .
3 . Tn = apn-
a
=3a
v =

/v =
1 =

2
3(2"-1)
In =

25
%
4 . To = 3 . 2 = 3 .
= 3 .
32 =
96
>
-

5 . Th =
384

3) 3
= 7
a
29
.

2n 1
128 v
=
-

(n 1)
log125
-

(n -
1) =
7
-
1 3(n
-

n = S =

((4)(
-

- P

6 . Tn =
1536 8 .
Tio =
(49)(3)10
43743
=
-

3(2n 1)
-

= 1536
- -

3 > 9 . Tn =
-

486

2n
=
-
1
= S12

(n 1) =
log 512
-

(3(n = -
2187
(n 1) = 9
3))b)
-

(3(n+ =
(
n
-
= 10
(1)0- -

There loterms n

F
1
. are
-

1 =
2187
-
-

n = S

=
((x3)) = (
-
3))
 10 .

Tn = 1062 882

(2(g)( =

3)n+ = 1062882

= 2969

(3
=
(1)odd = -1

even

(- 1 =
1
I

n
3

(((n - 1 = ((3)/4

-
·
type in your
number
nISg
a
· press you
on

·
look for "Comma's button and on ↑
top it should
say
CT fact
·

press that button 9

9 = 32
32 = 25
11 in
.
= arn-

2
a =

r = 94 = 244 =
11
a

-
in
(2)(113) "
=

i =

(3) ( 1(3)" =

11b -

12 .

=
Tr
2

(f) ((g)k
+
=

1972
Blogs
(13)k sta
1
=

6561 = 30

((k+ = number
any
(p)

( =
(j) (g)8 =

k -

1 = S

n
=9a
 Tn = 1
2913

(* )( (s)" =

2916
1

((z) = +
19683

Inlog(it)
n+ =
9
n = 10
-

11 ~ last term that

fin -
being
- is added
-

② How terms
being added ! If sn = 25 125
many
are

12-1) [10
5
=

-
a
d = 5
1)
-P + 52 -

1)d]
Sn
1[2n + (n -

=
=(213) +
# let
-

that Sn 25125
say
us =
=

now
many terms are added ?

1 [10 + 5(n 1)] 25/25x2

↓
-

=
2X
2
0
n(10 + 5n -

5) 30250
=

/On + 5n2-Sn = 30250

5n2 5n
So5
+ =

55
n2 +n = 100 so

n2 + n -10050 = 0

n
-
=
100 or
n2
n >0 nEN
,
 11
18

#1700
8 + 13 + ..... 1700
-

8
d = 13 -
8 =
5
a =

Sn
1 [2 (n 1)d]
= + -

8 13 ; 18 --
;
-

se
V

3400 5n(n 1)
=
= 16n + -

3400 = + sure a = 5
2
5n + 11n = 3400 =
0 b = 11

So
C = 3400

13
-

n 25 or n
-
=

: There are 25 terms ,

O what was the last term & OR .

Sn
4
= - 2a + a = S
2

d
2(8
1700 =
+
=
3

in = a + (n -

1)d
L =
128 Tn = 8 + (n -

115
-

Tas = 8 + (25 1)5 -

=
128
-

(4) + ( -

1) + 2 Sn =

122 + (n -

1)d]
a
4 4
=
=
1 + 2
-
- -

Sn =
1 (2( 4) -

+ (n
-

1)(3)]
d = -1 -
( -

4) 2

a 24
2-8
1)
+ 3(n
= -

S
 ·
Sn > 300

2xE [3(n 1) 837300x2

- -

n(3n -
3 -
85 > 600
b
11))600
--

n(sn
-

x
-

=
=

32 -11n-6000

3n2-1In-600 = 0

Etiyx
tre,
n = 10 093
.
n

- n is Nature
num

n = 17
-

MN L
= 340

Sir =
387
Sq
I
- = - - - - -