MANAGEMENT PLAN

FOR
AMRAKH MAHADEV LEOPARD CONSERVATION
RESERVE
( Plan Period: 2023-24 to 2033-34)

Prepared by
Ajay Chittora, I.F.S., DCF Udaipur (North)
 INDEX

Chapter 1 Introduction and Background Information

1.1 Name and Status of Constitution/Notification

1.2 Map of Conservation Reserve
1.3 Location, Physical Boundaries, and Extent
1.4 Indicative map to depict connectivity with other Pas, CRs, biodiversity rich
sites
1.5 Statement of Significance
Chapter 2 Profile

2.1 General Information

2.2 Current Land Uses/Activities in the Area
2.3 Terrain Characteristics
2.4 Water Resources (Wetlands, river systems, drainage)
2.5 Forest Types, and cover attributes
2.6 Flora and Fauna
2.7 Corridor linkages
2.7.1 Natural
2.7.2 Anthropogenic
2.7.3 Functionality (only for movement/movement and short
stay/movement stay and reproduction)
2.8 Socio- economic and Socio-cultural profile /Coastal and Island
Community description
2.9 Traditional and Indigenous Knowledge

Chapter 3 Present Management and Practices

3.1 Management History
3.2 Habitat Management and Protection
3.3 Forest Resource dependency of local communities/Major Land use
in larger landscape
3.4 Eco-Tourism and Interpretation
3.5 Monitoring: Monitoring and Evaluation practices used in the CR to date
3.6 Administration and Organisation –
Chapter 4 Corridor status and functionality
4.1 Types of corridor
4.1.1 Fragmentation analysis
4.1.2 Natural
4.1.2.1 Functional status
4.1.3 Anthropogenic status
4.1.3.1 Functional status
4.2 Areas favouring only movement
4.3 Areas favouring movement and short stay
4.4 Areas with potential for movement, stay and reproduction

Chapter 5 Managerial strategy (corridor management) with thematic

actions

5.1 Action portfolio for maintaining functionality

5.1.1 Day to day monitoring (traditional and state of the art)
5.1.2 Safeguarding against intensive landuses
5.2 Action portfolio for dealing with human-wildlife interface
5.2.1 Preventive measures
5.2.2 Control measures
5.3 Action portfolio for active management
5.3.1 Translocating reproductive (prey/predator) surplus above carrying
capacity in adherence to Standard Operating Procedures

Chapter 6 Implementation strategy

(Dividing CR into sectors having village clusters)

6.1 Inclusive management
6.1.1 Village cluster level micro planning (Annexure 3.1)
6.1.2 Actions in sync with para 5.1 to 5.2 (separate chapters)
6.1.3 Agreed actions, quid-pro-quo
6.1.4 PES: Community stewardship remuneration
6.2 Monitoring performance
6.2.1 Performance Indicators
6.2.2 Monitoring and evaluation by the committee constituted under
Section 36B of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972
 LIST OF MAPS

S.No. Maps Page No.

Toposheet map of Leopard

1. Annexure-1
Conservation Reserve.

Digital map of Leopard Conservation

2. Annexure-2
Reserve.

Google map of Leopard

3. Annexure-3
Conservation Reserve.

Khasra map Leopard Conservation

4. Annexure-4
Reserve.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
 AMRAKH MAHADEV LEOPARD CONSERVATION RESERVE,
UDAIPUR
Conservation Plan

CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION and BACKGROUND INFORMATION

1.1- Name and Status of Constitution/Notification-

The Amrakh Mahadev Leopard Conservation Reserve, Amberi, Udaipur.

The Amrakh Mahadev Leopard Conservation Reserve, Amberi, Udaipur
Notification has been issued by Government of Rajasthan, Forest

department, Letter no. i-3¼31½ou@2023/2023 Dated 07-10-2023.

 1.2- Map of Conservation Reserve-
The Amrakh Mahadev Leopard Conservation Reserve, Amberi, Udaipur
Map.
1.3- Location, Physical boundaries and Extent-
The Amrakh Mahadev Conservation Reserve, Udaipur is
confined to southern Aravallis adjacent to Amrakh Mahadev with
Gamdhar forest blocks to Flate-A block via Purohito ka talab, Amberi,
Dhinkli, Kamlodiya, Hinglasiya, Amarbeed, derawala, Motamagra mai
Gudli, Kantiya, Panwadi, Bhainsada, Nauwa, Bikarni, Santu, Karget
Blocks and Udaisagar dam. These Forest Blocks forms the major
source of Large Trees with so many different kind of Species and
Various types of Flora and Founa, the Forest blocks have a catchment
area of Purohito ka Talab and Udaisagar Dam forms the major source
of drinking water for many villages near Udaipur. Purohito ka talab is
constructed in the lay of nature and it is a Great picnic spot for the
Tourist and citizens. Udaisagar Dam is constructed on Aayad river
which is one of the eastern flowing rivers of the state. Ultimately Ayad
river, which drains into Banas, further Banas into Chambal, Chambal
into Yamuna, Yamuna into Ganges and finally Ganges joins
Brahamputra river which ultimately discharge its water to the bay of
Bangal.
Purohito ka Talab and Udaisagar Dam can be legally divided into two
parts – the Lake area and the submergence area. The Lake catchment
area forms a part of Forest area and falls under the jurisdication of the
Forest Department. The Submergence and the water spread area falls
under the jurisdication of the Water Resource Department.
Amarbeed, Amberi, Bhainsada, Bikarni, Derawala, Dhinkli, Flate-A,
Gamdhar, Hinglasiya, Kamlodiya, Kantiya, Karget, Mota magra mai
Gydli, Nauwa, Panwadi and Santu, Forest Block of Udaipur (North)
Forest Division forms a part of Natural habitat of wild animals, Various
Trees, Eco-Tourism destinations with various types of Flora and Fauna.
Area of this all block is 6204.00 ha. It is situated towards Northen
edge of Udaipur City with a beautiful view surrounding it.
1.4- Indicative map to depict connectivity with other Pas, CRs,
biodiversity rich sites-
1.5- Statement of Significance-
AMLCR has following objective to achieve:-
i. To conserve the “Leopard” which is keystone species of this
area.
ii. To conserve the aquatic biodiversity with major emphasis in
Udaipur to keep the Nature pollution free for use of humans and
wildlife.
iii. To enhance and enrich the ecology and biota of the Gamdhar,
Amberi, Dhinkli, Kamlodiya, Hinglasiya, Amarbeed, Derawala,
Mota magra, Kantiya, Panwadi, Bhainsada, Nauwa, Bikarni,
Santu, Karget-A and Flate-A Forest blocks comes in the proposed
conservation reserve plan and Amrakh mahadev temple area
with Udaisagar lake and Purohito ka talab area.
iv. Since area is closer with the Gamdhar, Amberi, Dhinkli,
Kamlodiya, Hinglasiya, Amarbeed, Derawala, Mota magra,
Kantiya, Panwadi, Bhainsada, Nauwa, Bikarni, Santu, Karget-A
and Flate-A blocks, it can act as a buffer for the spill over
animal population of the Nature.
v. To manage Gamdhar, Amberi, Dhinkli, Kamlodiya, Hinglasiya,
Amarbeed, Derawala, Mota magra, Kantiya, Panwadi,
Bhainsada, Nauwa, Bikarni, Santu, Karget-A and Flate-A forest
block as a “Corridor” to facilitate safe movement of wild
animals upto surrounding forest blocks.
vi. To ensure its leopard conservation value because the Udaisagar
Lake and Purohito ka talab has great importance as an
important water body in the area. It is a perennial water body
and water remains available round the year.
vii. Area has great potential for eco-tourism because tourists
coming to Nagar van Udhyan Amberi and Biodiversity Park
Amberi can be easily attracted over here. This will help to uplift
the socio-economic status of many families of surrounding
villages.
viii. To involve people in management and to provide an
opportunity of local employment with the help of conservation
activities.
ix. To support population of white-naped tit, an endemic species of
the country.
x. To provide a legal framework to achieve the above objectives.
 CHAPTER-2
Profile

2.1- General Information-

The Amrakh Mahadev Conservation Reserve, Udaipur is confined to

southern Aravallis adjacent to Amrakh Mahadev with Gamdhar forest
blocks to Flate-A block via Purohito ka talab, Amberi, Dhinkli,
Kamlodiya, Hinglasiya, Amarbeed, derawala, Motamagra mai Gudli,
Kantiya, Panwadi, Bhainsada, Nauwa, Bikarni, Santu, Karget Blocks.
The total area covered in the conservation plan is 7146.8527 hectare.

