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Cambridge IGCSE™
Published
This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.
Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.
Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.
Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2023 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and some
Cambridge O Level components.
These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers.
They should be applied alongside the specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors
for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking principles.
the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.
Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).
marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit
is given for valid answers which go beyond the scope of the syllabus and mark scheme,
referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
marks are not deducted for errors
marks are not deducted for omissions
answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these
features are specifically assessed by the question as indicated by the mark scheme. The
meaning, however, should be unambiguous.
Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed
instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors.
Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question
(however, the use of the full mark range may be limited according to the quality of the candidate
responses seen).
Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should
not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade descriptors in mind.
1(b)(i) Using your own words, explain what the text means by: 2
‘reputation as an expert’ (line 3):
1(b)(ii) Using your own words, explain what the text means by: 2
‘different perspective’ (line 4):
(help them to) make a significant change / (personal) change in their life
(encourage them to) concentrate on opportunities / not focus on
problems
Using your own words, explain why this expert does not consider that
the speakers they have met are motivational.
Answers which are entirely in the words of the text should not be credited.
1(f) According to Text B, what were the writer’s reasons for giving up 15
motivational speaking?
You must use continuous writing (not note form) and use your own
words as far as possible.
Use the Marking Criteria for Question 1(f) (Table A, Reading and Table B
Writing).
0 0 No creditable content.
Table B, Writing
0 0 No creditable content.
Note 1: All examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in
candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills
demonstrated. Nonetheless, the content must be clearly related to and derived from the texts.
Question 2
This question tests reading assessment objectives R1, R2 and R4 (25 marks):
2(a)(i) R1 1
2(a)(ii) R2 1
2(a)(iii) R1 1
2(a)(iv) R1 1
2(b)(i) R2 1
2(b)(ii) R2 1
2(b)(iii) R1 1
Total 25
2(a)(i) Identify a word or phrase from the text which suggests the same idea 1
as the words underlined:
Anna’s journey through New Zealand took her from one end of the
country to the other.
Accept cloze responses that repeat all / some of the question stem with the
correct answer.
2(a)(ii) Anna was going to run the whole way with absolutely no help or 1
assistance.
Accept cloze responses that repeat all / some of the question stem with the
correct answer.
2(a)(iii) Anna did think about buying a GPS to help her find her way. 1
Accept cloze responses that repeat all / some of the question stem with the
correct answer.
2(a)(iv) Kevin felt that lots of the people attempting it were not at all ready to 1
deal with the challenges of the trail.
Accept cloze responses that repeat all / some of the question stem with the
correct answer.
2(b)(i) Using your own words, explain what the writer means by each of the 1
words underlined:
‘It just comes down to a choice about how you live your life,’ I
shrugged. ‘I’m a ‘‘work-it-out -when-I-get-there’’ kind of person.’
This was perhaps the reason why I’d failed to read even 10 per cent of
the trail notes before setting out. And possibly why a perceptive work
colleague had introduced me to Kevin who would meet me at the
airport.
Local expert Kevin had quizzed me about sections of the trail. Mostly
my responses were: ‘Umm, I’m not too sure on that particular bit.’
2(b)(ii) Using your own words, explain what the writer means by each of the 1
words underlined:
2(b)(iii) Using your own words, explain what the writer means by each of the 1
words underlined:
2(c) Use one example from the text below to explain how the writer 3
suggests her attitude during the interview.
Explain how the writer uses language to convey meaning and to create
effect in these paragraphs. Choose three examples of words or
phrases from each paragraph to support your answer. Your choices
should include the use of imagery.
Candidates can make any sensible comment, but only credit those that are
relevant to the correct meanings of the words in the context and that have
some validity. Alternative acceptable explanations should be credited. Credit
comments on effects created by non-vocabulary choices such as grammar /
syntax and punctuation devices. These must be additional to comments on
vocabulary.
Only credit comments on stylistic effect where these are explicitly linked to
choices.
Paragraph 12 begins ‘No, I’d no idea ...’ and is about the natural
landscape Anna encountered on the trail.
Only credit comments on stylistic effect where these are explicitly linked to
choices.
Note: All examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in
candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills
demonstrated. Nonetheless, the content must be clearly related to and derived from the texts.
Question 3
This question tests reading assessment objectives R1, R2 and R3 (15 marks):
R1 demonstrate understanding of explicit meanings
R2 demonstrate understanding of implicit meanings and attitudes
R3 analyse evaluate and develop facts, ideas and opinions, using appropriate support from the text
and writing assessment objectives W1, W2, W3, W4 and W5 (10 marks):
3 You are Anna. After completing your run successfully you return to the 25
UK and are asked to give a motivational speech to young people.
Base your speech on what you have read in Text C, but be careful to
use your own words. Address each of the three bullet points.
Use the Marking Criteria for Question 3 (Table A, Reading and Table B
Writing)
Candidates should select ideas from the text (see below) and develop them
relevantly, supporting what they write with details from the text. Look for an
appropriate register for the genre, and a clear and balanced response which
covers the three areas of the question, is well sequenced, and is in the
candidate’s own words.
A2: preparation for the challenge and what Anna wished she had done or
realised
reading trail notes (det. only read 10% of notes) [dev. should have been
better prepared / wished paid more attention / worked out ok / need to
know where to go when markers peter out]
differences between trails in NZ and Europe (det. forests, mountains)
[dev. not used to this terrain / no idea beforehand]
maps / compass (det. old fashioned navigation techniques/ no GPS)
[dev. may have been foolhardy / romanticised idea]
safety arrangements (det. spot tracker) [dev. useful / necessary /
sensible precaution]
practised more with backpack (det. over-estimated speed she could
travel carrying all her gear) [dev. backpack slowed her down / should
have made other arrangements for picking up supplies]
started the other end of the trail (det began at Stirling point) [dev. less
time to acclimatize / more challenging route from the outset]
A3: highlights of the whole experience, what Anna gained and why she
would recommend her audience to take on challenges.
radio interview (det. Southland FM’s Invercargill studio, meeting radio
host Rach) [dev. enjoyed fame and attention / new cultural experience]
discovery / adventure (det. wild, beauty of landscape) [dev. taking
some risks can be worth it / pushing yourself is important]
confidence / sense of achievement (det. own ‘Olympic’ achievement)
[dev. able to work through problems faced / overcome problems in own
life / positive mindset brings success]
support from others (det. support from friends, family, work
colleagues) [dev. gained their respect / inspiring others]
learned from Kevin (det. local expert, new friend) [dev. pleased she
met him / grateful for his advice]
1 1–3 The response is either very general, with little reference to the
text, or a reproduction of sections of the original.
Content is either insubstantial or unselective.
There is little realisation of the need to modify material from the
text.