3 Measurement

WORKED EXAMPLE 10

Calculate the volume of a cylinder of radius 4cm and length 12cm.

Give your answer in terms of x.

Answer

volume of cylinder = πr²/ = π×4² × 12 = 192 cm³

Exercise 3.5

1 Calculate the volume of each of the following rectangular prisms.

a cube of side 8.5cm

b cuboid measuring 6cm by 7cm by 8 cm

C cuboidal box with sides 0.7cm, 0.8cm and 0,9 cm

2 A cubical milk container has a capacity of 1 litre. Find the height of the container if the
base is a rectangle measuring 6cm by 9cm.

3 A classroom measures 2.5 metres high by 6 metres wide by 8 metres long.

a Calculate the volume of the classroom.

b Give your answer to part a as a capacity in litres.

C Estimate the volume of carbon dioxide in the classroom if carbon dioxide makes up
0.041% of the earth's atmosphere. Give your answer in cm³ to two significant figures.

4 Calculate the volume of a triangular prism of length 11 mm whose cross- section has
sides of length 5mm, 12mm and 13mm. Give your answer in cubic centimetres (cm³).

5 The cross-section of a 40 cm-long prism is a parallelogram of base 15cm and

perpendicular height 8.5cm. Calculate its volume and give its capacity in litres.

6 A prism has a length of 25 cm. Its cross-section is a trapezium whose parallel sides are
14cm and 18 cm in length. Find the volume of the prism and state its capacity in litres if the
parallel sides are 10cm apart.

7 Find the length of a cylinder that has a volume of 500 cm³ and a radius of 5cm.

8 Find the radius of a cylinder that has a volume of 63cm³ and a height of 5.2cm.

9 The cross-section of a prism is a triangle with a base of 6cm. The prism is 15cm long and
it has a volume of 189cm³. Find the height of the triangular cross-section.

10 A solid metal cylinder of radius 5cm and length 10cm is melted down and recast into a
cube with no wastage of material. Find the lengths of the sides of the cube.

CAMBRIDGE O LEVEL MATHEMATICS: COURSEBOOK

11 A solid cylinder with a length of 24 cm is placed on a flat surface and rolled so that it
makes two complete turns

Given that the cylinder travels a distance of exactly 1 metre, find its volume.

12 An empty box has a capacity of 3.2 litres. Find the height of the box, given that the base
of the box is a square with a diagonal length of 20cm.

13 A solid cube of metal is drawn out to form a 13.5 km-long cylindrical length of wire.

Given that the cube has sides of length 15cm, find the diameter of the wire, giving your
answer in millimetres.

14 An upright cylindrical tin contains oil. When 2 litres of oil is poured out of the tin, the oil
level drops by 6cm. Calculate the circumference of the tin. 15 A hollow cylindrical pipe of
length 100 cm has an external diameter of 11 cm and

an internal diameter of 10 cm. Calculate the volume of material used to make the

pipe. Give your answer in terms of

16 A cylindrical pipe has an internal diameter of 4.8 cm. Water flows through the pipe at a
speed of 15cm per second.

a Find, in litres, the quantity of water that flows through the pipe in 10 seconds.
b Calculate the length of time that it takes for water from the pipe to fill a rectangular water
tank whose dimensions are 3m by 2m by 1 m. Give your answer in hours correct to 2
decimal places.

17 The object shown is a prism. The measurements on the diagram are all in centimetres.

30

18

15

a Explain how you know that the prism's cross-section is a trapezium.

b Calculate the volume of the prism. Give your answer in standard form cubic metres (m³).

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3 Measurement

18 The diagram shows a child's wooden toy that consists of a cylinder of diameter 5cm and
length 20cm passing through a cuboid whose dimensions are 12cm by 8 cm by 8cm.

12
20

a Find the volurne of the wooden toy.

b Calculate the mass of the toy if the wood that it is made from has a density of 0.6g/cm³.
(Hint: density equals mass divided by volume)

REFLECTION

Prisms are named according to the shape of their cross-section. Make a list of the names
of at least five types of prism. Arrange your list in order, starting with the one whose volume
you have found easiest to work out.

SUMMARY

Are you able to ...?

identify prisms and understand their special properties

calculate the volumes of prisms using their cross-section areas and lengths

235 > 3 Measurement

WORKED EXAMPLE 12

Calculate, correct to 3 significant figures, the base radius of a cone that has a
perpendicular height of 14cm and a volume of 635 cm³.

Answer volume = trh = 635 πr²x 14-635 14 π r-43.312... -6.58 cm

WORKED EXAMPLE 13

Calculate the volume of a hemisphere of diameter 18 cm. Give the answer in terms of and
also correct to 4 significant figures.