2.2- Current land Uses/Activities in the Area-

 Tourism: Key areas like Purohito ka Talab and Udaisagar Lake

attract tourists and locals, especially during the monsoon season.

 Agriculture and Grazing: Adjacent villages rely on these

activities, which occasionally extend into the reserve.

 Water Resources: The Udaisagar Dam and Purohito ka Talab

provide irrigation and drinking water to nearby communities.

2.3- Terrain Characteristics-

Udaisagar lake and Purohito ka Talab is a deep water body while

Gamdhar, Amberi, Dhinkli, Kamlodiya, Hinglasiya, Amarbeed,
Derawala, Mota magra, Kantiya, Panwadi, Bhainsada, nauwa and
Bikarni is notified as a Reserve Forest and Santu, Karget-A and Flate-
A notifed as a Protected Forest block is highly undulating with broken
ranges of hills of varying height. Most of the hilly tract is highly sloppy
with almost 90 to 100 % slopes at places. The hills and hillocks
forming a network leads to the nallahs, enters the plains and drains
into the bigger nallahs which leads in nearby Badi and Pichola lakes.
 The area is characterized by loamy soil with poor moisture retention,
making vegetation growth challenging in certain areas.

2.4- Water resources (Wetlands, river systems, drainages)

 Udaisagar Lake: A significant water body created by a dam on the

Berach River, providing irrigation and drinking water to nearby
villages.
 Purohito ka Talab: A clean, unpolluted lake used by wildlife and
migratory birds as a feeding ground.

2.5- Forest types and Cover attributes

The Udaisagar Lake and Purohito ka talab is a water body having scanty
vegetation at its shore area. The floral constituents of the Gamdhar,
Amberi, Dhinkli, Kamlodiya, Hinglasiya, Amarbeed, Derawala, Mota magra,
Kantiya, Panwadi, Bhainsada, Nauwa, Bikarni, Santu, Karget-A and Flate-A
forest area is mostly edapho-climate climax type forests. As per the
Champion & Seth’s classification the forests of this block fall under the II &
III category of Tropical Dry Deciduous forests, which can be sub-classified
as:

(i) 5 A Southern Tropical Dry deciduous 2C1, 2C2 types,

(ii) 5 B Northern Tropical Dry deciduous 2C2, Tropical Dry mixed
deciduous (DS-1, DS-3) and Dry Edaphic types E-1, E/Ds-1
types.
Forests of the following block are composed of wide floral diversity.
The main Tree species are Anogeissus pendula mixed with Mitragyana
parviflora, Boswellia serrata, Lannea coromendelica, Bauhinia racemosa,
Acacia catehu, Wrightia tomentosa etc. At the top hill slopes Boswellia
serrata and Laenia grandis dominates, in the middle slopes, Anogeissus
latifolia, Anogeissus pendula, Casia fistula, Albizia lebbek etc. exists. In
the lower slopes Zizyphus spp. Acacia catechu, Dicrostacis cineraria, A.
leucophloea and Grewia flavescens etc. are mainly found.

The major species of the lower canopy are Balanites aegyptica, Flacourtia
indica, Capparis sapieria, Holarrhena antidysentrica, Dichrostachys
cineraria, Zizyphus numularia, Vitex nigundo etc. The grasses include
Sehima nurvosum, Apluda mutica, Themeda triandra, Dicanthium
annulatum, Heteropogon contortus, Aristide funiculata, Cenchrus
setigerus, Cynodon dactylon, Cenchrus ciliaris etc.

2.6- Flora and Fauna

Anexure

2.7- Cooridor linkages

 2.7.1 Natural: The reserve acts as a green corridor, especially

during the rainy season, facilitating the movement of species
between different forest blocks.
 2.7.2 Anthropogenic: Roads like NH-58 create barriers, impacting
wildlife movement.
 2.7.3 Functionality: The reserve supports movement, short stays,
and reproduction for various species.

2.8- Socio-economic and Socio-cuktural profile/Costal and Island

Community description

 Local Communities: Inhabitants of surrounding villages rely on the

reserve for resources like water and minor forest produce.
 Cultural Practices: The Amrakh Mahadev Temple is a significant
cultural site within the reserve, attracting pilgrims and tourists.

2.9- Traditional and Indigenous Knowledge

 Conservation Practices: Local traditions and knowledge play a

vital role in conserving the biodiversity of the reserve.
  Existing Narratives: Document any existing stories, practices, or
rituals that contribute to conservation efforts.

Chapter 3: Present Management and Practices

HISTORY OF MANAGEMENT & PRESENT PRACTICES

3.1 GENERAL:

The Amrakh Mahadev Conservation Reserve is under administrative

control of Udaipur North Division. It is situated in southern Aravalli’s.
Prior to independence the forests, which are presently within the
limits of Conservation Reserve, were managed by erstwhile rulers of
“Mewar” state. During olden times the area was rich in forest wealth
and wild life. Presence of tigers at the apex of food chain itself is
evidence of rich floral and faunal wealth of the area. After 1947 with
the integration of states and abolition of state rules the era of
deterioration of natural resources begin. Release of restrictions has
diverted the energies of inhabitants for destruction of forest wealth.
As the population increased the people have started finding new
ways & means to earn the money and easiest of all is they find
destruction of natural resources. Quantum of domestic cattle gone
up, most of them unproductive depending on adjoining forest areas
for their feed. Further the proportion of sheeps and goats in cattle
herd increased causing further destruction to the forest biomass.

3.2 TIMBER OPERATIONS INCLUDING BAMBOO & FIREWOOD

HARVEST:
Timber operations have never been in practice in the reserve.

3.2.1 SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS AND TENDING

OPERATIONS:
No extraction is being done. Extraction of obnoxious weeds is done
whenever budget is available. Area is infested with many obnoxious
weeds, especially with Prosopis juliflora, Lantana camara etc which
need eradication. Weeding hoeing, pruning is done in plantation,
raised for habitat important.
3.2.2 EVENAGED SYSTEM AND UNEVENAGED SYSTEM:

Uneven aged crop is seen here and there in the Conservation

Reserve which indicates that natural regeneration is going on.
This stage is seen in Dhok, especially ridges of hills. Salar
regeneration is seen on the hills. This condition should be
continued to sustain the herbivores population.
Due to last 10 years management many pockets of the
Conservation Reserve have become quite denser which is
being avoided by the herbivores, hence a justified opening is
required in many pockets to maintain the distribution range of
this antelope within the Conservation Reserve area.
3.2.3 BAMBOO WORKING:
Area is bamboo deficient and no bamboo working is being
done.
3.2.4FIREWOOD HARVEST AND COLLECTION:
No firewood harvest is going on. However local tribals, living
around the Conservation Reserve sometimes used to collect
fallen woods.
3.3 NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCE (NWP) COLLECTION:
No non-wood forest produces were ever auctioned from the
Conservation Reserve area. However, the “adivasi’s” living
around the area use to collect some plants, shrubs and herbs
of medicinal value for their own use. Beside this occasional
collection of gum, wild fruits like Kikoda, lemon & Imli has been
reported from the Conservation Reserve area.
3.4 LEASES:
No forestland has ever been given on lease for any purpose.

3.5 OTHER PROGRAMMES & ACTIVITIES:

Amrakh Mahadev is one of the youngest Conservation Reserve
under the administrative control of Deputy Conservator of
Forests, Udaipur (North). As the human & Cattle population in
villages surrounding the Conservation Reserve has gone up,
the pressure on the Conservation Reserve resources to cater
the need of fuel and fodder has been increased, resulting to
degradation of habitat for wild animals of the Conservation
Reserve. Further the tendency of villagers living on the
 periphery of the Conservation Reserve area to encroach the
Conservation Reserve land in absence of clear demarcation of
Conservation Reserve boundaries on the ground went on
increasing. These factors generated the need to protect the
Conservation Reserve area and construction of pucca stone
wall fencing along with habitat improvement works. In the last
decade of 20th century, looking to the increased biotic pressure
on Conservation Reserve resources, it became essential to
construct the “Pucca stone wall” around the Conservation
Reserve.

