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REVIEWER IN

CONTEMPORARY WORLD

Name: Encarnacion Sean


Year&Section: BSE 1-2 GENERAL SCIENCE

Basics and Importance of Sustainable Development (SD)


What is Sustainable Development
- meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own.
-Sustainable development requires that we see the world as a system -a system that connects space; and a
system that connects time.

Three interdependent issues to Sustainable Development


 Society
 Environment
 Economy
-This dimensions was developed in the second half of the 1980s namely:
 -Economic growth
 -Social inclusion, and
 -Environmental balance
-This pattern used to be in local, national, and global strategies for development.
-The report Our Common Future is also known as the Brundtland Report (1987)
-Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit of 1992 consolidated these three pillars as the diagram of sustainable development.
-Sustainable development is the many processes and pathways to achieve sustainability.

Economic dimension
- An economically sustainable system must be able to produce goods and services on a continuing basis, to
maintain manageable size of government and external debt and to avoid sectoral imbalances.
Weak sustainability; man made and natural capital substitutable. Sum must be non-declining
Strong sustainability; man made and natural capital with limited substitutability, each stock must be non-
declining separately.

Environmental dimension
-A stable resource base, do not overwhelm the waste assimilative ability of the environment nor the
regenerative services of the environment, deplete non-renewables only to the extent we invest in renewable
substitutes

Social dimension
-Achieve distributional equity, adequate provision of social services including health and education, gender
equity and political accountability and participation

GLOBAL MIGRATION

Migration
-Migration means a person or people moving into a new area in their country to live there permanently.
-Migration means crossing the boundary of a political or administrative unit for
a certain minimum period (Boyle et al. 1998, chapter 2). It is classified as either;
1. Internal migration which refers to a move from one area (province, district, or municipality) to another
within one country.
2. International migration which means crossing the frontiers which separate one of the world’s
approximately 200 states from another. Many scholars argue that internal and international migration are
part of the same process, and should be analyzed together (Skeldon 1997, 9-10)
-The reasons for migration are disparity in level of income, employment, and social well-being between
differing areas. With a family to feed or a responsibility to earn, the individuals are keen to exert the effort to
look for better jobs with better pay. Thus no new immigrant is
left out because he can easily blend in. A new perspective set in where women are likewise
given the same opportunities as that of men thus female migration is accommodated as they
moved in independently or as heads of households.

The Push-Pull Factor


- it is a factors in the destination country that attracts people to a new place largely because the opportunities
presented in the new location were not available to the previously.
-push-pull factor refers to conditions which force people to leave their homes.
-A person who would typically move because of distress
-Places that experience drought and famine, war conflicts, and/or high unemployment would contribute to the
push factors that trigger the country’s residents.

1.temporary labor migrants - they are popularly known as overseas contract workers
who migrate for a limited period in order to work and send remittances to their families left at
home.
2. Highly skilled and business migrants - they are people with special skills and
qualification who seek employment through international labor markets for scarce skills.
3. Irregular migrants (also known as undocumented or illegal migrants) – people who
enter a country, usually in search of employment, without the necessary documents and
Permits.
4. Refugees – is a person residing outside his or her country of nationality, who is unable or unwilling to return
because of a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular
social group, or political opinion (1951) United Nations Convention relating to the Status of Refugees)
5. Asylum-seekers – people who move across borders in search of protection
6. Forced-migration – this includes not only refugees and asylum-seekers but also
people forced to move by environmental catastrophes or developmental projects.
7. Family members (also known as family reunion or family reunification migrants) –
migration to join people who have already entered an immigration country under one of the
above categories.

GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY

Food Security is an evolving concept, getting refined after new developments and greater awareness about
its necessity

During the 1970s,food crises created awareness for food security and led to formal institutional
response globally. However food availability through buffer stocks was considered enough for ensuring food
security
During 1980s,concern with increased poverty added access to food as essential as food availability for
food security
During 1990s,interest in human development led to absorption of food also as an essential component
of food security
During 2000s, recurring food crises necessitated to include stability as one of the main components of
food security
During 2010s,evidence of increasing malnutrition among the children/females led to inclusion of nutrition
also as an essential element of food security
Now food security invariably means five things;
A. Food is available in the country
B. It is accessible to people, physically and financially
C. People are healthy to absorb it
D. Food supplies /prices are stable over period
E. It is nutritious enough to sustain a human body
Global Food Security- Major Challenges
 -production
 -Consumption
 -Distribution
 -Politics

Major Challenges- Production


 Decrease in cultivated area
 Degradation of arable lands
 Stagnant yields
 Climate change
 Increase cultivation of biofuels
 Land grabbing
Major Challenges- Consumption
 Increasing population
 Growing prosperity
 Changing food habits
 wastages
Major Challenges-Distribution
 Access to food-physical constraints
 Food denial
 Access to food-financial constraints
Major Challenges-Political
 Poor commitment of the ruling elite
 Not providing good governance
 Not improving overall law and order
 Not making special arrangements
Responses-Food Absorption
 Improve general health care
 Population planning
 Pay special attention to water borne diseases
 Food fortification
Responses-Food Stability
 Each country to have sufficient buffer stock
 Code of conduct at UNO level
 Timely information
 In time import of food grains

Global Citizenship: Understanding Our Shared World


-Global citizenship is a powerful concept that recognizes our interconnectedness and shared responsibility for
the planet. It’s about understanding how our actions impact others around the world and actively working to
create a more just and sustainable future.

Beyond Borders
1.Interconnectedness
2.Shared Destiny
3.Global Community

Rights- everyone deserves fundamental human rights, regardless of morality or location.


Responsibilities- we have responsibilities to contribute to a better world, through actions,advocacy, and
support.

Active Participation
1.Awareness- stay informed about global issues and understand their impact.
2.Advocacy- speak up for those who are marginalized or facing injustice,raising awareness and demanding
change.
3.Action-Take concrete steps to contribute to positive change,whether through volunteering,donating, or
supporting orgs.
A Shared Humanity
-Empathy- Understanding different cultures,perspectives, and experiences.
-Compassion- show compassion and concern for those in need.
-Solidarity- Stand in solidarity with those facing oppression,injustice,or hardship.
Sustainable Development
1.Environmental Protection-Protecting our planet for future generations.
2.Economic Equity- fostering a fair and equitable global economy benefits.
3.Social Justice- promoting human rights for all.

Global Education
-understanding global issues
-Critical thinking
-Cultural sensitivity
-Intercultural communication
-Problem solving
-Global cooperation

Building Bridges
-Collaboration- working together across borders to find solutions to global challenges
-Peacebuilding- promoting peace and understanding between nations.
-Cultural exchange- Sharing knowledge,ideas and experiences.

A More Just World


Environmental sustainability- protecting our planet for future generations through responsible practices.
Education for all- providing education for all, regardless of location and background

Empowering Change
By embracing the principles of global citizenship, we can all contribute to a more just,sustainable, and
peaceful world. Together we can create a future where everyone thrives.

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