Answer volume = πr² = par - 486 or 1527 cm³

Exercise 3.6

1 Calculate the volume of the following three-dimensional objects. Give non-exact

answers correct to 3 significant figures.

a cone with a base radius of 5cm and a perpendicular height of 12.5cm bsphere with a
radius of 2.6cm

C sphere with diameter of 1.8cm

d cone with a base diameter of 8.8 cm and a perpendicular height of 13cm

e pyramid with a square base of 9 cm and a perpendicular height of 15cm

f cone with a base circumference of 30cm and a perpendicular height of 11 cm

g hemisphere with a radius of 4.8 m

h pyramid with a rectangular base 8.5cm by 11.5cm and a perpendicular height of 16.8cm

pyramid with a rectangular base 84 cm by 1.05 m and a perpendicular height of 1.6 m

J pyramid with an equilateral triangular base of side 2 cm and a perpendicular height of 3

cm.

239 > CAMBRIDGE O LEVEL MATHEMATICS: COURSEBOOK

2 A solid object consists of a rectangular-based pyramid sitting on top of a cubical base

with no overlap. The cuboid measures 21 cm by 18cm by 8cm, and the perpendicular
height of the whole object is 35cm.

35

21

18
a Calculate the total volume of the object.

b Express, as a ratio in simplest form, the volume of the cubical base to the volume of the
pyramid.

3 A hemisphere of diameter 16cm sits on top of an inverted cone to form the object shown.

The total height of the object is 23 cm.

23 cm

16 cm

Calculate the object's total volume correct to the nearest whole number of cubic
centimetres.

4 Calculate the perpendicular height of a cone that has a base radius 5cm and a volume of
615cm³.

5 Find the radius of a spherical ball bearing that has a volume of 7.24cm.

6 A solid steel cube of side 8 cm is melted down and recast into six identical spheres. Find
the radius of each of the six spheres.

7 Find the number of cubes of side 2cm that can be cut from a cube with sides of length 24
cm.

3 Measurement
8 The diagram shows a cuboid with a base measuring 24 cm by 28 cm.

The point M is the mid-point of AB.

A triangular-based pyramid is removed from the cuboid by cutting directly from M to the
diagonal of the base.

28

24

a Find the height of the cuboid, given that the volume of the pyramid is 1092 cm³.

b What fraction of the cuboid has been removed?

9 A right cone has a radius of 15 cm and a height of 40 cm. The cone is filled with lemonade
to a depth of 25 cm.

15
25

40

a Show that the radius of the top surface of the lemonade is 9.375 cm.

b Calculate the capacity of the empty part of the cone. Give your answer in litres correct to
3 significant figures.

10 A spherical metal ball bearing is placed into an inverted right cone of radius 4 cm and
height 20cm.

The cone is filled to the top with water.

The ball bearing is then removed.

The water level in the cone drops by 5mm.

a Find the radius of the top of the cone of water after the ball bearing is removed.

b Calculate the diameter of the ball bearing.

CAMBRIDGE O LEVEL MATHEMATICS: COURSEBOOK

11 A child has a hemispherical bowl of radius 5cm full of milk.

They pour all of the milk into a tall cylindrical container of base diameter 6cm.

Find the height of the milk in the cylindrical container.

Three spherical marbles, each of diameter 2 cm, are dropped into the container.

12 A cylindrical container of radius 4 cm contains water to a depth of 10cm.

Calculate the rise in the level of the water.

13 A partly inflated spherical balloon has a radius of 3cm.

An adult then inflates the balloon so that it has a radius of 6 cm.

The ratio of lengths for the balloon before and after the adult inflates it is 1:2.

By calculating volumes, or otherwise, find the ratio of volumes for the balloon before and
after the adult inflates it.

DISCUSSION ACTIVITY 3.3

1 Six open containers, A to F, are to be filled with liquid that issues from a tap at a constant
rate.

A
B

AND

Six graphs, 1 to 6, are given. Each graph shows how the height of the liquid in one of the
containers increases as the volume of liquid in the container increases.

height of liquid

volume of liquid

height of liquid

volume of liquid

height of liquid
5

volume of liquid

volume of liquid

volume of liquid

volume of liquid

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Exercise 3.7

In questions where a diagram is not provided, you are advised to make your own sketch.

1 Find the total surface area of:

a a cube of side 5cm

b a cuboid that measures 1 cm by 2cm by 3cm

C a cuboid that measures 10 cm by 15cm by 20 cm.