3.6 HABITAT MANAGEMENT AND FOREST PROTECTION:

3.6.1 LEGAL STATUS:

There are eighteen forest blocks in the Conservation Reserve
comprising of an area of 7146.8527 hectares. It was declared as
“Amrakh Mahadev Leopard Conservation Reserve” by Government
of Rajasthan Notification No. F.3 (31) Van/2023 Jaipur dated 7 th
October, 2023 under the provisions of Section 34A, of The Wild Life
Protection Act, 1972. The legal status of the Forest area and
revenue area of Conservation Reserve is given in following table
(Table 3.1, 3.2, 3.3):

LEGAL STATUS OF FOREST AREA OF AMRAKH

MAHADEV CONSERVATION RESERVE

TABLE 3.1:
S.No. Legal Status Area (in hectares)
1. Reserved Forest 2199.423 Hect.
2. Protected Forest 4132.2650 Heact.
3. Revenue Area 815.163 Hect.
Total- 7146.8527 Hect.

Forest Area Details-

TABLE 3.2:
S. Name of District Area Legal status of No. of
N forest Prposed in land. Compatm
block C.R. (in Reserve/ ents
Ha.) Protected/
Unclassified
1. Gamdhar Udaipu 64 Reserve Forest 1
 r
2. Amberi Udaipu Reserve Forest
349 1
r
3. Dhikli Udaipu Reserve Forest
68.3463 1
r
4. Kamlodia Udaipu Reserve Forest
119.559 1
r
5. Hinglasia Udaipu Reserve Forest
122.215 1
r
6. Amarbeed Udaipu Reserve Forest
383.29 1
r
7. Derwala Udaipu Reserve Forest
41 1
r
8. Motamagr Udaipu Reserve Forest
17.261 1
a r
9. Kantia Udaipu Reserve Forest
80.55 1
r
10. Panwadi Udaipu Reserve Forest
154.28 1
r
11. Bhaisda Udaipu Reserve Forest
386.7346 1
r
12. Nauwa Udaipu Reserve Forest
334.4318 1
r
13. Bikrni Udaipu Reserve Forest
78.7566 1
r
14. Santu Udaipu Protected
1704 3
r Forest
15. Karget-A Udaipu Protected
31 1
r Forest
16. Flat-A Udaipu Protected
1335 3
r Forest
17. Flat-B Udaipu Protected
1022.265 5
r Forest
18. Jhamri-A Udaipu Protected
40 1
r Forest
6331.689
Total- A 26
3

Revenue area Details-

TABLE 3.3:
S.N Village Tehsil Distric Area (in Legal status No. of
t Ha.) of land khasara
1. Amberi Badgao Udaipu 90.90 UIT land 7
n r
2. Debari Girwa Udaipu 261.39 Government 31
r Land
3. Tila Girwa Udaipu 113.81 Government 20
 Kheda r Land
4. Lakarwa Girwa Udaipu 349.0634 Government 5
s r Land
815.163
Total- A1 63
4

Amrakh Mahadev Leopard Conservation Reserve of Total area =

7146.8527 ha.

LEGAL STATUS of FOREST AREA-

The Forest Blocks is under administrative control of Udaipur (North)
Udaipur. It is situated in southern Aravallis. Prior to independence, the
forests which are presently within the limits of block, were managed by
erstwhile rulers of “Mewar” state. During those times the area was rich in
forest wealth and wild life. Presence of tigers at the apex of biological
pyramid itself is evidence of rich floral and faunal wealth of the area. The
right and privileges in the reserved forest area have already been
decided.
Gamdhar Forest block is a notified as a Reserve forest being
managed by the Udaipur (North) Forest Division. It was notified as reserve
forest by the earstwhile Government of Mewar, vide notification number
2552-29.6.48
Amberi Forest block is a notified reserve forest being managed by
the Udaipur (North) Forest Division. It was notified as reserve forest by the
earstwhile Government of Mewar, vide notification number 41/19.9.48.
Dhinkli Forest block is a notified reserve forest being managed by
the Udaipur (North) Forest Division. It was notified as reserve forest by the
earstwhile Government of Mewar, vide notification number 2523/20.6.48.
Kamlodiya Forest block is a notified reserve forest being managed
by the Udaipur (North) Forest Division. It was notified as reserve forest by
the earstwhile Government of Mewar, vide notification number 28250-
3.7.42.

Hinglasiya Forest block is a notified reserve forest being managed

by the Udaipur (North) Forest Division. It was notified as reserve forest by
the earstwhile Government of Mewar, vide notification number 32757 –
35013 dated 12.12.1942.
Amarbeed Forest block is a notified reserve forest being managed
by the Udaipur (North) Forest Division. It was notified as reserve forest by
the earstwhile Government of Mewar, vide notification number 798-
27.4.49.
 Derawala Forest block is a notified reserve forest being managed by
the Udaipur (North) Forest Division. It was notified as reserve forest by the
earstwhile Government of Mewar, vide notification number 109-16.7.47.

Mota Mangra Forest block is a notified reserve forest being

managed by the Udaipur (North) Forest Division. It was notified as reserve
forest by the earstwhile Government of Mewar, vide notification number
7761-3.3.48.

Kantiya Forest block is a notified reserve forest being managed by

the Udaipur (North) Forest Division. It was notified as reserve forest by the
earstwhile Government of Mewar, vide notification number 3698-27.12.47.
Panwadi Forest block is a notified reserve forest being managed by
the Udaipur (North) Forest Division. It was notified as reserve forest by the
earstwhile Government of Mewar, vide notification number 10092/16.7.47.
Bhainsada Forest block is a notified reserve forest being managed
by the Udaipur (North) Forest Division. It was notified as reserve forest by
the earstwhile Government of Mewar, vide notification number 323-
30.9.48.

Nauwa Forest block is a notified reserve forest being managed by

the Udaipur (North) Forest Division. It was notified as reserve forest by the
earstwhile Government of Mewar, vide notification number
2518/(1)Forest-50, 14.7.50.
Bikarni Forest block is a notified reserve forest being managed by
the Udaipur (North) Forest Division. It was notified as reserve forest by the
earstwhile Government of Mewar, vide notification number
2518/(1)/Forest-50,14.7.50.
Santu Forest block is a notified reserve forest being managed by the
Udaipur (North) Forest Division. It was notified as reserve forest by the
earstwhile Government of Mewar, vide notification number F-1(17)4, Qks-
50/6714.8.50.

Karget-A Forest block is a notified Protected forest being managed

by the Udaipur (North) Forest Division. It was notified as reserve forest by
the earstwhile Government of Rajasthan.

Flate-A Forest block is a notified as a Protected forest being

managed by the Udaipur (North) Forest Division. It was notified as reserve
forest by the earstwhile Government of Mewar, vide notification number
40/19.9.48.
Flate-B Forest block is a notified as a Protected forest being
managed by the Udaipur Forest Division. It was notified as reserve forest
by the earstwhile Government of Mewar, vide notification number
40/19.9.48.
 Jhamri-A Forest block is a notified as a Protected forest being
managed by the Udaipur Forest Division. It was notified as reserve forest
by the earstwhile Government of Mewar, vide notification number
40/19.9.48.

STATUS OF THE PUROHITO KA TALAB LAKE:

Purohito Ka Talab is an artificial fresh water lake located in the

Udaipur . Purohito ka Talab is approximately 12 kilometres from Udaipur.
Green mountains surround the lake. Purohito ka Taalab is also referred to
as “Mini Jaisamand” It is located between the Aravalli Mountains. Taxis
are an easy way to get to this beautiful man made lake. Normally, this
place is less crowded and this has been designated as a No Fishing
Zone in order to protect the forest life.
1. Name of river on which : Purohito Ka Talab
Lake is constructed
2. Catchment of Purohito : Eastern aspects of Amberi Hills, Amberi
Ka Talab Forest blocks and Revenue rea.
3. Tehsil : Girwa
4. Panchyat simiti : Girwa
5. District : Udaipur
6. Villages present on the : Amberi
periphery of the Lake
7. Area of Lake-Talab : About 13 hectare
8. Ownership : 1. Lake comes under Forest Department
and UIT Udaipur.
2. Water spread area comes under Water
Resource Department
9. Main Animal Species : Migratory and resident aquatic birds are
seen over here. Water is rich in fish fauna,
water snakes, frogs etc.
10. Main uses of Lake water : Drinking water for Animals.

