Overview of NoSQL Syntax and Query Mechanisms
NoSQL databases use diverse query mechanisms tailored to their specific data models. Below is an
overview:
1. **Key-Value Stores**
- Data is retrieved based on keys.
- Examples: Redis, Amazon DynamoDB
- Typical Operations:
- `GET` and `SET` for retrieving and storing values.
- Increment/Decrement counters.
- Expiring keys automatically.
- Example in Redis:
SET user:1001 "John Doe"
GET user:1001
2. **Document Stores**
- Queries are based on fields and nested structures within JSON-like documents.
- Examples: MongoDB, CouchDB
- Typical Operations:
- Querying with field conditions.
- Aggregations and projections.
- Example in MongoDB:
db.users.find({ age: { $gt: 25 } })
db.users.updateOne({ name: "John" }, { $set: { age: 30 } })
3. **Column-Family Stores**
- Query by keys and columns using a lightweight query language.
- Examples: Apache Cassandra, HBase
- Typical Operations:
- CRUD operations on rows/columns.
- Range queries.
- Example in Cassandra Query Language (CQL):
SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = '1001';
INSERT INTO users (id, name, age) VALUES ('1001', 'John Doe', 30);
4. **Graph Databases**
- Use graph query languages for traversing and analyzing relationships between nodes.
- Examples: Neo4j, ArangoDB
- Typical Operations:
- Querying relationships (e.g., shortest path, neighbors).
- Pattern matching.
- Example in Cypher (Neo4j):
MATCH (n:Person {name: "John"})-[:FRIEND]->(friend)
RETURN friend.name;
5. **Search-Based NoSQL**
- Full-text search queries.
- Examples: Elasticsearch, Solr
- Typical Operations:
- Text-based search queries.
- Aggregations and analytics.
- Example in Elasticsearch (DSL):
{
"query": {
"match": { "title": "NoSQL basics" }
