CONW
CONW
CONW
CONTEMPORARY WORLD
Economic dimension
- An economically sustainable system must be able to produce goods and services on a continuing basis, to
maintain manageable size of government and external debt and to avoid sectoral imbalances.
Weak sustainability; man made and natural capital substitutable. Sum must be non-declining
Strong sustainability; man made and natural capital with limited substitutability, each stock must be non-
declining separately.
Environmental dimension
-A stable resource base, do not overwhelm the waste assimilative ability of the environment nor the
regenerative services of the environment, deplete non-renewables only to the extent we invest in renewable
substitutes
Social dimension
-Achieve distributional equity, adequate provision of social services including health and education, gender
equity and political accountability and participation
GLOBAL MIGRATION
Migration
-Migration means a person or people moving into a new area in their country to live there permanently.
-Migration means crossing the boundary of a political or administrative unit for
a certain minimum period (Boyle et al. 1998, chapter 2). It is classified as either;
1. Internal migration which refers to a move from one area (province, district, or municipality) to another
within one country.
2. International migration which means crossing the frontiers which separate one of the world’s
approximately 200 states from another. Many scholars argue that internal and international migration are
part of the same process, and should be analyzed together (Skeldon 1997, 9-10)
-The reasons for migration are disparity in level of income, employment, and social well-being between
differing areas. With a family to feed or a responsibility to earn, the individuals are keen to exert the effort to
look for better jobs with better pay. Thus no new immigrant is
left out because he can easily blend in. A new perspective set in where women are likewise
given the same opportunities as that of men thus female migration is accommodated as they
moved in independently or as heads of households.
1.temporary labor migrants - they are popularly known as overseas contract workers
who migrate for a limited period in order to work and send remittances to their families left at
home.
2. Highly skilled and business migrants - they are people with special skills and
qualification who seek employment through international labor markets for scarce skills.
3. Irregular migrants (also known as undocumented or illegal migrants) – people who
enter a country, usually in search of employment, without the necessary documents and
Permits.
4. Refugees – is a person residing outside his or her country of nationality, who is unable or unwilling to return
because of a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular
social group, or political opinion (1951) United Nations Convention relating to the Status of Refugees)
5. Asylum-seekers – people who move across borders in search of protection
6. Forced-migration – this includes not only refugees and asylum-seekers but also
people forced to move by environmental catastrophes or developmental projects.
7. Family members (also known as family reunion or family reunification migrants) –
migration to join people who have already entered an immigration country under one of the
above categories.
Food Security is an evolving concept, getting refined after new developments and greater awareness about
its necessity
During the 1970s,food crises created awareness for food security and led to formal institutional
response globally. However food availability through buffer stocks was considered enough for ensuring food
security
During 1980s,concern with increased poverty added access to food as essential as food availability for
food security
During 1990s,interest in human development led to absorption of food also as an essential component
of food security
During 2000s, recurring food crises necessitated to include stability as one of the main components of
food security
During 2010s,evidence of increasing malnutrition among the children/females led to inclusion of nutrition
also as an essential element of food security
Now food security invariably means five things;
A. Food is available in the country
B. It is accessible to people, physically and financially
C. People are healthy to absorb it
D. Food supplies /prices are stable over period
E. It is nutritious enough to sustain a human body
Global Food Security- Major Challenges
-production
-Consumption
-Distribution
-Politics
Beyond Borders
1.Interconnectedness
2.Shared Destiny
3.Global Community
Active Participation
1.Awareness- stay informed about global issues and understand their impact.
2.Advocacy- speak up for those who are marginalized or facing injustice,raising awareness and demanding
change.
3.Action-Take concrete steps to contribute to positive change,whether through volunteering,donating, or
supporting orgs.
A Shared Humanity
-Empathy- Understanding different cultures,perspectives, and experiences.
-Compassion- show compassion and concern for those in need.
-Solidarity- Stand in solidarity with those facing oppression,injustice,or hardship.
Sustainable Development
1.Environmental Protection-Protecting our planet for future generations.
2.Economic Equity- fostering a fair and equitable global economy benefits.
3.Social Justice- promoting human rights for all.
Global Education
-understanding global issues
-Critical thinking
-Cultural sensitivity
-Intercultural communication
-Problem solving
-Global cooperation
Building Bridges
-Collaboration- working together across borders to find solutions to global challenges
-Peacebuilding- promoting peace and understanding between nations.
-Cultural exchange- Sharing knowledge,ideas and experiences.
Empowering Change
By embracing the principles of global citizenship, we can all contribute to a more just,sustainable, and
peaceful world. Together we can create a future where everyone thrives.