Purohiton ka talab as tourist spot:

Purohito Ka Talab is an artificial fresh water lake located in
the Udaipur . Purohito ka Talab is approximately 12 kilometres from
Udaipur. Green mountains surround the lake. Purohito ka Taalab is also
referred to as “Mini Jaisamand” It is located between the Aravalli
Mountains.
Purohito Ka Talab is popular for pre-wedding photoshoot.
Nominal fees will be charged for bringing camera inside the lake
premises.

Ecological Importance:
This lake is considered one of the main attractions because it is
surrounded by lush green mountains, offering a brief scenic view.When
tourist and city citizens arrive, they’ll be surprised at how well the lake
has been preserved.There is a wall where you can admire Indian Graffiti
depicting Rajasthani culture with horses, elephants, men dressed in
Rajasthani attire, and more.
Purohito ka Taalab is also known as ‘Mini Jaisamand’ because of the ghats
built on the lake, which are equipped with stairs that take us close to the
water. You can sit on the topmost stair and get an aerial view of the lake
and the mountains, or you can walk all the way down to the lake and sit in
peace, listening to the water syncing with the wind. As the monsoon
began to pound on Udaipur’s doors, its true radiance began to spread
across the city’s lakes, mountains, palaces, ghats, and every other
element. Tourists and locals in Udaipur will now be on the lookout for
exclusive hangouts or picnic spots that showcase the beauty of nature in
this weather.
Purohiton ka talab (Lake) has clean, unpolluted clear water. Many
migratory and resident bird species used this water body as feeding
ground. Various species of fishes are present in the water of talab. Wild
mammals and birds use this water body as a water hole. The connecting
Forest areas acts as “Green Corridor” in during rainy season.
STATUS OF THE UDAISAGAR LAKE:
Udai Sagar Lake is another striking lake that falls under the
category of five lakes of Udaipur. Udaisagar Lake is located at a distance
of about 13 kms in the east of Udaipur. The construction of this lake was
started in 1559 by Maharana Udai Singh and got completed in 1565. Udai
Sagar Lake extends to 4 km in length 2.5 km in width and deep to the
extent of 9 meters at the maximum. Actually, Udai Sagar Lake was the
result of a dam that took its start in 1559. Maharana Udai Singh
constructed this dam on Berach River, to ensure adequate supply of water
in his kingdom. Dam at Udaisagar Lake drains about 479 sq km of the
country and covers an area of 10.5 sq kms. It has a storage capacity of
23.4 milli cubic meter. To manage the overflowing lake during rainy
season, one channel has been made connecting to Berach River. Today,
the water of this lake is used in the zinc smelter close to Debari. The lake
usually has plenty of water with the exception of lean years.
1. Name of Lake is : Udai Sagar Lake
constructed
2. Catchment of Udaisagar : Western aspects of Kamlodiya Hills,
lake Panwadi, western slope of Bhoio ki
pancholi, Kamlod etc. are making
catchment of Udaisagar Lake.
3. Tehsil : Girwa
4. Panchyat simiti : Girwa
5. District : Udaipur
6. Villages present on the : Kamlod, Panwadi, Bhoiyo ki pancholi,
periphery of the Lake Kamlod Dungar.

7. Storage capacity of : 23.4 milli cubic meter

 Lake
8. Ownership : Water spread area comes under Water
Resource Department
9. Main Animal Species : Migratory and resident aquatic birds are
seen over here. Water is rich in fish fauna,
water snakes, frogs etc.
10. Main uses of Lake water : Irrigation and drinking

Udaisagar Lake as tourist spot:

Udaipur is known as city of lakes as a large number of lakes are

located in and around Udaipur. These lakes are not only the beauty spots
and tourist attraction but are also the source of drinking and irrigation
water.

Ecological Importance:
Udai Sagar (Lake) has clean, unpolluted clear water. Many migratory
and resident bird species used this water body as feeding ground. Various
species of fishes are present in the water of Udaisagar lake water body as
a water hole. The connecting Breach river acts as “Blue Corridor” and
during rainy season fishes migrates towards upstream for spawning.
STATUS OF THE AMRAKH MAHADEV TEMPLE:

Amrakh Mahadev Temple Udaipur - One of the most peaceful

historical place of udaipur, situated on Chirwa Road, approx 4 Km. before
the chirwa tunnel, approx 13 km from Surajpole and 1 km from Udaipur
nathdwara higway. Basically its Temple of God Shiva, its also famous for
Maa Ganga Kund and its vaastu work. Temple is 2500 year old.
1. Name of the Temple : Amrakh mahadev Temple
2. Tehsil : Bhindar
3. Panchyat simiti : Girwa
4. District : Udaipur
5. Number of Villages present : Nil
inside
6. Area of the temple : 43.1712 Ha
6. Name of Villages present at : Amberi
periphery
8. Ownership : UIT, Udaipur
9. Main Animal Species : Panther, Jungle cat, Hyena, Jackal, Rusty spotted
cat, hare, Langur, various types of birds including
white naped tit, various types of reptiles, insects
etc. (Please see Appx. For further details)
10. Main Forest types : Tropical dry deciduous and tropical throny forest
11. Main species : Salar, Godal, Kadaya, Thur, Kumtha, Khair, Ronjh,
Khirni, Bamboo, Hingot (Please see Appx. For
further details)
12. Canopy density : 0.2 to 0.4
13. Number of Shikar Odhis : 0
present inside
14. Sucessonal stage : Scrub land and woodland
15. Climax status : Edephic climax of Boswellia serreta, Acacia
senagal and A. nilotica is seen in patches.
Degradation is visible in many pockets.
16. Major Grass species : Kali lamp (Heteropogon contortus), Seran (Sehima
nurvosum), Karad (Dicanthium annulatum),
Bhangti (Apluda mutica) etc.
17. Major invasive weeds : Prosopis juliflora, Lantana camara etc.
18. Rare and threatened plant : Gugal (Commiphora wightii), Kadaya (Sterculia
species urense) etc.
19. Rare and threatened animal : Panther, Common civet, Rusty spoted cat, Python,
species Aravalli red Spurfowl, Green munia etc.
20. Endemic species : White naped tit (Parus nuchalis)

Ecological Services:
Amrakh Mahadev is making a valley of green belt along with
Amrakh mahadev in of Udaipur city along with forest block Amberi and
Gamdhar to Flate-A. The green belt of this area is acting is city lungs of
Udaipur and surrounding villages. This area is used by a variety of animals
for living, breeding, roosting, resting etc. purposes. Many MFPs are
collected by the peoples of surrounding villages from this forest area.
Thus it is helping to uplift socio economic status of many families of
surrounding villages.
Recreational uses:
 A Amrakh Mahadev area has been developed by UIT Udaipur
towards North-East corner of this village. The development is in its initial
stage. This area has great potential for eco-tourism and it can be
developed to attract a big number of tourists over here. Since amrakh
mahadev temple and Eco tourism sites in forest blocks ambnari and
gamdhar are present in its vicinity, henceforth the tourist’s inflow of these
two sites can be attracted towards walking track.
Ecological Importance:
Ecologically Amrakh mahadev is very important area for
Conservation reserve. To and fro movement of many species like Leopard,
Civets, Jungle cats, Langur, Rusty Spotted Cats etc. is seen between this
Forest area. There is no barrier present in between forests blocks along
with Amrakh mahadev, the area is in physical contact. Thus, there is no
problem of a corridor to link Amrakh mahadev with panwadi forest area.
Flate-A is a physical contect with many forest block upto Karget. Hence
animal can move further to use the bigger landscape to perform their
biological activities. Hence Amrakh mahadev is an important “Green
Corridor” between Amrakh mahadev to Forest block Flate-A close to
Bagdara nature with.
3.6.2 HUNTING
Forest area of Amrakh Mahadev Conservation Reserve had been
remained as “Shikargah” (hunting grounds) for state rulers of Mewar
prior to independence. The area was rich in wild life during those
times. It is corridor in between Khumbhalgarh and Jaisamand
Sanctuary
3.6.3 ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES:

3.6.3.1 Poaching:
There is no serious problem as far as poaching is
concerned. There is not much “game” available in and
around the Conservation Reserve. In the past there had
been sporadic poaching cases.