2 A cube has a volume of 405.224 cm³. Calculate the total area of the cube's six faces.

3. A cube has a total surface area of 486cm³. Find the volume of the cube.

4 A solid cylinder has radius 4cm and length 15cm. Find in terms of x

a the total area of the two circular ends

b the area of the cylinder's curved surface

C the total surface area of the cylinder in terms of

5 Find, in terms of a, the surface area of a sphere that has diameter 8cm.

6 Find the radius of a sphere that has a surface area of 100 cm³.

7 The cross-section of a triangular prism is a right-angled triangle with sides of lengths 8

cm, 15 cm and 17cm. The length of the prism is 20 cm.

a Find the area of the prism's cross-section.

b Calculate the total area of the prism's five faces.

8 A right pyramid has a square base of side 12cm and a perpendicular height of 8cm.
Calculate the total surface area of the pyramid's four triangular faces.

9 A solid wooden cone has a diameter of 18cm and a height of 18cm. Find:

a the slant height of the cone

b the area of the cone's curved surface

C the total area of the cone's two surfaces.

10 Find, in terms of a, the curved surface area of a cone that has radius 3cm and height
4cm.

11 A solid cylinder has a length of 15cm and a volume of 540cm³, Find:

a the radius of the cylinder

b the area of the cylinder's curved surface in terms of

C the total area of the cylinder's three surfaces in terms of r.

12 A tin of paint covers an area of 50m² and costs $15. Calculate the cost of painting the
curved surface of a hemispherical dome of radius 14 metres.

248 >
3 Measurement

13 The solid object shown is made from a solid cylinder of diameter 16cm fixed to a solid
cone of the same diameter. The height of the whole object is 22 cm and the height of the
cylinder is 8 cm.

8 cm

22 cm

16 cm

a Calculate, correct to I decimal place, the total area of the object's two curved surfaces.

b Find, to the nearest whole number, the total surface area of the object.

C Calculate the cost of silver-plating the whole object at a cost of $0.75 per square
centimetre.

d The cone is made from material with a density of 1.6g/cm³, and the cylindrical base is
made from material with a density of 1.8 g/cm³. Find, in kilograms correct to 3 significant
figures, the mass of the object.

14 The exterior surface of an inverted cone of radius 21 cm and perpendicular height 72 cm

is painted to a height of 48 cm.

21 cm
48 cm

72 cm

a Show that the slant height of the painted surface of the cone is exactly 50 cm.

b Calculate the area of the exterior surface of the cone that is unpainted.

15 A circle of radius 40 cm is cut from a large sheet of paper. The circle is then cut into four
equal-sized sectors. Each sector is then made into a hollow cone by joining the straight
edges together.

a Show that each cone has a radius of 10cm.

b Find, in terms of t, the curved surface area of each cone.

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16 The sector shown can be made into a right cone of base radius 5cm.

18 cm

a The perpendicular height of the cone is p cm. Find the value of p.

b Find, in terms of it, the arc length of the sector.

Calculate the size of the sector angle 8.

d Find, in terms of n, the curved surface area of the cone.

Calculate, correct to 1 decimal place, the volume of the cone.

17 A right cone, Q, has a curved surface area of 100 cm³. State the curved surface area of a
similar right cone that has twice the radius and twice the perpendicular height of Q.

18 The diagram shows an open container filled to a height of 10cm with liquid polish.

The top section of the container is a frustum of height 3cm, which is attached to a cylinder
whose hollow base is a hemisphere of diameter 8cm.

The diameter of the open top of the frustum is 2cm and the total height of the container is
20 cm.

2 cm

3 cm

20 cm

10 cm

8 cm
a Show that the small cone that has been removed to make the frustum has a height of 1
cm.

b Calculate the capacity of the open container, giving your answer in millilitres in terms of
π.

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3 Measurement

C Briefly explain, without doing any calculations, how you know that the container is less
than half filled with liquid polish.

d Find the percentage of the space inside the container that is filled with liquid polish.

e The thin metal that makes up the container costs $4.65 per square metre. Calculate the
total cost of the thin metal required to make 144 identical containers.

INVESTIGATION 3.4

1 Work on this investigation with a partner. A farmer wants to buy a steel trough for
watering her animals.

There are four styles of trough to choose from: A, B, C and D.

Each style has a different cross-section.

90 cm

90 cm

90 cm

90 cm

45 cm

45 cm

The cross-sections of the troughs are: a right-angled isosceles triangle, a semi-circle, an

isosceles trapezium and a rectangle.

All the troughs are 90 cm wide, 45 cm deep and 2 metres long. They are constructed from
the same thickness of steel.

The economy rating of a trough is a measure of 'capacity per unit area of steel used'.
a Find the economy rating of each style of trough.

b Rank them in order, starting with the most economical.

DISCUSSION ACTIVITY 3.4

1 We have already looked at how the measurements on sectors and right cones are
connected.

We know that Pythagoras' theorem can be used to find lengths of the parts of a right cone.

We also know that the surface of a cone is a sector of radius / and arc length 2π.

251 >