3.6.3.2 Illegal Cutting of Trees:

Amrakh Mahadev Conservation Reserve is
predominantly surrounded by the villages having good
percentage of tribal population, which includes Bhils,
Garasias and Meena etc. They largely depend on forest
resources for their livelihood and sustenance. Although,
illicit felling in the Conservation Reserve area is under
control but the dry wood collection by right holders is
causing adverse effect on the health of forests. Their
tendency is to cut the tree branches and small shrub
growth and leave it in the forest to dry. When this is
dried up they take it away as head load. This kind of
sporadic felling of small sized trees not only causes
damage to the forest but also disturbs wild life and
deteriorates its habitat.

3.6.3.3 Illegal Removal of NWP, Encroachments & other

Illegal Activities:
No mass collection of nonwood forest produce is been
reported from the Conservation Reserve area, although
villager residing on the periphery of the Conservation
Reserve seldom collects the parts of trees, shrubs and
herbs having medicinal values.
3.6.4 LIVE STOCK GRAZING:
 Wild Life Conservation Reserve Amrakh Mahadev has serious
problem of grazing. The cattle are allowed to graze free of
cost in the Conservation Reserve. The villagers have tendency
to leave their cattle into the Conservation Reserve boundary
throughout the year. Maximum pressure on the Conservation
Reserve resources is exerted during rainy seasons. As there is
no system of stall feeding, almost maximum of cattle of these
villages goes into the Conservation Reserve area for grazing.
During rainy season, cattle are taken upto upper reaches of
the Conservation Reserve, where the graziers resort to lopping
and branch cutting. Incidentally this is the time for
regeneration of tree species and growth of grasses. The worst
part of grazing menace is damage of peripherial loose dry
stone wall by the villagers causing other serious problems
including encroachments and confrontation between villagers
and wild animals.

3.6.5 WILD FIRES:

As summer approaches, the fallen leaves, dry woods and dry
grasses forms an ideal material for outbreak of fire incidences.
Such incidences in the Conservation Reserve are further
aggravated due to presence of place of worship. Although
forest fires in the Conservation Reserve are “ground fires”
causing little harm to vegetation, but they cause severe loss
to the top productive humus layer hampering the
regeneration.
Normally local people resist in helping the staff in combating
fire incidents. Negligence by illicit graziers, collectors of honey
and other MFP’s are other major causes of fire incidences in
the Conservation Reserve area.

3.6.6 INSECT ATTACKS & PATHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS:

During rains, breeding of butterflies and moths take very
heavy toll from green foliage. Leaf skelatinizer attack broad
leaf trees just after rains. Various type of fungi generally
appear on dead and rotting wood material lying on the ground
of the Conservation Reserve. Ganoderma is seen attacking
live trees here and there in this protected area especially in
moist valleys.

3.6.7 WILDLIFE HEALTH:

 No specific disease is seen in wild animals. Langurs,
Nilgais, Chinkaras, Wildbores and birds are quite visible during
day time, look healthy and they express their normal
behaviour. Few road accidents observed outside the
Conservation Reserve area.

3.7 ECO TOURISM AND INTERPRETATION:

Wild Life Conservation Reserve Amrakh Mahadev is situated at a

distance of 50 kms. from tourist city Udaipur. Presence of Asia’s
largest fresh Water Lake “Udai Sagar” attracts numerous tourists
both in country & foreigners to admire its aesthetic beauty. Wild Life
Conservation Reserve Amrakh Mahadev and the lake are
contemporary to each other, since Conservation Reserve area forms
integral part of water catchment zone of the lake. Number of visitors
reaching to Amrakh Mahadev Conservation Reserve faces hardships
in form of availability of vehicles to visit the Conservation Reserve.
Only those visitors who are having their own vehicle, that too either
jeep or gypsy can go inside the Conservation Reserve area.

The Conservation Reserve area has rich floral & faunal diversity and
has high potential to promote tourism. Comparatively flat terrain
across the Conservation Reserve presence of tree grooves, historical
palaces all set an ideal environment for nature lovers. Moreover the
Udai Sagar lake is ideal to promote water sports like parasailing etc.
Various tourist places inside and around the Conservation Reserve
area are:

(i) Zonation and scope of eco-tourism development

The proposed conservation reserved can be divided into four

zone.

Zone 1:- Consisting of area already used for ecotourism

activity. This area has been proposed for ecotourism activety
and trekking. Which can be further explored. (Area Map
annexed)

Zone 2:- This area is mainly for animal transist and should be
left for conservation prespective(Area Map annexed)

Zone 3:- This area mainly consist of animal transit. This has
Udai Sagar Lake which a revenue area. The revenue
area(including lake area) should be managed as per revenue
 rules. Water sports can be promoted. It can be developed on
lines of Menar. (Area Map annexed)

Zone 4 :- This area mainly consist of flat land which a ideal

habitat for herbivores and carnivores. This area has potential
as sanctuary which should be enriched with flora and fauna. In
future can be used on sustain basis for eco-tourism (Area Map
annexed)

TABLE: 3.2
PROPOSED ZONE BOUNDRY DISCRIPTION
S.No. Zone Area Detaisl
1. Zone 1 Starting from Chand Ghati – Davana- Palodhara
Conservation Reserve boundary.
2. Zone 2 Starting from Chand Ghati- taking a turn towards
south (near second turn of north boundary) –
moving parallel to Palodhara Gate – Dheemra
baugh Vanpath (keeping Vanpath out of core
zone) –reaching Rakheshwar temple (keeping
Jhoomer baodi out of core zone) – reaching
Dheemra gate.
3. Zone 3 Starting from Dheemra gate – reaching top of hill
parallel to Amrakh Mahadev – Jagat road.
4. Zone 4 Hill top (parallel to Amrakh Mahadev – Jagat
road) – moving towards north upto 540 mt. high
peak (near north- east corner of Conservation
Reserve near a stream)

3.8 RESEARCH, MONITORING AND TRAINING:

3.8.1 RESEARCH AND MONITORING:

No specific research has been done on this conservation
reserve.
3.8.2 TRAINING:
Staff involved in management of Conservation Reserve has
not received specialized training in “Wild Life Management”.
The need for training, strategies and action plan has been
discussed in relevant chapter of this management plan.
3.9 WILD LIFE CONSERVATION STRATEGIES AND THEIR
EVALUATION:
For proper management of the Conservation Reserve certain
objectives are laid down and to achieve them, planning is
necessary. This planning deals with biological as well as
management aspect. The management aspect further deals with
preservation of ecosystem by effective protection and minimizing
the biotic pressure. Creation of ideal condition for food, water and
shelter for wild animals and providing protection are other aspects.
Condition which would facilitate wild life population to survive
and reproduce on the principles of “Let the nature take own course
with minimum biotic interference”, will be created. The degraded
area will be developed through Eco restoration plantation
programmes by planting indigenous fruit and fodder plant species.
Stress will be laid on intensive soil and moisture conservation works
including drainage line treatment to increase the water regime of
area and thus to improve the habitat. Water availability to wild
animals during pinch period will be met by creating new water
points including digging of additional tube wells to ensure filling of
water holes by tankers.
Intensive patrolling throughout the year in Conservation Reserve
area and adjacent villages will be ensured to deal with miscreants.

3.10 ADMINISTRATIVE SET UP:

Presently the wild life Conservation Reserve Amrakh Mahadev is in

administrative control of Deputy Conservator of Forests, Udaipur
(North). He is supported by Asst. Conservator of Forests at head
quarter to supervise the development works of Conservation
Reserve. The sanctioned strength of line functionaries at
Conservation Reserve level includes:
(i) Forest Range Officer - 1
(ii) Forester/ Asstt. Forester - 1
(iii) Forest Guards - 2

Looking into different aspects i.e. need of intensive patrolling to

curb grazing and lopping, extent of area, terrain, wireless system &
ongoing developmental activities, the strength of the staff is far
below the requirement for management & protection of
Conservation Reserve. It is proposed to increase the strength of
staff as mentioned below:
(i) Forester / Astt. Forester - 1 no.
(ii) Forest Guards - 5 nos.
(iii) Rest House keeper - 1 no.
 Chapter 4: Corridor status and functionality

Wildlife corridors are critical components of conservation

strategies designed to connect fragmented habitats and allow
wildlife to move between them, promoting genetic diversity,
reducing inbreeding, and helping species adapt to
environmental changes. Wildlife corridors can vary in type, and
their effectiveness can be assessed through fragmentation
analysis, functional status, and anthropogenic status.

Types of Wildlife Corridors

Amrakh Mahadev Conservation Reserve Wildlife corridors can

be categorized into several types based on their function,
location, and the specific needs of the species they are
designed to help:

 Linear Corridors: These are narrow, elongated areas that

connect isolated patches of habitat. They can be natural
(such as rivers, ridgelines, or valleys) or man-made (such
as roadsides or railway corridors).
 Stepping Stone Corridors: These corridors consist of a
series of smaller habitat patches (often called "stepping
stones") connected by corridors, allowing species to "hop"
from one habitat patch to the next.
 Multi-Layered or Complex Corridors: These are larger
and more connected habitats that may contain multiple
layers of vegetation and microhabitats, which provide
more resources and structural diversity for species
movement and survival.
 Ecological Corridors: These corridors provide habitat
connectivity specifically for biodiversity conservation and
are often part of larger conservation strategies (e.g.,
protected areas, biodiversity hotspots).
 Functional Corridors: These are designed with a focus
on the ecological needs of the species they support,
considering factors such as climate change, migration
routes, and seasonal movements.
Fragmentation Analysis of Amarakh Mahadev
Conservation Reserve Wildlife Corridors

Fragmentation analysis involves studying the degree to which

habitats are divided into smaller, isolated patches due to
human activities or natural processes. The analysis focuses on
how these fragments can affect species' movement and
survival, and how corridors can mitigate the effects of
fragmentation.

 Degree of Habitat Fragmentation: This involves

measuring the size, shape, and distribution of habitat
patches. Highly fragmented landscapes tend to have
smaller, isolated habitat patches, which are less effective
for supporting larger, mobile species.
 Landscape Connectivity: This refers to the physical and
functional connections between habitat patches. Corridors
increase landscape connectivity by providing species with
a safe route between fragmented habitats.
 Genetic Isolation: Fragmentation can lead to genetic
isolation of populations. Wildlife corridors aim to connect
populations and maintain genetic diversity, which is
crucial for long-term species survival.

Functional Status of Wildlife Corridors

The functional status of a wildlife corridor refers to how well the

corridor serves its intended ecological functions, such as
providing safe passage for species, maintaining biodiversity,
and supporting the long-term viability of populations.

 Species Movement and Behavior: A functional corridor

should facilitate the movement of species between habitat
patches without increasing risks (e.g., road mortality,
predation). Functional corridors are typically assessed
based on how effectively they enable movement of target
species.
 Ecological Integrity: The corridor must maintain its
ecological value over time. This includes not only
providing space for species movement but also ensuring
 that the corridor supports essential resources like food,
water, and shelter.
 Climate Change Adaptation: As climate change alters
habitat suitability, wildlife corridors can help species move
to more favorable environments. Functional corridors
should consider climate migration corridors that facilitate
species' movement in response to changing climates.
 Corridor Width and Connectivity: Wider corridors tend
to support larger and more diverse populations. A
functional corridor needs to be wide enough to
accommodate the ecological needs of various species and
ensure effective connectivity between habitat patches.
 Monitoring and Effectiveness: Monitoring the
effectiveness of a wildlife corridor over time is essential for
assessing its functional status. This includes tracking
species' use of the corridor, understanding how it impacts
population dynamics, and determining whether it has
successfully connected isolated habitats.

Anthropogenic Status of Wildlife Corridors

The anthropogenic status of a wildlife corridor refers to the

extent to which human activities impact the corridor and its
ability to function as a safe passage for wildlife. This includes
considering how human development, land use changes, and
infrastructure affect the corridor’s integrity.

 Human Disturbance: Roads, urbanization, agriculture,

and logging can fragment or degrade wildlife corridors.
These disturbances can reduce the corridor’s effectiveness
by increasing mortality rates, introducing pollutants, or
altering the habitat within the corridor.
 Land Use Planning: Proper land-use planning is essential
for the success of wildlife corridors. Integrating corridors
into regional and national development plans helps ensure
that they remain functional despite human expansion.
 Encroachment and Habitat Loss: Encroachment by
humans into corridors can reduce their effectiveness. If
corridors are narrow or poorly maintained, they may not
support the species that need them. Therefore, the
anthropogenic status of a corridor reflects how well it has
been protected from human encroachment.
  Infrastructural Impacts: Roads, dams, and other
infrastructure can create barriers within wildlife corridors.
Wildlife crossings (e.g., overpasses, underpasses) and
wildlife-friendly infrastructure are often implemented to
minimize the negative impacts of human-built structures.
 Socioeconomic Drivers: The success of a corridor is
often tied to the socioeconomic context, such as land
ownership patterns, community engagement, and
economic incentives. Effective corridors often require the
cooperation of local communities and stakeholders to
mitigate human impacts.

4.2 Map showing only movement corridor

Zone-2, Zone -3

4.3 Map showing area of movement and short stay

Zone -1

4.4 Map showing potential area of movement, stay and

reproduction

Zone-4

Conclusion

Wildlife corridors are vital for maintaining ecological

connectivity, promoting biodiversity, and ensuring that wildlife
populations remain viable in the face of habitat fragmentation.
By analyzing fragmentation, assessing functional status, and
considering anthropogenic influences, conservationists can
design and manage wildlife corridors more effectively, ensuring
they fulfil their intended ecological roles. Proper monitoring and
adaptive management are essential to maintaining the
integrity and functionality of wildlife corridors over time.
Chapter 5: Managerial Strategy (Corridor Management)

The concept of corridor management refers to the strategic oversight and

administration of wildlife corridors, which are vital for ensuring the safe
movement of species between habitat patches. These corridors help
maintain biodiversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem health. The
following outlines key action portfolios for managing these corridors,
ensuring functionality, managing human-wildlife interactions, and actively
maintaining ecological balance.

5.1 Action Portfolio for Maintaining Functionality

5.1.1 Day-to-Day Monitoring (Traditional and State of the Art)

Effective corridor management requires continuous monitoring to ensure

functionality. Monitoring techniques can be divided into traditional and
state-of-the-art methods:

 Traditional Monitoring:
o Field Surveys: Regular site visits, wildlife tracking, and visual
assessments of habitat condition.
o Camera Traps: Simple but effective for monitoring wildlife
presence, behavior, and corridor usage.
o Interviews with Local Communities: Engage with local
populations to gather observational data about wildlife movements
and any observed threats.
 State-of-the-Art Monitoring:
o Remote Sensing: Using satellite imagery, drones, or aerial
photography to assess habitat health and changes over time.
o GPS and Radio Collars: Tracking animals’ movements through
GPS collars provides real-time data on how wildlife uses corridors,
their routes, and potential barriers.
o Automated Sensors: Integrating infrared, acoustic, or motion-
sensing devices to collect data about wildlife interactions without
human interference.
o AI and Machine Learning Analysis: Using algorithms to process
vast amounts of data collected by various technologies, identifying
patterns, and predicting future wildlife movements.

5.1.2 Safeguarding Against Intensive Land Uses

To maintain the functionality of wildlife corridors, it is essential to

safeguard them from intensive land uses (e.g., urban development,
agriculture, industrialization). Strategies include:

 Zoning and Land-Use Planning: Implementing regulations that restrict

or manage development near critical corridors. This may include buffer
zones or protected areas.
 Promoting Sustainable Land Practices: Encouraging sustainable
agriculture, forestry, and grazing practices that minimize fragmentation
and degradation of corridors.
  Incentive Programs: Providing financial incentives for landowners to
conserve or restore corridors (e.g., through tax breaks, subsidies, or
grants).
 Land Acquisition or Easement Programs: Purchasing or acquiring
conservation easements on lands that are crucial for corridor integrity.
 Public Awareness and Stakeholder Engagement: Engaging local
communities, policymakers, and businesses to promote the importance of
corridors and collaborate on land-use planning.

5.2 Action Portfolio for Dealing with Human-Wildlife Interface

The interface between human settlements and wildlife corridors often

leads to conflicts. These can include crop damage, livestock predation,
roadkill, and even direct harm to humans. An effective strategy for
managing this interface involves both preventive and control measures.

5.2.1 Preventive Measures

Preventive actions aim to reduce the likelihood of human-wildlife conflicts

by addressing the root causes:

 Wildlife Fencing and Barriers: Erecting physical barriers, such as

wildlife fences along key routes, to guide animals through the corridors
without entering human-populated areas.
 Eco-Passages and Underpasses: Creating wildlife overpasses or
underpasses at roadways and other infrastructure to allow safe crossing
without interaction with humans or vehicles.
 Community-Based Conflict Mitigation: Educating local communities on
how to safely co-exist with wildlife (e.g., storing food properly, securing
livestock).
 Reforestation or Habitat Restoration: Enhancing habitat quality in
corridors to ensure that wildlife has access to sufficient resources within
the corridor itself, reducing the need to enter surrounding human-
dominated areas.
 Alternative Livelihood Programs: Offering communities sustainable
alternatives to practices that lead to conflict, such as eco-tourism,
beekeeping, or agroforestry.

5.2.2 Control Measures

When preventive measures are not sufficient, or conflicts are unavoidable,

control measures may be necessary:

 Relocation of Problem Animals: Safely capturing and relocating

animals that repeatedly enter human settlements or cause significant
damage.
 Population Control Programs: In some cases, controlled hunting or
culling may be necessary to manage species populations that exceed the
carrying capacity of the corridor.
 Non-lethal Deterrents: Using methods like sound or light deterrents,
electric fences, or smell-based repellents to discourage animals from
entering specific areas.
  Compensation Programs: Establishing compensation schemes for
farmers or communities that experience losses due to wildlife activities,
thereby reducing retaliation against wildlife.
 Conflict Response Teams: Training specialized teams (e.g., wildlife
rangers or emergency response units) to handle human-wildlife conflicts
swiftly and safely.

5.3 Action Portfolio for Active Management

Active management actions are designed to intervene and improve the

health and functionality of wildlife populations, as well as the ecological
integrity of the corridors.

5.3.1 Translocating Reproductive Surplus (Prey/Predator) Surplus

Above Carrying Capacity in Adherence to Standard Operating
Procedures (SOPs)

Translocation refers to the process of moving animals from one area to

another, often for conservation or population management purposes. It is
particularly important when a population exceeds the carrying capacity of
a corridor or specific habitat. Actions within this portfolio include:

 Translocating Surplus Wildlife: Moving excess populations of prey or

predator species (e.g., ungulates, carnivores) from areas with limited
resources to other areas where they can establish new populations or
strengthen existing ones.
 SOPs for Translocation: Ensuring that all translocations are carried out
in accordance with established Standard Operating Procedures, which
should cover:
o Health Screening: Ensuring animals are free from diseases that
could affect the destination ecosystem.
o Environmental Suitability: Ensuring that the target habitat can
support the introduced population.
o Monitoring Post-Translocation: Continuous monitoring to assess
the success of the translocation, including tracking animal
movements, breeding success, and overall survival.
o Genetic Considerations: Ensuring that translocation does not
negatively impact genetic diversity by over-representing certain
genetic lines.
 Adaptive Management: Using data collected from translocation efforts
to adjust management strategies and improve future translocation
outcomes.

Conclusion

Implementing a comprehensive corridor management strategy requires a

balanced approach that integrates scientific monitoring, proactive
planning, community engagement, and active intervention when
necessary. By focusing on maintaining corridor functionality, managing
the human-wildlife interface, and utilizing active management techniques,
wildlife corridors can be preserved and enhanced for the benefit of both
wildlife and human communities.

Chapter 6: Implementation Strategy

6.1 Inclusive Management

The Inclusive Management of a Conservation Reserve under the

Wildlife Protection Act (WPA), 1972, is crucial for preserving
biodiversity and maintaining ecosystem services. Effective
management strategies integrate various conservation, protection,
and monitoring measures, while engaging local communities and
stakeholders. Below is a comprehensive approach to managing a
Conservation Reserve, focusing on grazing, poaching, patrolling,
technology use, water management, habitat improvements,
awareness programs, and monitoring.

The area proposed under conservation reserve will be managed with

following objectives:

Objectives of the Amrakh Mahadev Leopard Conservation

Reserve, Udaipur:
xi. To conserve the aquatic biodiversity with major emphasis
in Udaipur to keep the Nature pollution free for use of
humans and wildlife.
xii. To enhance and enrich the ecology and biota of the
Gamdhar, Amberi, Dhinkli, Kamlodiya, Hinglasiya,
Amarbeed, Derawala, Mota magra, Kantiya, Panwadi,
Bhainsada, Nauwa, Bikarni, Santu, Karget-A and Flate-A
Forest blocks comes in the proposed conservation reserve
plan and Amrakh mahadev temple area with Udaisagar lake
and Purohito ka talab area.
 xiii. Since area is closer with the Gamdhar, Amberi, Dhinkli,
Kamlodiya, Hinglasiya, Amarbeed, Derawala, Mota magra,
Kantiya, Panwadi, Bhainsada, Nauwa, Bikarni, Santu,
Karget-A and Flate-A blocks, it can act as a buffer for the
spill over animal population of the Nature.
xiv. To manage Gamdhar, Amberi, Dhinkli, Kamlodiya,
Hinglasiya, Amarbeed, Derawala, Mota magra, Kantiya,
Panwadi, Bhainsada, Nauwa, Bikarni, Santu, Karget-A and
Flate-A forest block as a “Corridor” to facilitate safe
movement of wild animals upto surrounding forest blocks.
xv. To ensure its leopard conservation value because the
Udaisagar Lake and Purohito ka talab has great
importance as an important water body in the area. It is a
perennial water body and water remains available round
the year.
xvi. Area has great potential for eco-tourism because tourists
coming to Nagar van Udhyan Amberi and Biodiversity Park
Amberi can be easily attracted over here. This will help to
uplift the socio-economic status of many families of
surrounding villages.
xvii. To support population of Leopard/Panthers and others
animals living in the landscape and to minimize the man-
animal conflict in the area.
xviii. To involve people in management and to provide an
opportunity of local employment with the help of
conservation activities.
xix. To support population of white-naped tit, an endemic
species of the country.
xx. To provide a legal framework to achieve the above
objectives.
Development of Eco- tourism facility and Income Generation
Activities:
A. A day camping site has been developed near North - eastern edge
of the Kaler Forest Block by the Udaipur (North) Division. It needs
further development to make it a complete camping site. Since area
has potential for Eco-tourism, hence development of a nature
education trail will be an added attraction. These facilities will be
implemented through participation of the local people by
constituting Eco-Development Committees (EDCs) and Self Helf
Group (SHGs) in the periphery villages. For this propose training will
be imparted to the local villagers. Educated unemployed youth will
be trained as nature guides. Tree spoting, Nature camps, bird
watching, eco trekking etc. will create employment opportunities to
local people.

5.2.7 ORGANISATION AND ADMINISTRATION:

Six guard chowkis will be required for proper monitoring and conflict
resolution. To improve living facilities for the staff certain amenity will also
need to be create.
Assistant Conservator of Forests, Udaipur (North) and Range Forest
Officer, Udaipur (East) will manage the newly created conservation
reserve. To assist them the following posts of protection staff and
movement equipments will be required:

S. No. Post No.

1 2 3
1 Forester 1
2 Forest Guard 5
3 Boat Driver 1
4 Jeep/Gypsy 1
5 Boat 1
Since biotic pressure is more in the area and reserve has a large land area
and vast water body, the local management needs to be equipped with
fast mode of transportation to safeguard the area against poachers and
other biotic interferences.

BUDGET

Proposed Activities under Leopard Conservation Plan:

Rajasthan has become the first state in the country to launch a

project to conserve leopards by improving their prey base,
mitigating conflicts with humans and controlling poaching. Leopard
is an endangered animal under schedule one of the Wildlife
Protection Act, 1972. The big cat’s population in Rajasthan has
declined over the years. According to 2015 wildlife census, there are
434 leopards in the state. Around 20 leopards have been killed
between 2014 and 2016 in accidents or by humans when they
strayed into human habitations or agricultural fields. The area
proposed of Gamdhar, Amberi, Dhinkli, Kamlodiya, Hinglasiya,
Amarbeed, Derawala, Mota magra, Kantiya, Panwadi, Bhainsada,
Nauwa, Bikarni, Santu, Karget-A and Flate-A forest blocks is a best
as a “Corridor” for the leopard movements.

Following are few important suggestions to be implemented in

Amrakh Mahadev Conservation Area:

(A). Protection from Grazing and Poaching:

 Grazing Control:
 o Enforce No-Grazing Zones: Implement strict control
over livestock grazing in conservation areas, especially in
areas critical to wildlife habitat. By constructing
protection wall and establishing Chowki.
o Community Engagement: Work with local pastoral
communities to develop sustainable grazing practices
outside of sensitive areas, providing alternative grazing
land or fodder.
o Habitat Restoration: Where grazing has already
impacted, engage in habitat restoration to ensure the
return of key vegetation that supports wildlife.
 Anti-Poaching Measures:
o Surveillance and Patrolling: Increase patrolling,
especially in areas prone to poaching, using both human
and technological resources (e.g., drones, camera traps).
o Legal Enforcement: Work closely with other
departments to enforce laws under the WPA, ensuring
poachers face legal consequences.
o Community Participation: Involve local communities in
anti-poaching efforts through awareness programs and
community patrols (e.g., ‘Vigilance Committees’).
o Incentives: Offer livelihood alternatives (e.g., eco-
tourism) to discourage involvement in poaching activities.

(B). Construction of Patrolling Track and use of Technology

for monitoring:

 Accessibility: Construct well-marked and durable patrolling

tracks to facilitate easier and faster access for forest guards
and wildlife personnel to different parts of the reserve.
  Environmentally Sensitive Design: Ensure that the tracks
are designed with minimal disruption to habitats, considering
water courses, wildlife corridors, and plant life.
 Maintenance: Regularly maintain the tracks to ensure they
remain functional during all seasons, particularly in areas
prone to flooding or heavy rainfall.
 Training: Equip forest staff and local communities with
training on how to patrol effectively, identifying threats such as
poaching and illegal logging.

(C). Water management:

 Remote Sensing: Utilize satellite imagery and drones for real-

time monitoring of habitats, detecting any illegal activities, and
mapping changes in vegetation or water bodies.
 Camera Traps: Deploy camera traps to monitor wildlife
populations, track movement patterns, and identify poaching
hotspots.
 GPS and GIS: Use Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for mapping patrol
routes, identifying critical habitats, and monitoring land-use
changes.
 Mobile Apps: Develop or adopt mobile applications that allow
rangers and community members to report illegal activities,
record sightings, and share data with authorities.

(D). Habitat improvement works in conservation reserve:

 Water Sources: Identify and protect natural water sources

within the reserve, such as rivers, ponds, and springs, which
are crucial for both wildlife and vegetation.
  Artificial Watering Holes: During drought or dry seasons,
supplement natural water sources with artificial watering holes
that are strategically placed to prevent overuse of any one
area.
 Water Quality Monitoring: Regularly monitor the quality of
water sources for pollution, invasive species, and over-
extraction by nearby communities or industries.
 Sustainable Water Use: Implement water management
practices that ensure that water use does not negatively
impact wildlife or ecological balance.

(E). Awareness program:

 Community Awareness: Educate local communities on the

importance of wildlife conservation, sustainable resource
management, and the laws under the WPA.
 Eco-Tourism Initiatives: Promote eco-tourism programs that
engage locals as guides, hosts, or entrepreneurs, providing
economic benefits while promoting conservation.
 Schools and Outreach: Launch school programs, workshops,
and outreach activities to raise awareness about biodiversity
conservation among children and youth.
 Media Campaigns: Use radio, television, and social media
platforms to reach a wider audience, highlighting the value of
the conservation reserve and the need to protect it from
threats.

(F). Monitoring and evaluation tools:

 Wildlife Population Monitoring: Use both traditional and

modern methods (e.g., camera traps, direct observation, dung
 counts, and GPS tracking) to monitor wildlife populations and
their health.
 Habitat Quality Assessment: Periodically assess the quality
and condition of habitats using indicators like vegetation
density, species diversity, and presence of invasive species.
 Threat Analysis: Conduct regular assessments of threats
such as poaching, grazing, and habitat destruction. This
includes spatial analysis of illegal activities using GIS.
 Adaptive Management: Implement an adaptive
management framework that allows the reserve’s
management plan to be regularly updated based on
monitoring data and changing conditions.
 Stakeholder Feedback: Incorporate feedback from local
communities, researchers, and wildlife experts to refine
management strategies and ensure that they are inclusive and
effective.

(G). Collaboration and Stakeholder Engagement:

 Local Communities: Actively engage local communities in

the decision-making process, ensuring that their livelihoods are
integrated with conservation efforts, through initiatives like
sustainable farming or controlled grazing.
 Government Bodies: Collaborate with forest and wildlife
departments, local governance institutions, and law
enforcement agencies to ensure compliance with WPA
regulations.
 NGOs and Research Institutions: Partner with NGOs,
universities, and research institutions for scientific support,
training, and resource mobilization.
  Private Sector: Explore partnerships with businesses
(especially in tourism, ecotourism, and sustainable agriculture)
to fund and support conservation activities.

Year wise expenditure proposed

Sr Sub Name of work
. Tota 1 year 2 Year 3 Year Total
no l
PROTECTION
Fencing work
A
Construction of 6 feet height 217.75 1139.00 921.25 2278.00
Construction & maintenance of patrolling tracks in forest area
and at periphery
B
Construction of new Tracks 25.00 58.75 50.00
1 160.50
Maintenance of tracks for 3 years 0.00 6 20.75
Construction and maintenance of forest Guard chowki
Construction of guard Chowki 0.00 20.00 20.00
C Construction of guard Chowki cum
20.00 20.00 0.00 101.00
entry gate
Solar Facility 3.50 10.50 7.00
WATER MANAGEMENT
Construction of bore well with solar
A 12.00 12.00 12.00
panel
2 B Construction of new Water points 4.00 2.00 0.00
307.00
Laying of pipe line bore well to
C 0.00 60.00 60.00
water points
D Construction of anicuts/Causeways 13.00 52.00 52.00
 E Construction of Watch Tower 0.00 10.00 10.00
F Construction of new talais 4.00 4.00 0.00
HABITAT IMPROVEMENT
A Grassland development 20.00 40.00 40.00
3
Herbivores Augumentation 3.5 ha. 180.00
B 80.00
Encloser 0.00 0.00
GENERATING GOOD WILL & PUBLIC STUDENT AWARENESS
4
A Signage's brochures, calendar 1.00 2.00 2.00
10.00
B Awareness programme 0.00 3.00 2.00
MONITORING
5
A procurement of camera traps 4.00 2.00 2.00 8.00
6 B Misc. Expenditure 5.00 15.00 15.00 35.00
409.2 1456.2 1214.0 3079.5
Total
5 5 0 0

For Next 7 Years

Sno Item 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th Total
yea r yea yea r year year year year (in
r lacs)
1 Full Fledged 300 200 150 50 5 5 5 715
animal
rescue centre

2 Prosopis juliflora 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 14
and other
Invasive alien
species removal
3 Interpretati on 10 10 50 100 10 10 10 200
centre
construction and
maintenanc e

4 Souvenir shop 20 10 5 5 5 5 5 55
constructio n
and maintenanc
e

5 Maintenanc e of 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 35
patrolling tracks

6 Watch tower 50 5 5 5 5 5 5 80
with undergroun
d water tank(5)

7 Staff training 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7

8 research 10 5 2 2 2 2 2 25

9 Constructio n of 50 50 20 10 0 0 0 130
check dams

10 6 foot height 227 227 100 100 50 50 50 804

pucca wall

11 Constructio n of 20 20 10 0 0 0 0 50
guard chowki

12 Forester naka 20 20 10 0 0 0 0 50
13 Soil and 200 200 100 50 10 10 10 580
moisture
conservation n
works

14 Miscellaneous us 20 20 20 20 20 20 0 120

15 Total 2865

16 Grand total for 3079.5+

10 years 2865
=
5944.5
(in lacs)

Annexure-01
Toposheet Map of Leopard Conservation Reserve
 Annexure-02
Digital Map of Leopard Conservation Reserve
 Annexure-03
Google Map of Leopard Conservation Reserve
 Annexure-04
Khasra Map of Leopard Conservation Reserve